scholarly journals Inventarisasi Jamur Patogen Tular-Benih pada Lima Varietas Padi

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sifa Sobianti ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Suciati Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) beragam spesies jamur patogen tular-benih pada lima varietas padi, dan (2) persentase daya kecambah lima varietas padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Semarang, dari bulan Maret sampai dengan Mei 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, perlakuan terdiri atas Varietas Inpago Unsoed 1, Inpago Unsoed Parimas, IR64, Ciherang, dan Situ Bagendit. Isolasi dan identifikasi jamur patogen tular-benih dilakukan pada blotter test dan medium PDA, dengan pengamatan di bawah mikroskop stereo dan kompon, kemudian dibandingkan dengan pustaka. Variabel yang diamati yaitu morfologi koloni patogen, morfologi patogen, dan daya kecambah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pada semua varietas benih padi terdapat jamur patogen tular-benih, tetapi tidak semua jamur tersebut dijumpai pada setiap varietas. Jenis jamur patogen tular-benih yang dijumpai, yaitu Alternaria padwickii Ganguly, Aspergillus flavus Link, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedjin, Curvularia pallescens Boedjin, Drechslera oryzae Breda de Haan, Fusarium semitectum Berk. & Rav. [W&R, G,B,J], Rhizoctonia solani J. G. Kuhn, Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prins. Geerl., dan Tilletia barclayana Bref., dan (2) uji daya kecambah menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing varietas benih padi memilki persentase daya kecambah benih yang berbeda. Daya kecambah benih berturut-turut pada varietas IR64, Ciherang, Inpago Unsoed 1, Inpago Unsoed Parimas, dan Situ Bagendit sebesar 85,75, 81,75, 80,25, 76,5, dan 70%.

scholarly journals Inventarisasi Jamur Patogen Tular-Benih pada Lima Varietas Padi

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sifa Sobianti ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Suciati Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) beragam spesies jamur patogen tular-benih pada lima varietas padi, dan (2) persentase daya kecambah lima varietas padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Semarang, dari bulan Maret sampai dengan Mei 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, perlakuan terdiri atas Varietas Inpago Unsoed 1, Inpago Unsoed Parimas, IR64, Ciherang, dan Situ Bagendit. Isolasi dan identifikasi jamur patogen tular-benih dilakukan pada blotter test dan medium PDA, dengan pengamatan di bawah mikroskop stereo dan kompon, kemudian dibandingkan dengan pustaka. Variabel yang diamati yaitu morfologi koloni patogen, morfologi patogen, dan daya kecambah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pada semua varietas benih padi terdapat jamur patogen tular-benih, tetapi tidak semua jamur tersebut dijumpai pada setiap varietas. Jenis jamur patogen tular-benih yang dijumpai, yaitu Alternaria padwickii Ganguly, Aspergillus flavus Link, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedjin, Curvularia pallescens Boedjin, Drechslera oryzae Breda de Haan, Fusarium semitectum Berk. & Rav. [W&R, G,B,J], Rhizoctonia solani J. G. Kuhn, Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prins. Geerl., dan Tilletia barclayana Bref., dan (2) uji daya kecambah menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing varietas benih padi memilki persentase daya kecambah benih yang berbeda. Daya kecambah benih berturut-turut pada varietas IR64, Ciherang, Inpago Unsoed 1, Inpago Unsoed Parimas, dan Situ Bagendit sebesar 85,75, 81,75, 80,25, 76,5, dan 70%.

scholarly journals Effet des huiles de pourghère (Jatropha curcas L.) et de neem (Azadirachta indica

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1282-1293
Author(s):  
Issa Adamou ◽  
Zakari Abdoul Habou ◽  
Moussa S. Hassimi ◽  
Salamatou M. Mamane ◽  
Toudou Adam
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Neem Oil

Les huiles de Jatropha curcas communément appelé pourghère et de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), sont testées comme alternatives aux pesticides chimiques dans l’optique d’y déceler de potentiels effets fongicides tout en préservant l’environnement. Les effets des deux huiles végétales sont comparés à ceux de deux fongicides conventionnels, la griséofulvine 250 mg et la nystatine ainsi que l’alcool 95°, sur cinq champignons phytopathogènes (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum et Rhizopus oryzae). Les observations ont porté sur la mesure du diamètre de la zone d’inhibition exercée par les différentes substances inhibitrices à travers les milieux gélosés. Le dispositif expérimental appliqué a été celui du bloc complètement randomisé de Fisher avec huit répétitions. Les moyennes des diamètres de la zone d’inhibition sont respectivement de 26,51 mm pour la nystatine, 14,53 mm pour la griséofulvine, 4,53 mm pour l’huile de neem, 3,05 mm pour l’huile de jatropha, et 0,00 mm pour l’alcool 95°. L’huile de neem a eu un effet inhibiteur net sur la croissance de l’ensemble des champignons testés. En revanche, l’huile de jatropha a exercé un meilleur contrôle de la croissance des espèces Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger et Rhizopus oryzae. Les deux huiles pourraient être recommandées dans la protection des denrées stockées, notamment les céréales.Mots clés : Extraits végétaux, effet fongicide, zone d’inhibition, lutte alternative. English Title: Effect of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) oils on in vitro devloppement of pathogenic funji Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum et Rhizopus oryzae Oils of Jatropha curcas (pourghère) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) were tested as alternatives to chemical pesticides in a view to finding some potential fungicide effects harmless to environment. The effects of the two natural oils were compared with those of two conventional fungicides, griseofulvin 250 mg and nystatin and also alcohol 95° on five phytopathogenic fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus oryzae). Observations consisted in measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition by different substances through the agarose medium. The experimental device applied was the Fisher completely randomized bloc with eight repetitions. Means of inhibition zone diameters were respectively de 26.51 mm for nystatin, 14.53 mm for griseofulvin, 4.53 mm for neem oil, 3.05 mm for jatropha oil, and 0.00 mm for alcohol 95°. The neem oil showed good inhibition effect on the growth of the whole set of tested fungi. In contrast, jatropha oil exhibited a better fungal growth control on Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae species. Thus, these two vegetable oils could be recommended in cereal protection in postharvest.Keywords: Vegetal oils, fungicide effects, inhibition zone, alternative control.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Pathogenic Potentiality of Fungi Associated With Leaf Spot of Basella Alba and B. Rubra

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jahan Shova ◽  
Shamim Shamsi ◽  
MA Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum ◽  
First Time

Two major species of Indian spinach, namely Basella alba L. and B. rubra L. were selected to find out associated mycoflora and their pathogenic potentiality. Ten fungi viz., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Colletotrichum dematium, C. lindemuthianum, Curvularia lunata, Drechslera sacchari, Fusarium semitectum and Penicillium sp. were found to be associated with the selected leaves of Basella spp. Among the isolated fungi C. lindemuthianum, D. sacchari and F. semitectum were found to be pathogenic to Basella spp. Association of C. lindemuthianum and D. sacchari with Basella spp. are recorded first time from Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 183-189, 2020 (July)

scholarly journals Detection the antifungal effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on mold which isolated from domestic's bathroom

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Dina Yousif Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles

The aim of this study is to detection the antifungal effect of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles on mold which isolated from domestic's bathroom during April 2017 in Baghdad City. Twenty species were isolated from one hundred samples which were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus. flavus, , Aspergillus duricaulis, Aspergillus nidulans Aspergillus. parasiticus ,Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus. brasiliensis ,Aspergillus heteromorphus , Curvularia lunata, Penicillium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, , Alternaria alternate, Cladosporium sp. Trichoderma sp., Mucor, Rhizopus sp., Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, , Stachybotrys and yeast. Among the isolated species Aspergillus niger, was the most abundant (14.92%) followed by Aspergillus flavus (10.14%), while less abundant (0.95 & 0.63 %) Cladosporium sp. &, Mucor respectively. The higher demoralization of fungal growth was recorded at 8mg/ml concentration of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles which was (3.8cm) in molds Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus. flavus, , & Aspergillus. brasiliensis

scholarly journals Fungal Organisms Associated with Post-harvest Rot of Frafra Potatoes [Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir.)] in Bongo-Soe, Upper East Region, Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S. Apuri ◽  
C. Kwoseh ◽  
E. A. Seweh ◽  
I. O. Tutu
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
East Region ◽  
Upper East Region ◽  
Percentage Incidence

Aims: The study aims to identifying the microorganisms associated with post-harvest rot of frafra potatoes in Bongo-soe, Upper east region of Ghana. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Horticulture and the Pathology laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana. The Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers were stored at the Horticulture Department laboratory whiles rot identification was carried out at the Pathology laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture. The Tubers were stored from 2nd November, 2012 to 22nd March 2013. Methodology: Four hundred (400) tubers of black cultivar and four hundred (400) tubers of a brown cultivar of Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers showing visible signs of rot during the storage were collected. Pieces of diseased tissues from the margin of the necrotic collected and immersed in 10% commercial bleach solution for sterilisation, for one minute. These were then blotted dry and plated on Potato Dextrose Agar PDA. The plates were sealed with a cellotape until growth occurred. Results: The microorganisms identified to be responsible for causing rot in Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers were six in number. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was identified to be responsible for 30.76% of rots observed, followed by Aspergillus niger, 23.07%, Curvularia lunata, 19.23%, Aspergillus flavus, 11.54%, Trichoderma sp and Penicillium sp both recorded 7.70% of rots observed. The percentage incidence of Aspergillus niger (15.38%), Curvularia lunata (11.54%) and Aspergillus flavus (7.69%) was higher in the black cultivar as compared with the brown cultivar which had percentage incidence of 7.69%, 7.69% and 3.85% respectively. Also, the percentage incidence of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (15.38%) and Penicillium sp (3.85%) was the same in both the black and brown cultivars of Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers used in this study. Conclusion: The activities of the damaging microorganisms can be reduced by controlling mechanical injury during harvesting, transportation and storage of Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers should be prevented or reduced because they pave the way for tuber infection by the rot causing microorganisms.

scholarly journals Sanidade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Chorisia glaziovii O. Kuntze tratadas com extratos vegetais

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Andrezza Klyvia Oliveira Araújo ◽  
Maria Lúcia Maurício Silva ◽  
Rommel Do Santos Siqueira Gomes ◽  
Angeline Maria da Silva Santos ◽  
Luciana Cordeiro do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a eficiência dos extratos de alho e erva-cidreira sobre patógenos e na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Chorisia glaziovii. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de extratos de alho e erva-cidreira à 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%, e fungicida Captan®. Para sanidade das sementes adotou-se o método blotter test e a qualidade fisiológica foi determinada pela germinação e vigor. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizados em esquema fatorial (2x5) +1 (extratos vegetais x concentrações + fungicida), com quatro repetições. Observou-se a ocorrência de Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Botrytis sp., Cladosporium sp., Curvularia lunata, Nigrospora sp., Pestalotia sp., Periconia sp. e Rhizopus stolonifer, nas sementes. O extrato de erva-cidreira à 100% foi eficiente na inibição dos patógenos. O aumento na concentração do extrato de alho foi prejudicial à primeira contagem de germinação, e o extrato de erva-cidreira proporcionou aumento de sementes germinadas.

scholarly journals INCIDÊNCIA DE FUNGOS ASSOCIADOS A SEMENTES DE SOJA TRANSGÊNICA VARIEDADE BRS VALIOSA RR

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thatyane Pereira de Sousa ◽  
Ivaneide Oliveira Nascimento ◽  
Claudio Belmino Maia ◽  
Joacir Morais ◽  
Gustavo De Andrade Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Colletotrichum Truncatum ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum

RESUMO: A utilização de sementes de boa qualidade sanitária no plantio é um fator de fundamental importância para o estabelecimento da lavoura, uma vez que a sementes pode servir como fonte de inoculo. Com o presente trabalho se objetivou identificar os principais fungos associados às sementes de soja transgênica variedade BRS Valiosa RR. A análise sanitária foi conduzida no Laboratório de Fitopatologia do Centro de Estudos Superiores de Imperatriz da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, utilizando-se o “blotter test” de acordo com as Regras para analise de Sementes, do Ministério da Agricultura. As sementes foram incubadas em condições de fotoperíodo por sete dias, com incidência de luz branca fluorescente num intervalo de 12 horas de luz e 12 horas de escuro, à temperatura de aproximadamente 26±5 0C, durante sete dias. Após esse período as sementes foram examinadas individualmente, sob microscópio estereoscópico e óptico e os resultados foram expressos em percentagem de incidência de fungos. Foram identificados cinco gêneros de fungos: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rizopus sp., Colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium semitectum, Penicillium sp. Os quais podem afetar o desenvolvimento de plântulas no campo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: patógenos, sanidade, qualidade.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF Sida planicaulis Cav. (MALVACEAE) FUNGUS FILAMENTOSOS FRONT

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 607-615
Author(s):  
Ana Laura de Cabral SOBREIRA ◽  
Ana Clara da Rocha SOUSA ◽  
Egberto Santos CARMO ◽  
Danielly Albuquerque DA COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Propagation Technique

Sida planicaulis, popularly known as "vassoura", is very common in Curimataú Paraibano, although little studied in relation to its antimicrobial potential. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of the crude ethanolic extract and its phases: hexane, chloroform, aceto- and hydroalcoholic phase of the plant on the filamentous fungi Rhizopus oryzae, Exophyala werneckii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Cladosporum 2B3 and Microsporum canis. The antifungal activity was verified by the propagation technique in Agar. Incubation was carried out in a bacteriological oven at 28ºC for 7 to 15 days. The antifungal activity was evaluated by the values of the inhibition halos, the concentration of the Minimal Inhibitory by the microdilution technique, where all testes were performed in triplicate. The results showed antifungal activity against the microorganism Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the values of the inhibition halos varied between 15 and 36 mm, Third, species of extract and phases are not an antifungal activity. It can be concluded that the samples used are specific to the inhibitory plane against the fungus T. mentagrophytes, but did not obtain the units used for the development of a new antifungal.

scholarly journals Pathogenic potentiality of fungi associated with the seeds of different cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Amina Khatun ◽  
Shamim Shamsi ◽  
MA Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Fusarium Nivale

A total of 24 species of fungi, namely Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger (Type 1 and Type 2) Van Tiegh, A. ochraceus K. Wilhelm, A. nidulans Eidam, Aspergillus sp.1, Aspergillus sp.2, Aspergillus sp.3, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz & Sacc, C. gossypii Southw., Chaetomium globosum Kunze., Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Sorauer, F. moniliforme J. Shelden, F. oxysporum Schlechtendal, F. fujikuroi Nirenberg, Mucor sp. P. Micheli ex L., Penicillium sp.1 and sp.2 Link, Rhizoctonia solani Khun., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., Rhizomucor sp. Lucet & Costantin, Syncephalastrum racemosum Cohn and Trichoderma viride Pers. were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton. Out of these 24 fungal species, nine were found to be pathogenic to cotton. They were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger (Type 1), Aspergillus sp. 1, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium nivale, F. moniliforme, Mucor sp. and Rhizoctonia solani. These pathogenic fungi had remarkable effect on seed germination, vigor index, root-shoot length and mortality of cotton seedlings. The germination percentage of control seeds was 88 but because of the presence of pathogenic fungi the rate showed considerable reduction in all the varieties and it varied from 20 to 82%. Among the nine fungal isolates Rhizoctonia solani showed maximum reduction in seed germination. Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium moniliforme also caused near about 50% reduction in seed germination. Mortality percentage of control seedling were also less (6) whereas, in inoculated seeds it was higher and varied from 7 - 23%. Root- shoot ratio of control seedlings was high but less in inoculated seedlings. The vigor index of control plant was high (1548.8) but less in inoculated plants. The lowest vigor index was noticed for Rhizoctonia solani (202.0) and highest for Aspergillus sp. 1(1213.6). Results indicated that Curvularia lunata and Rhizoctonia solani showed a greater impact in reduction of cotton seed germination and vigor index. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(1): 107-115, 2020 (January)

scholarly journals Association of Fungi with Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis Fosb.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Shamim Shamsi ◽  
Razia Sultana ◽  
Yasmin Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
First Report ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Nine species of fungi belonging to eight genera of Deuteromycetes were found associated with leaves and fruits of breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis. The fungi were Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler, Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh, Aspergillus flavus Link, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn., Penicillium sp. Pteroconium state of   Apiospora camptospora Penz. & Sacc. and Spicaria sp., and Zygosporium oscheoides Mont.. This is the first report of association of A. alternata, C. gloeosporioides., Curvularia lunata,  Penicillium sp. Pteroconium state of A. camptospora, Spicaria sp. and Z. oscheoides, with breadfruit. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was the predominating fungus recorded on all infected matured leaves showing brown lesion and anthracnose symptom, and also pathogenic to breadfruit plant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i1.10930 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1, 143-146, 2012

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