Trends of tuberculosis rates before and after the declaration as a public health emergency in Japan, 1992–2006

SETTING: Over the period 1992 to 2006, Japan had tuberculosis (TB) notification rates of about 40 to 20 per 100 000 population. In 1999, the Minister of Health and Welfare of Japan declared a public health emergency based on the resurgence of TB.OBJECTIVE: To compare the trends of TB notification rates before and after the declaration.DESIGN: This is an ecological study on the trends of TB notification rates. The trends per year in TB notification rates were compared before (1992–1997) and after (2001–2006) the emergency declaration.RESULTS: The trends in the notification rates for all types of TB and sputum smear-positive TB (SSP-TB) decreased from −3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] −4.6 to −1.9) and 0.94% (95%CI −0.33 to 2.2), respectively, per year before the declaration to −5.8% (95%CI −6.3 to −5.3) and −3.3% (95%CI −2.4 to −4.2), respectively, per year after the declaration with statistical significance. Trends in notification rates for both all types of TB and SSP-TB statistically significantly decreased after the declaration in Fukuoka, Osaka and Saitama Prefectures.CONCLUSION: The declaration of TB as a public health emergency in Japan in 1999 had a positive impact on TB control in Japan and thus TB epidemiology.

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Changes in Connotative Perception of Notions from the Area of Science Education at a Science Camp

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology ◽

10.2478/cdem-2019-0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (1-2) ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

Petra Ivánková

Keyword(s):

Science Education ◽

Natural Science ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Real Life ◽

Semantic Differential ◽

Differential Method ◽

Science Camp ◽

Before And After ◽

Science And Education

Abstract The main reason of children’s low interest in the study of natural science subjects is the inability to link the knowledge acquired at school to subjects such as chemistry or physics with real life outside the classroom. Their ideas about the scientists are often mistaken and glamorized. With the effort of the Vebor camp, these ideas are corrected and shifted towards reality. The research was focused on the perception of children of selected concepts before and after the camp. There are many researches fields dealing with science camps or teaching outside of school. Our research has used the semantic differential method, which we have seen only sporadically in research on this subject. The results of the research are mostly positive and show that the scientific camp has a positive impact on the understanding and perception of children of selected aids from the area of science and education. Very interesting are the results, for example, when the term of “teacher”, where the connotative perception of the term has changed from very negative to highly positive with statistical significance of 99 %. Many of the more interesting results are presented in the article.

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Dynamics of Mental States of Learners Working with Didactic VR Programs Using Virtual Reality Technologies

Experimental Psychology (Russia) ◽

10.17759/exppsy.2021140407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 123-141

Author(s):

V.G. Anikina ◽

E.G. Khoze ◽

I.V. Strizhova

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Activation Parameter ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Well Being ◽

Mental States ◽

Adolescent Students ◽

Cognitive Motivation ◽

Before And After ◽

Different Levels

The article presents the results of studying the mental states of adolescent students involved in the work using didactic VR programs implemented using VR technologies of different levels, demonstrated using different technical means (stationary PC, VIVE helmet), causing immersive experience of different quality. Before and after work, the participants were controlled: activation, excitement, tone, well-being; mood, asthenia, euphoria; the severity of the presence effect. As a result, it was shown that the participants who were involved in the work with the help of a PC experienced a decrease in indicators at the level of reliable statistical significance for the activation parameter. When working with VIVE helmets, reliable increases are shown in terms of activation, arousal, tone, well-being, asthenic state and euphoria. In general, we can talk about the intensive and positive impact of didactic VR programs broadcast with the help of higher level VR technologies on the mental states of students, which can become a source of formation of their stable and productive educational and cognitive motivation.

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Differences in perceived severity of Zika virus infection and dengue fever and its influence on mosquito control practices in malaysia, a dengue-endemic country

10.1101/061622 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Li Ping Wong ◽

Haridah Alias ◽

Nasrin Aghamohammadi ◽

I-Ching Sam ◽

Sazaly Abu Bakar

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

Endemic Country ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Perceived Severity ◽

The Public ◽

Before And After

AbstractBackgroundIt is important to study the concerns over the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak among the general public in dengue-endemic countries such as Malaysia, as both diseases are transmitted by the same vector species. Furthermore, investigation of public prevention measures for ZIKV is essential in order to identify the gaps in mosquito control practices. The aims of this study were to explore the differences in 1) the perception of severity towards ZIKV infection and dengue fever, and 2) mosquito control practices before and after the ZIKV outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).MethodData were collected between February 2015 and May 2016 using a computer-assisted telephone interviewing system on a random sample of 567 people from the general Malaysian population aged above 18 years from randomly selected households.ResultsThe median scale score for perceived severity of ZIKV was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 1-5) versus 4 (IQR 3-5) for dengue (P<0.001). The majority perceived dengue as being more severe than ZIKV (41.6%). Having friends or acquaintances that had died from dengue was significantly associated with higher perceived severity of ZIKV than dengue (odds ratio [OR] 1.913 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.032-3.547]). The scores for mosquito control practices before and after ZIKV was declared a PHEIC were similar, at 4 (IQR 3-5). Multivariate analysis revealed that participants with a higher score for perception of severity of ZIKV were more likely to report greater mosquito control practices after the declaration of the PHEIC (OR 1.822 [95% CI 1.107-2.998]).ConclusionsThe emerging ZIKV pandemic requires concerted efforts to enhance mosquito control practices among the Malaysian public. Efforts to improve public mosquito control practices should focus on enhancing the perception of the severity of ZIKV.Author summaryInvestigation of the public perception of the severity of the re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Malaysia, a dengue-endemic country, is of immense importance. It is also vital to know whether the public has heightened their mosquito prevention practices after the declaration of ZIKV as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). The aim of this study was to explore the differences in 1) the perception of severity towards ZIKV infection and dengue fever, and 2) mosquito control practices before and after the ZIKV outbreak was declared a PHEIC. Findings showed that the public has a lower perception of severity of ZIKV than of dengue. Mosquito prevention practices were the same before and after the declaration of a PHEIC. People with a higher perception of severity of ZIKV reported higher mosquito control practices after the declaration of a PHEIC. The emerging ZIKV pandemic requires concerted efforts to enhance mosquito control practices among the Malaysian public. Efforts to improve public mosquito control practices should focus on enhancing the perception of severity of the ZIKV.

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State, Territorial, and Local Health Departments’ Reporting of Partnership Strength Before and After the H1N1 Response

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x13009011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 580-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Karen E. Kun ◽

John Zimmerman ◽

Dale A. Rose ◽

Stephanie Rubel

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Service Providers ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

Ordinal Scale ◽

Local Health ◽

Health Departments ◽

Local Health Departments ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Before And After ◽

K 12

AbstractIntroductionResearch has shown that partnerships between public health agencies, service providers, and other key stakeholders can expand resources and facilitate focus on community health issues more effectively than can any agency or organization acting alone. There is, however, little empirical evidence drawn from actual public health emergency responses to support this claim. The US response to novel influenza A (H1N1) virus provided the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) the opportunity to explore whether, and the extent to which, state, local and territorial health departments strengthened partnerships with key partner agencies and sectors.MethodsParticipants included the CDC Public Health Emergency Response (PHER) grantees comprised of 62 state, territorial and local health departments. PHER grantees completed an assessment instrument in May 2011, including questions asking them to rate their partnership strength (on a four-point ordinal scale) with six types of partners before and after the H1N1 response. Grantees additionally reported if and how PHER funding contributed to enhancing the strength of these partnerships.ResultsSixty-one PHER grantees (61/62, 98%) completed the assessment instrument's partnerships section. PHER grantees reported that their partnerships with retail pharmacies were most strengthened (mean increase = 1.11 (on a four-point ordinal scale), SD = .82). This was followed by schools (K-12) (mean increase = .90, SD = .58); private medical providers (mean increase = .81, SD = .68); immunization authorities (mean increase = .80, SD = .61); main education authorities (mean increase = .75, SD = .68); and businesses (mean increase = .74, SD = .61). Mean PHER grantee increases in the strength of each partner type were statistically significant for all partner types (P < .01). Grantees reported that PHER funding contributed to enhancing the strength of their partnerships with schools most frequently (46/46, 100%), and businesses least frequently (31/37, 83.8%).ConclusionsThis inquiry provides evidence that state, territorial, and local health department partnerships with key sectors, agencies, and programs were strengthened after the H1N1 response. It further demonstrates that the CDC's PHER funding contributed to the health departments’ reports of increased partnership strength.KunK, ZimmermanJ, RoseD, RubelS. State, territorial, and local health departments’ reporting of partnership strength before and after the H1N1 response. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(6):1-6.

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THE FORMATION OF READINESS OF FUTURE MANAGERS OF GENERAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS TO USE INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES: THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT

OPEN EDUCATIONAL E-ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN UNIVERSITY ◽

10.28925/2414-0325.2020.9.6 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 69-78

Author(s):

Liudmyla Miskevych

Keyword(s):

General Education ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Chi Square ◽

Professional Activities ◽

Pearson Criterion ◽

Before And After ◽

The Individual ◽

Creative Self

The article is devoted to the results of the pedagogical experiment, checking the effectiveness of the Optional course "Formation of preparedness of future managers of general educational establishments to use innovative pedagogical technologies in professional activities". Quantitative and qualitative indicators of the data obtained during the study showed a positive impact of the proposed optional course on the formation of preparedness of future managers of general educational establishments to use innovative pedagogical technologies in professional activities. The article highlights the results of a study conducted among students of the second level of higher education, specialty 073 "Management", educational program "Management of the educational institution". The study used a questionnaire to determine the level of knowledge about innovative pedagogical technologies of future managers of general educational establishments (author’s development), a questionnaire to study the abilities of the individual to creative self-development (I. V. Nikishyn) and a questionnaire to determine the motivation of vocational training V. G. Katasheva. The generalized dynamics of levels of preparedness of future managers of general educational establishments to use innovative pedagogical technologies in professional activities before and after formative experiment in the form of diagrams is presented. In order to assess the statistical significance of the dynamics of changes in the levels of preparedness of future managers of general educational establishments to use innovative pedagogical technologies in professional activities and to assess the differences between the indicators of control and experimental groups as a results of experimental work, the methods of mathematical statistics was used – Pearson criterion χ2 ("chi-square test").

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Dampak Pelabuhan Bungkutoko Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Dikawasan Pelabuhan

Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah ◽

10.33772/jpw.v6i2.20154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Hardianti Hardianti ◽

Weka Widayati ◽

La ode Muh. Magribi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Environmental Security ◽

The Other ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Other Hand ◽

Job Opportunities ◽

Before And After ◽

Administrative Area

Abstrach: The purpose of this study is to (1) analyze the differences in the socio- economic conditions of the community before and after the existence of Bungkutoko Port, (2) Mapping the existence of Bungkutoko Port. The population in this study were 552 households in Bungkutoko Village. The sample of this research is 85 people in Bungkutoko Village. The results showed (1) There are differences in the socio-economic conditions of the community before and after the Bungkutoko Port. The existence of Bungkutoko Port has a positive impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community, which creates job opportunities, increases community income and improves environmental security. But on the other hand, Bungkutoko Port has not had a positive impact on education and public health. (2) Bungkutoko Port is in the administrative area of Bungkutoko Village, Nambo District, Kendari City. The existence of Bungkutoko Port not only has an impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community, but also has an impact on infrastructure development in the local area.Keywords: Bungkutoko Port; Public; Socio-Economic ConditionKeberadaan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko mempunyai dampak ikutan sehingga perlu untuk dilakukan penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk (1) Menganalisis perbedaan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat sebelum dan setelah adanya Pelabuhan Bungkutoko, (2) Memetakan keberadaan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Kelurahan Bungkutoko berjumlah 552 kepala keluarga. Sampel penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Kelurahan Bungkutoko berjumlah 85 kepala keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Terdapat perbedaan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat sebelum dan setelah adanya Pelabuhan Bungkutoko. Keberadaan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko berdampak positif terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat, dimana terciptanya kesempatan kerja, peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat dan peningkatan keamanan lingkungan. Tetapi disisi lain, Pelabuhan Bungkutoko belum memberikan dampak positif bagi pendidikan dan kesehatan masyarakat. (2) Pelabuhan Bungkutoko berada diwilayah administrasi Kelurahan Bungkutoko Kecamatan Nambo Kota Kendari. Keberadaan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko tidak hanya berdampak terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat, tetapi juga berdampak pada pengembangan infrastruktur diwilayah setempat. Kata Kunci: Pelabuhan Bungkutoko; Masyarakat; Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi

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The positive impact of lockdown in Wuhan on containing the COVID-19 outbreak in China

Journal of Travel Medicine ◽

10.1093/jtm/taaa037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 191

Author(s):

Hien Lau ◽

Veria Khosrawipour ◽

Piotr Kocbach ◽

Agata Mikolajczyk ◽

Justyna Schubert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Doubling Time ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

Air Traffic ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

Before And After ◽

Risk Areas ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background With its epicenter in Wuhan, China, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). Consequently, many countries have implemented flight restrictions to China. China itself has imposed a lockdown of the population of Wuhan as well as the entire Hubei province. However, whether these two enormous measures have led to significant changes in the spread of COVID-19 cases remains unclear. Methods We analyzed the available data on the development of confirmed domestic and international COVID-19 cases before and after lockdown measures. We evaluated the correlation of domestic air traffic to the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and determined the growth curves of COVID-19 cases within China before and after lockdown as well as after changes in COVID-19 diagnostic criteria. Results Our findings indicate a significant increase in doubling time from 2 days (95% CI: 1.9–2.6) to 4 days (95% CI: 3.5–4.3), after imposing lockdown. A further increase is detected after changing diagnostic and testing methodology to 19.3 (95% CI: 15.1–26.3), respectively. Moreover, the correlation between domestic air traffic and COVID-19 spread became weaker following lockdown (before lockdown: r = 0.98, P < 0.05 vs after lockdown: r = 0.91, P = NS). Conclusions A significantly decreased growth rate and increased doubling time of cases was observed, which is most likely due to Chinese lockdown measures. A more stringent confinement of people in high risk areas seems to have a potential to slow down the spread of COVID-19.

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Decreasing Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections Acquired in the Home Setting Among Pediatric Oncology Patients

Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing ◽

10.1177/1043454220907551 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 204-211

Author(s):

Diane Altounji ◽

Rachel McClanahan ◽

Roxanne O’Brien ◽

Paula Murray

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Oral Care ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Venous Catheter ◽

Central Line ◽

Mucosal Barrier ◽

Home Setting

Most children receiving cancer treatment require a central venous catheter (CVC), putting them at risk for central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). As patients are discharged home with a CVC in place, caregivers are expected to maintain the CVC following an in-hospital education session before their first discharge home. Following a review of the literature, the education process was modified to improve the quality of education for caregivers. While the existing step-by-step handbook was reviewed and deemed aligned with best practices, other materials were added for this project: a caregiver skills competency checklist, a handout reviewing oral care and hygiene in the home, and a guide for nurses on what materials to provide families at the time of diagnosis. Additionally, caregivers were required to receive two additional CVC care reinforcement sessions during subsequent admissions to the inpatient units, which involved redemonstrations of skills using the competency checklist. Home-acquired CLABSI in pre- and postintervention groups were compared, and compliance of reinforcement education was measured. Though no statistical significance was found, the odds of experiencing a CLABSI were found to be higher in the preintervention group for mucosal-barrier injury (odds ratio = 2.23; 95% confidence interval [0.43, 22.10]) and laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infections (odds ratio = 4.53; 95% confidence interval [0.59, 203.71]). The clinical significance of reducing home-acquired CLABSI has a positive impact on patient outcomes by decreasing morbidity and mortality, inpatient lengths of stay, and overall health care costs.

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