scholarly journals El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, Eje De Comunicación Del Septentrión Novohispano

Xihmai ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Vallebueno Garcinava ◽  
José de la Cruz Pacheco Rojas

Resumen El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro fue la ví­a de comunicación más importante del septentrión novohispano durante los siglos XVI al XVIII. Por él transitaron indí­genas, españoles y africanos, mercancí­as e ideas que permitieron el poblamiento de ciudades, villas, reales de minas, presidios, poblados misionales, estancias agrí­colas y ganaderas, pero ante todo la formación de la nueva cultura mestiza que caracteriza al norte. En este trabajo se estudian los orí­genes y los cambios de ruta que tuvo el Camino Real de Tierra Adentro a medida que se prolongó hacia el norte, debido tanto al auge minero como a la resistencia de los indios a la expansión española y las dificultades que los viajeros tuvieron para transportarse a causa de sus accidentes geográficos. Para ello se recurrió a fuentes documentales de diferentes repositorios, a descripciones de personajes de la época y a investigaciones de historiadores actuales sobre la misma temática. Palabras clave: camino, septentrión, plata, asentamientos, resistencia indí­gena.   Abstract Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (Royal Road of the Interior Lands) was the most important road of communication during the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries in the north of New Spain. It was transited by indigenous, Spanish and African people, goods and ideas that allowed the settlement of cities, towns, mining camps, jails, missionary settlements, agricultural and cattle ranches, but first of all, the formation of the new hybrid culture that characterizes north. This article examines the origins and route changes that had the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro as continued north, both due to the mining boom as the Indian resistance to Spanish expansion and the difficulties that travellers had to transport because of its geographical features. This article based on documentary sources from different repositories, resorted to character descriptions of the time and current historians research on the same topic. Keywords: Road, north, silver, settlements, indigenous resistance.

Xihmai ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Fournier Garcí­a ◽  
Bridget M. Zavala Moynahan

Resumen A lo largo del Camino Real los habitantes usaron la cultura material - incluyendo objetos de uso cotidiano destinados a la preparación, almacenamiento y servicio de alimentos- para construir y reafirmar aspectos identitarios. En este ensayo, derivado de nuestras investigaciones concluidas en 2013, consideramos patrones de consumo de estos objetos desde el siglo XVIII hasta inicios del XX reflejados en inventarios de bienes de la época y contextos arqueológicos de la Nueva Vizcaya colonial (hoy Durango y Chihuahua). Contrastamos entre las vajillas que emplearon las personas con alto poder adquisitivo y los de uso entre el común de la gente, según los registros documentales y los contextos arqueológicos con diversas funciones y temporalidades registrados en el valle del Rí­o Sextí­n, Durango.   Palabras clave: Nueva Vizcaya, Camino Real, consumo cotidiano, haciendas, identidad Abstract   The residents along the Royal Road used material culture, including everyday life objects related to the preparation, storage and serving of foods, to construct and reaffirm aspects of their social identity and status. In this article, based on our research finished in 2013, we consider their consumption as reflected in 18th to 20th century documents and archaeological contexts from southern New Biscay (modern-day Durango and Chihuahua). We compare ceramic goods used by individuals with high economic standing with those employed by commoners, as registered in historical sources and data from archaeological sites with diverse functions and temporalities, recorded in the Sextí­n valley, Durango. Keywords: New Biscay, Royal Road, everyday life consumption, haciendas, identity


Author(s):  
Roberto Carrillo Acosta ◽  
Irma Castillo Ruiz

RESUMEN Las investigaciones sobre las fortificaciones en el norte de Nueva España son escasas. Además, aunque hay escritos aislados sobre algunas fortificaciones, no se han realizado estudios que de manera integral hagan un seguimiento de cada recinto fortificado. El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, motivo de este escrito, alberga un inmenso testimonio de los diversos procesos históricos que en su tendido se forjaron. Dicho testimonio se traduce en una gama de bienes patrimoniales que fueron construidos individual y colectivamente a lo largo de tres siglos. Su transformación da cuenta del conocimiento heredado de técnicas o modelos constructivos, y de estrategias de ocupación, lo cual le imprime un sentido de permanencia en el tiempo.PALABRAS CLAVESfortificaciones, Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, presidio de El PasajeABSTRACTInvestigations about the fortifications of northern New Spain are scarce. Besides, even though there are isolated writings on some types of fortification, no studies have been carried out that comprehensively track each fortified enclosure. The Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, the reason for this article, has left us an immense testimony of various historical processes forged in it. This testimony translates into a range of patrimonial assets that were built individually and collectively over the course of three centuries. Its transformation gives an account of the inherited knowledge of techniques or constructive models, and of the occupation strategies, which impress on it a sense of permanence in time.KEYWORDSfortifications, Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, El Pasaje prison


UVserva ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
Azminda Meybelli Román Nieto

El presente artículo analiza el papel de los museos en el sector de la cultura en México y su contribución económica. Para ello, se tomó como base para el análisis de los años 2016 y 2017, los resultados del Sistema Nacional de Cuentas del INEGI, (Año base 2013) y la clasificación del Sistema de Clasificación Industrial de América del Norte SCIAN (2018).Palabras clave: Sector; economía; crecimiento; cultura; museos. AbstractThis article presents the role of museums in the culture sector in Mexico and how they contribute to the growth and development of the country. For this, the results of the National Account System of INEGI, (Base Year 2013) and the classification of the North American Industrial Classification System SCIAN (2018) are taken as the basis for the analysis.Keywords: Sector; Economy; Growth; Culture; Museums.


2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karina Campos Moreira Da Costa Santos ◽  
Natália Ramos

O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre a temática da violência e do bullying em contexto escolar, sustentada na análise alargada de diversas fontes documentais, publicações e literatura científica da especialidade, de vários autores de referência, almejando uma aprofundada compreensão e uma adequada contextualização teórica do fenómeno em estudo. Trata-se da primeira etapa de um trabalho de investigação em desenvolvimento no âmbito da referida problemática, no Centro de Estudos das Migrações e das Relações Interculturais (CEMRI), da Universidade Aberta de Lisboa, Grupo de Investigação “Saúde, Cultura e Desenvolvimento”. O trabalho objetiva identificar, compreender e , analisar  os processos inerentes à construção da violência e da exclusão social no  meio escolar português. Pretendemos, também, aferir as principais causas e consequências dos comportamentos violentos em contexto escolar, assim como definir possíveis formas de prevenção e estratégias de intervenção/atuação, nomeadamente através dos contributos da educação intercultural. Para realizar este estudo, ainda em elaboração na sua vertente empírica, optámos pelo método de investigação qualitativa. Escolhemos realizar um estudo de tipo descritivo, na categoria de estudo de caso. Assim, propomo-nos estudar o caso de uma escola do primeiro ciclo do ensino básico, de um agrupamento de escolas do distrito de Setúbal, situada numa zona urbana do concelho do Seixal. Palavras-chave: Violência. Bullying. Vitimização. Escola. Prevenção. Educação intercultural.VIOLENCE AND BULLYING IN SCHOOL CONTEXT: contributions of intercultural perspectiveAbstract: This article presents a literature review on the theme of violence and bullying in schools, based on extensive analysis of various documentary sources, publications and scientific literature, from many relevant authors, aiming to achieve a wide understanding and proper contextualization of the phenomenon under study. This is the first stage of a research work that is being developed on the mentioned topic, at the Research Center for Migration and Intercultural Relations (CEMRI), of the Open University of Lisbon, Research Group “Health, Culture and Development”. The study aims to identify, to know, analyze and understand the processes involved in the construction of violence and social exclusion in portuguese schools. We also intend to assess the main causes and consequences of violent behavior in schools, as well as finding ways to prevent violence and defining intervention strategies / actions, namely through contributions of intercultural education. To carry out this study, still in progress in its empirical part, we have chosen the qualitative research method. We chose to perform a descriptive study, in the case study category. Therefore, we propose to study the case of a school of the first cycle of basic education (primary school), which belongs to a group of schools from Setúbal district, located in an urban area of Seixal.Keywords: Violence. Bullying. Victimization. School. Prevention. Intercultural education.VIOLENCIA Y BULLYING EN EL CONTEXTO ESCOLAR: contribuciones de la perspectiva intercultural Resumen: En este artículo se presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema de la violencia y la intimidación en las escuelas, en base a un amplio análisis de diversas fuentes documentales, publicaciones e literatura científica, de muchos autores de referencia, con el objetivo de una profunda comprensión y contextualización adecuada del fenómeno en estúdio. Esta es la primera parte de un trabajo de investigación en el desarrollo en el Centro de Estudos en Migración y Relaciones Interculturales (CEMRI), de la Universidad Aberta de Lisboa, Grupo de Investigatión “Salud, Cultura y Desarrollo”. El estúdio tiene como objetivo identificar, comprehender y analizar los procesos que intervienen en la construcción de la violencia y la exclusión social en las escuelas portuguesas. Tenemos la intención, también, de identificar las principales causas y consecuencias de los comportamientos  violentos en contextos escolar, así como definir posibles formas de prevención  y estrategias de intervención/atuación, identificada a través de las contribuciones de la educación intercultural.  Para realizar este estudio, todavía en elaboración en su vertiente empírica, optamos por lo método de investigación cualitativa. Elegimos  realizar un estudio del tipo descriptivo, en la categoría de estudio de caso. Así, proponemos estudiar el caso de una escuela de primero ciclo de enseñanza básica, de un agrupamiento  de esculelas del distrito de Setúrbal, situada en la zona urbana del consejo del Seixal.   Palabras clave: Violencia. Bullying. Victimización. Escuela. Prevención. Educación intercultural.


Author(s):  
Anna K. Hodgkinson

Little is necessary in terms of an introduction, since Amarna is one of the best-known settlements of ancient Egypt. The city was founded by pharaoh Amenhotep IV, known from his fifth regal year as Akhenaten, on his move away from Thebes and Memphis to found a new religious and administrative capital city. Akhenaten reigned approximately between 1348 and 1331 BC, and his principal wife was Nefertiti. Akhenaten’s direct successor appears to have been a figure named Smenkhare (or Ankhkheperure) who was married to Akhenaten’s daughter Meritaten. Like Nefertiti, Smenkhare/Ankhkheperure held the throne name Nefernefruaten. For this reason it is uncertain whether this individual was Nefertiti, who may have reigned for some years after the death of Akhenaten, possibly even with a brief co-regency, or whether this was a son or younger brother of the latter. The rule of Smenkhare/Ankhkheperure was short, and he or she was eventually succeeded by Tutankhamun. The core city of Amarna was erected on a relatively flat desert plain surrounded by cliffs on the east bank of the Nile, in Middle Egypt, approximately 60km south of the modern city of Minia, surrounded by the villages et- Till to the north and el-Hagg Qandil to the south. The site was defined by at least sixteen boundary stelae, three of which actually stand on the western bank, past the edge of the modern cultivation. In total, the city measures 12.5km north–south on the east bank between stelae X and J, and c.8.2km west–east between the projected line between stelae X and J and stela S to the far east, which also indicates approximately the longitude of the royal tomb. The distance between stelae J and F, to the far south-west, measures c.20km, and between stelae X and A, to the far north-west 19.2km. The core city, which is the part of the settlement examined in this section, was erected along the Nile, on the east bank, and it is defined by the ‘Royal Road’, a major thoroughfare running through the entire core city north–south.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Charlene Vella

The V&A is home to a painted crucifix that has been attributed to the Sicilian master, Antonio de Saliba (c 1466/7–c 1535), who was active in Venice and eastern Sicily during the Renaissance. This paper takes a fresh look at the documentary sources that were published before the devastating earthquake that struck Messina, in the north west of Sicily, in 1908. In re-examining these sources, this paper reveals new insights into Antonio de Saliba’s oeuvre and enables a possible identification of the V&A’s painted crucifix with a specific contractual agreement that links this crucifix’s commission to the artist – specifically with a commission de Saliba received in 1508 from Limina, a small town in the province of Messina. The roots of this provincial commission would explain the persistence of a retardataire production visible in this early sixteenth-century painted crucifix. This paper also challenges the preconceived idea that such painted crucifixes were destined to be displayed high up in a church, on a tramezzo or beam.


1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Van Der Molen ◽  
Guillermo Caille ◽  
Raúl González

In coastal Patagonia, Argentina, an unknown number of species of sharks are frequently caught in bottom-trawl nets. Between 1993 and 1996, 454 trawls by Patagonian coastal fisheries (41˚–51˚S) were analysed; 264 included sharks. Of the seven species of sharks caught, the most frequent was the smoothhound Mustelus schmitti, mainly in Bahía Engaño (off Chubut). The argentine angelshark (Squatina argentina) and the tope (Galeorhinus galeus) were common in the north of Patagonia, the piked dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the central zone, and the narrowmouthed catshark Schroederichthys bivius in the south. The broadnose sevengill shark (Notorhynchus cepedianus) was rarely caught. A single basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) was caught in San Matías Gulf (off Río Negro). Although undesirable, the by-catch of sharks is growing as a result of the increase in the fishing activities of the region, and the sustainability of the shark populations in Patagonian coasts is a matter of concern. Resumen. En las costas de Patagonia, Argentina, un número desconocido de especies de tiburones son frecuentemente capturados en las redes de arrastre de fondo. Entre 1993 y 1996 se analizaron a bordo 454 lances de pesca en las pesquerías costeras de Patagonia, entre los 41 y 51˚S, y en 264 de ellos se registraron capturas de tiburones. De las siete especies de tiburones capturadas el mas frecuente fue el gatuzo Mustelus schmitti, principalmente en Bahía Engaño, frente a las costas de Chubut. El pez ángel Squatina argentina y el cazón vitamínico Galeorhinus galeus fueron comunes en el norte de Patagonia, el cazón espinoso Squalus acanthias en la zona central, y el tiburón pintarroja Schroederichthys bivius en el sur. El tiburón gatopardo Notorhynchus cepedianus resultó una especie rara en las capturas. En el Golfo San Matías, frente a las costas de Río Negro, se capturó un ejemplar de tiburón peregrino Cetorhinus maximus. Aunque no deseadas, las capturas de tiburones están aumentando debido al incremento de las actividades pesqueras en la región, y la sustentabilidad de las poblaciones de tiburones en Patagonia es motivo de creciente preocupación. Palabras clave: tiburones, capturas, redes de arrastre, pesquerías costeras, Patagonia.


1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
John L. Kessell ◽  
Peter Gerhard
Keyword(s):  

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