Methodology for studying the combustion products composition from various materials

Изложены методология и принципы лабораторного исследования состава продуктов горения различных материалов с использованием таких инструментов, как газовая и газожидкостная хроматография, масс-эффузио-спетрометрия. Большое внимание уделено применяемым в хроматографических колонках сорбентам и их температурным режимам, а также способам приготовления образцов для исследований. Рассмотрены вопросы детектирования различных компонентов в смеси продуктов горения. Результаты исследований продуктов горения разных материалов представлены в табличной форме, при этом в скобках указаны рассчитанные индексы токсичности С, оцененные по литературным данным (смертельная для человека концентрация при получасовой экспозиции). The article discusses the issues of determining the qualitative and quantitative composition of the combustion products from synthetic and natural materials. Multicomponent mixtures of volatile combustion products contain compounds of inorganic and organic origin. To determine the composition of the combustion products from various materials there is proposed the methodology and principles of laboratory research using such instruments as gas and gas-liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, and visible-field spectroscopy. These methods make it possible to identify certain chemicals. For example, organic compounds are analyzed by chromatography. Inorganic substances are determined by converting them into colored compounds and by analyzing their spectrum in the visible and ultraviolet regions. When developing methods of chromatographic and spectrophotometric studies, it is proposed first of all to identify the qualitative composition of combustion products based on information about the composition of polymer molecules of the studied natural or synthetic materials. Such an assessment, as an example, was made by studying the combustion products of polyethylene. The molecular weights were determined using the MX-1312 chromatomassefusiometer. To determine the molecular weight of a substance, a mathematic formula was obtained based on mathematical processing of experimental data. A special method has been developed to reduce the processing time of effusiograms (by 10-15 times). Much attention is paid to the sorbents used in chromatographic columns, their temperature conditions, and methods of preparing samples for research. Methods of identification of various components in a mixture of combustion products using various detectors are considered. The results of studies of the combustion products from different materials are presented in tabular form, with the calculated toxicity indices, С, estimated according to the literature data (lethal concentration for humans at half-hour exposure) are indicated in parentheses.