scholarly journals Efficiency of antituberculosis measures in the improvement of tuberculosis control in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
Yurii Feshchenko ◽  
Vasy Melnyk ◽  
Valentyna Matusevych ◽  
Iryna Novozhylova ◽  
Iryna Bushura
Keyword(s):  
Social Program ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Ambulatory Treatment ◽  
Keywords Tuberculosis ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Short Courses ◽  
Who Indicators

The study was aimed to estimate positive aspects and lacks of tuberculosis (TB) control in Ukraine on the basis of analysis of reports of antituberculosis dispensaries in 2012–2017 years. Positive changes in an epidemic situation on ТB in 2012–2017 were marked by an increase of the detectability percent of patients with ТB by sputum smear and culture, an increase of percent of clinical recovery of patients, reduction in ТB sick rate among medical workers, and, as a result, reduction of the incidence of all forms the first registered patients with ТB and pulmonary ТB, multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MR TB), reduction of the mortality and prevalence of all forms of active ТB among all population. It was established that the efficiency of antituberculosis measures was insufficient. In particular, the percent of prophylactic fluorography inspections of adults and children was too low as was low the level of scope the inoculation of children bellow 1 year and revaccination. The study revealed an unsatisfactory level of chemoprophylaxis; insufficiency of infectious control in establishments; efficiency of treatment of patients with pulmonary TB and patients with multidrugresistant tuberculosis falls short of to the WHO indicators at the height of percent of patients with the interrupted and failed treatment. The level of mortality and death rate remains high. Priority tasks for the achievement of aims of the new social program for tuberculosis control in Ukraine during the reform of the system of health protection to the patients with ТB are introduction of new models of treatment with an accent on ambulatory treatment, short courses of treatment and new preparations, patient-oriented approach for treatment of patients, providing of social support of patients on the stage of ambulatory treatment with the purpose of an increase of adherence of patient to treatment by attracting of civil society. Keywords: tuberculosis, antituberculosis measures, treatment, detection, prevention. For citation: Feshchenko YuI, Melnyk VM, Matusevych VH, Novozhylova IO, Bushura IV. Efficiency of antituberculosis measures in the improvement of tuberculosis control in Ukraine. Journal of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2019;25(4):457–62.

scholarly journals Knowledge and perceptions of national and provincial tuberculosis control programme managers in Pakistan about the WHO Stop TB strategy: a qualitative study

JRSM Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205427041667508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasiq Mehmood Khan ◽  
Helen Smith ◽  
Ejaz Qadeer ◽  
Sondus Hassounah
Keyword(s):  
Control Programme ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Tuberculosis Control Programme ◽  
Tuberculosis Programme ◽  
Stop Tb Strategy

Objective To understand how national and provincial tuberculosis programme managers in Pakistan perceive and engage with the Stop TB strategy, its strengths, weaknesses and their experience in its implementation. National and provincial tuberculosis programme managers play an important role in effective implementation of the Stop TB strategy. Design A qualitative interview study was conducted with 10 national and provincial tuberculosis programme managers to understand how they perceive and engage with the Stop TB strategy, its strengths, weaknesses and their experience in its implementation. Managers were selected purposively; 10 managers were interviewed (six national staff and four from provincial level). Participants National and provincial tuberculosis programme managers in Pakistan. Managers were selected purposively; 10 managers were interviewed (six national staff and four from provincial level). Setting National and provincial tuberculosis programmes in Pakistan Main outcome measures 1. Knowledge and perceptions of national and provincial tuberculosis programme managers about the Stop TB strategy 2. Progress in implementing the strategy in Pakistan 3. Significant success factors 4. Significant implementation challenges 5. Lessons learnt to scale up successful implementation. Results The managers reported that most progress had been made in extending DOTS, health systems strengthening, public -private mixed interventions, MDR-TB care and TB/HIV care. The four factors that contributed significantly to progress were the availability of DOTS services, the public-private partnership approach, comprehensive guidance for TB control and government and donor commitment to TB control. Conclusion This study identified three main challenges as perceived by national and provincial tuberculosis programme managers in terms of implementing the Stop TB strategy: 1. Inadequate political commitment, 2. Issue pertaining to prioritisation of certain components in the TB strategy over others due to external influences and 3. Limitations in the overall health system. To improve the tuberculosis control programme in the country political commitment needs to be enhanced and public -private partnerships increased. This can be done through government prioritisation of TB control at both national and provincial levels; donor-funded components should not receive undue attention; and partnerships with the private health sector, health institutions not yet covered by DOTS services, non-governmental organisations and patient coalitions should be increased.

Tuberculosis Control Learning Games

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Learning Games ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Control Learning

In teaching health workers about tuberculosis (TB) control we frequently concentrate on the technological aspects, such as diagnosis, treatment and recording. Health workers also need to understand the sociological aspects of TB control, particularly those that influence the likelihood of diagnosis and cure. Two games are presented that help health workers comprehend the reasons why TB patients often delay in presenting for diagnosis, and why they then frequently default from treatment.

scholarly journals Current situation of tuberculosis and National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Control in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-323
Author(s):  
Eunjeong Son ◽  
Doosoo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
National Strategic Plan

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health problem in Korea. Korea has the highest incidence rate (59 per 100,000 population) and the second-highest TB mortality rate (four per 100,000 population) among Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development member countries. However, some progress has been made in TB control over the past decade. The notification rate of new TB cases has been gradually decreasing since reaching its highest rate in 2011 (78.9 per 100,000 population). In 2019, the notification rate of new TB cases was 46.4 per 100,000 population, with a reduction of 9.9% from the 2018 rate. Additionally, the number of multidrug-resistant TB cases decreased from 618 in 2018 to 580 in 2019. This progress is thought the result of various TB control programs including a TB public–private mix model, insurance coverage for TB management, and a contact investigation program. Despite the progress made, new challenges have also emerged. The predominant challenges lie in the relatively increasing burden of TB in the vulnerable population (aging, socio-economically vulnerable, and foreign-born population), the implementation of latent TB infection management, and the high rate of multidrug-resistant TB. Since 2019, the Korean government has been implementing the “Midterm strategies to strengthen TB prevention and management” based on the 2nd National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Control (2018-2022). This program will be a turning point of TB control in Korea. The results produced in 2023 is expected to be favorable.

Evaluation of the Concentration Sputum Smear Technique for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Gebre-Selassie
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Mycobacterial Diseases ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Concentration Methods

The microbiological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) plays a key role in routine and Tuberculosis (TB) Control Programmes in developing countries. Concentration of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in clinical specimens is an important step in the laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases. Microscopy of smears of sputum by direct and after mechanical sedimentation and centrifugation methods followed by treatment with 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution for concentration of the organisms were compared and evaluated. The rate of recovery of AFB from sputum was 8.5%, 25.5% and 38.0% for direct smear microscopy, concentration by sedimentation of NaOCl-treated sputa followed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and concentration by centrifugation after use of NaOCl respectively. Both the concentration methods by the use of NaOCl solution increased the yield of the AFB by more than threefold compared with the direct microscopy of sputum ( P<0.05). The concentration methods by sedimentation, and centrifugation by the treatment of NaOCl, increased the sensitivity to 75% and 77.9%, respectively, and the specificity to 100% for both techniques. In conclusion, the use of NaOCl in the concentration of AFB in sputum is recommended for use in routine laboratory diagnosis of PTB in developing countries.

Diminishing returns in bovine tuberculosis control

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 1382-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. HONE
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Diminishing Returns ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Strength Of Association

SUMMARYMycobacterium bovis causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in many mammals including cattle, deer and brushtail possum. The aim of this study was to estimate the strength of association, using model selection (AICc) regression analyses, between the proportion of cattle and farmed deer herds with bTB in New Zealand and annual costs of TB control, namely disease control in livestock, in wildlife or in a combination of the two. There was more support for curved (concave up) than linear models which related the proportion of cattle and farmed deer herds with bTB to the annual control costs. The curved, concave-up, best-fitting relationships showed diminishing returns with no positive asymptote and implied TB eradication is feasible in New Zealand.

Trends of tuberculosis rates before and after the declaration as a public health emergency in Japan, 1992–2006

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1000-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ota ◽  
K. Uchimura
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Before And After

SETTING: Over the period 1992 to 2006, Japan had tuberculosis (TB) notification rates of about 40 to 20 per 100 000 population. In 1999, the Minister of Health and Welfare of Japan declared a public health emergency based on the resurgence of TB.OBJECTIVE: To compare the trends of TB notification rates before and after the declaration.DESIGN: This is an ecological study on the trends of TB notification rates. The trends per year in TB notification rates were compared before (1992–1997) and after (2001–2006) the emergency declaration.RESULTS: The trends in the notification rates for all types of TB and sputum smear-positive TB (SSP-TB) decreased from −3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] −4.6 to −1.9) and 0.94% (95%CI −0.33 to 2.2), respectively, per year before the declaration to −5.8% (95%CI −6.3 to −5.3) and −3.3% (95%CI −2.4 to −4.2), respectively, per year after the declaration with statistical significance. Trends in notification rates for both all types of TB and SSP-TB statistically significantly decreased after the declaration in Fukuoka, Osaka and Saitama Prefectures.CONCLUSION: The declaration of TB as a public health emergency in Japan in 1999 had a positive impact on TB control in Japan and thus TB epidemiology.

An Approach to the Management of Tuberculosis in HIV Endemic Areas

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Cutaneous Adverse Reactions

The epidemic of HIV-associated tuberculosis is having a severe impact on tuberculosis control in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as the United States of America, and is expected to spread. Where facilities are limited, the association between HIV and sputum-smear negative tuberculosis hampers diagnosis; trials of anti-tuberculous therapy are indicated in some cases. Standard treatment regimens are effective, but thiacetazone should be avoided because of its association with severe, cutaneous adverse reactions. Treatment may have to be prolonged in HIV positive cases. Measures to maximize compliance with therapy are paramount. These include the use of the shortest possible regimens, of recognized potency, and emphasis on ensuring that the regimen is understood by and readily accessible to the patient.

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