scholarly journals HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATIONS IN SURFACE SOILS WITHIN BORI, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Urban Surface ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Combined Pollution ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
High Positive Correlation

Heavy metal contaminations in surface soils within Bori were examined. The composite soil sample at 10 – 15cm depth was collected from each of the seven sampling locations including the control location using a stainless-steel hand auger. The soil samples were air-dried for 2 days, homogenized and sieved through a 2mm mesh to obtain uniform size. The soil samples were subjected to wet digestion method using nitric-perchloric acid. The digested samples were used for determination of concentrations of the heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb, Fe Cu and Zn) using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentrations of the heavy metals obtained ranged as follows: Pb (0.553 – 4.551 mg/kg), Cr (1.713 – 7.965 mg/kg), Cd (0.011 – 2.549 mg/kg), Mn (6.914 – 40.162 mg/kg), Ni (2.942 – 6.597 mg/kg), Zn (4.468 – 13.976 mg/kg) and Cu (1.90 – 11.503 mg/kg). The results were below the world average values except Fe (53.554 – 122.203mg/kg). The enrichment factor values ranged between 0.04 and 20.86 and showed low to moderate enrichment due to anthropogenic activities. The pollution load index (PLI) value was 1, the combined pollution index (CPI) values ranged between 0.39 and 1.73 and the metal pollution load index (MPL) value of 3.73 > 1 revealed pollution in urban surface soils of the study area. The high positive correlation result among the heavy metals in the sample soils of the study area suggested that they are of similar pollution sources. Based on the findings, the urban surface soils of the study area are contaminated with heavy metals. Therefore, there should be monitoring and environmental audit by relevant authorities to ensure adequate environmental quality of urban surface soils in the study area. Keywords: Heavy metals, contaminations, Bori, metal pollution load, combined pollution index.

scholarly journals PESTICIDES BIOACCUMULATION AND THEIR SOIL POLLUTANT EFFECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
B. A. Othman ◽  
E. S. Kakey
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Greenhouse Soil ◽  
Pesticides Residue ◽  
Very High

This study was aimed to investigate pesticides bioaccumulation and their soil pollutant effect. The experiment was included sixteen active greenhouses in Erbil plane, and conducted during September 2017 and March 2018. The present study revealed that the pesticides residue of pyridabine, thiamethoxam, abamectin and spirodiclofen were detected in greenhouse soil samples.   The values of soil heavy metals contaminations factor (CF) revealed, that the studied greenhouse soil samples were ranged from low to very high contamination, while for pesticides were ranged from non to high contaminated. Soil pollution load index results supported that, the greenhouse soil was contaminated especially by Cr, Ni and Co. Pollution load index (PLI) was ranged from 7.751 to 0.303; supporting that the soils were contaminated in most sites. It could be concluded that, significant need for the development of pollution prevention and scientific strategies to reduce heavy metal pollution and pesticide accumulation residuals within greenhouses in Erbil plane.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND PREDICTION ON HEAVY METALS POLLUTION LEVEL (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni) IN SEDIMENT IN BANGKA ISLAND WATERS USING LOAD POLLUTION INDEX AND GEOACCUMULATION INDEX

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasmi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Guideline Values

<p>Bangka Island is rich in natural resources particularly tin minerals. The increasing of tin mining has elevated various wastes such as tailings, oil, and fuel coming from the sand scraper tin boat. These wastes containing toxic heavy metals may harmful to marine organism. Measurement of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni were carried out in September 2010. The purpose of this research was to predict the pollution degree of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in sediment using two different methods namely geoaccumulation index (I_geo) and pollution load index (PLI). The samples of sediments were collected at 20 stations using Gravity Core. The content of heavy metals in all samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with a mixture of air and acetylene flame. The results showed that there was a different of prediction on sediment pollution level between Load Pollution Index with Geoaccumulation Index. According to Load Pollution Index, sediments in this waters were not polluted by Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni (PLI&lt;1). Based on Geoaccumulation Index, sediment were also not polluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni (Igeo&lt;0). While for Cd, sediments divided into three categories, namely not polluted (Igeo&lt;0), light polluted (0&lt;Igeo&lt;1), and medium pollued (1&lt;Igeo&lt;2).  The concentration of the heavy metals still lower than that sediment quality guideline values.</p> <p>Keywords: Bangka Island, heavy metals, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of heavy metals in agricultural soils from Katsina state Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Ibrahim Yaradua ◽  
Adamu Jibrin Alhassan ◽  
Abdullahi Nasir ◽  
Kabir Ibrahim Matazu ◽  
Aminu Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pollution Load

This work contributes to the monitoring of Agricultural soil pollution in Katsina State, North western Nigeria by assessing the degree of heavy metal pollution in Agricultural soil samples. The study was conducted in the year 2017 within some catchment areas located within the 3 senatorial zones that constitute to make up the state (Katsina senatorial zone: Birchi, Dutsinma and Katsina; Daura senatorial zone: Daura, Ingawa and Zango; Funtua senatorial zone: Dabai, Funtua, Kafur, Malunfashi and Matazu).  Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. . Several indices were used to assess the metal contamination levels in the Agricultural soil samples, namely; Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The result of this study has shown that generally among the heavy metals evaluated, the highest concentration was observed for Fe (range: 20.195-38.347 ppm), followed by Zn (range: 0.528-1.134 ppm), Pb (range: 0.256-0.627 ppm), Mn (range: 0.261-0.572 ppm) and Cr (range: 0.093-0.344 ppm). While Cd has the lowest concentration (range: 0.022-0.043 ppm). For all the site sampled the heavy metal Ni was below detection level (BDL). From the results of heavy metals I-geo values, according to Muller’s classification,  soil samples from Birchi, Daura, Dutsinma, Kafur and Zango were unpolluted (class 0) while soil samples from Dabai, Funtua, Ingawa, Katsina, Malunfashi and Matazu are moderately polluted (class 1). The result for the enrichment factor has shown that with the exception of the heavy metal Fe, which shows significant enrichment for all the sites sampled all the other heavy metals show deficiency to minimal enrichment. Also based on the contamination factors for all soil samples the heavy metal Fe has a CF values range of 1.2861-2.3240, indicating that the Agricultural soil samples are moderately contaminated with Fe. In contrast, the rest of the heavy metals exhibit low contamination in general. The value of PLI ranges from 0.2408 to 0.4935, indicating unpolluted to moderate pollution, with the sampling site for Katsina displaying the highest PLI value while the sampling site of Ingawa has the lowest PLI. The Eri values for all samples are all < 40, presenting low ecological risk.  The results suggest that the Agricultural soils samples from Katsina state has low contamination by the heavy metals evaluated.Key words: Agricultural soils, Heavy metals, Katsina state, Pollution load index, Contamination factor.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND PREDICTION ON HEAVY METALS POLLUTION LEVEL (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni) IN SEDIMENT IN BANGKA ISLAND WATERS USING LOAD POLLUTION INDEX AND GEOACCUMULATION INDEX

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasmi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Guideline Values

Bangka Island is rich in natural resources particularly tin minerals. The increasing of tin mining has elevated various wastes such as tailings, oil, and fuel coming from the sand scraper tin boat. These wastes containing toxic heavy metals may harmful to marine organism. Measurement of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni were carried out in September 2010. The purpose of this research was to predict the pollution degree of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in sediment using two different methods namely geoaccumulation index (I_geo) and pollution load index (PLI). The samples of sediments were collected at 20 stations using Gravity Core. The content of heavy metals in all samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with a mixture of air and acetylene flame. The results showed that there was a different of prediction on sediment pollution level between Load Pollution Index with Geoaccumulation Index. According to Load Pollution Index, sediments in this waters were not polluted by Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni (PLI<1). Based on Geoaccumulation Index, sediment were also not polluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni (Igeo<0). While for Cd, sediments divided into three categories, namely not polluted (Igeo<0), light polluted (0<Igeo<1), and medium pollued (1<Igeo<2).  The concentration of the heavy metals still lower than that sediment quality guideline values. Keywords: Bangka Island, heavy metals, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index.

scholarly journals Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil of an Open Dump along Old Ikare Road Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. O. Olayinka-Olagunju ◽  
A. M. Olatunji-Ojo ◽  
A. Adejuyigbe ◽  
H. A. Ikuesan ◽  
S. E. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Ondo State

Aims: To investigate the heavy metal concentrations in soil samples collected from an open dumpsite in a rural community (Aba Idi-Mangoro) in Owo, Ondo State and to compare the observed values with the regulatory limits. This study also aimed to determine the pollution levels using tools like contamination factor, pollution load index and geoaccumulation index. Study Design: Field study design was use in this study. Place and Duration of Study: Soil samples were collected from Aba Idi-Mangoro in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria between July 2015 and February 2016 to represent the wet and dry seasons. Methodology: A total of 96 soil samples were collected (6 samples on each visit and the site was visited twice a month). The samples were taken to the Prof. Julius Okojie Central Research Laboratory at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. In the laboratory, samples were air dried to remove the moisture. 2 g of the sampes were digested into HNO3, HCl, HF and HClO4, and AA Spectrophotometer was used to analyse the concentrations of the heavy metals. Results: Out of the 8 heavy metals assessed, 6 were above the regulatory limits. The order of heavy metal concentrations for the wet season is: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Co>Cd and the dry season is as follows: Fe>Zn>Mn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Co>Cr>Cd. When the mean concentrations of the samples for the wet season were compared to the dry season, Mn (0.009), Cd (0.035), Cr (0.044) and Co (0.014) differ significantly (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in Fe, Co, Ni and Zn. It was observed from the overall results that the concentrations of heavy metals were higher during the dry season than in the wet season. The contamination factor (CF), pollution load index and geo-accumulation index values of Fe was extremely high in the two seasons while it varies at different collection times for the other metals. Conclusion: Due to the high presence of some of the heavy metals found in the soil, the study suggests that water and sediment samples from nearby river(s) within the community should also be examined.

scholarly journals INDEX MODELS ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN SOIL SAMPLES OF SELECTED MOTOR PARKS WITHIN MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
A.I. Mohammed ◽  
A.A. Ahmed ◽  
J.U. Jibrin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Threat

Heavy metal pollution is a global issue of concern which results from both biogenic and anthropogenic activities. Hence, an investigation of soil pollution is pertinent because of its potential threat to human health. The present study examined the concentrations, contamination and pollution load index cum ecological risk factor for some heavy metals in soil samples collected from Borno Express (BOEXP), Tashan Kano (TASKP) and Tashan Bama (TASBP) motor parks within Maiduguri, Borno state of Nigeria. The data obtained showed mean concentration range of 0.34 - 1.18 mg/kg, 0.04 - 0.15 mg/kg, 0.07 - 0.41 and 0.18 - 0.29 mg/kg for Zn, Cr, Cd and Cu respectively. Nonetheless, lead was not detected in any and all samples analyzed. The increasing order of concentrations in the soils followed: Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd, Cu > Cd > Zn > Cr and Cd > Zn > Cu > Cr for BOEXP, TASKP and TASBP motor parks respectively. Notwithstanding, the results showed lower concentrations to the allowable limits of World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, the contamination factor of cadmium in the TASKP fell within the (0.10 – 0.25) category, indicative of slight contamination whereas in TASBP, the calculated value 0.5125 was within (0.51 -0.75) category implying severe contamination. The other heavy metals analyzed showed contamination factor as well as pollution index values < 0.1 indicative of very slight contamination.Keywords: Borno Express, Tashan Kano, Tashan Bama, Motor Parks, Contamination Index.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Contamination Degree and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Around Active Dumpsite Environment: A Case Study of Ozoro Community, Delta State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
A. N. Ogbaran ◽  
H. Uguru
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
The Government

The use of lowlands for refuse collection point (dumpsite) is a very common practice in Nigeria. However, people cultivated the areas within the vicinity of the dumpsites, without knowledge of the risk of these heavy metals. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the risk of heavy metals pollution of soils within the vicinity of an active dumpsite. Four (4) soil samples (from 4 locations) at a depth of 0–20 cm were collected from the vicinity of the dumpsite. The heavy metals (e.g. iron lead, nickel and cadmium) concentration of the collected soil samples were analyzed according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International methods. Pollution indices (contamination factor, enrichment factor, pollution load index and geoaccumulation index) were used to ascertain the level of heavy metals contamination of the dumpsite area. Results obtained from the soil tests revealed that, the dumpsite area had high heavy metals concentrations. The heavy metals concentrations were of this ranged: iron 3420 mg kg-1 to 4323 mg kg-1, lead 28.92 mg kg-1 to 58.84 mg kg-1, nickel 2.89 mg kg-1 to 6.91 mg kg-1, and cadmium from 1.04 mg kg-1 to 2.05 mg kg-1. The heavy metals concentrations ranked as Fe > Pb > Ni > Cd. Pollution indices results showed that cadmium had the highest contamination factor, enrichment factor, pollution load index and geoaccumulation index values, which portrayed that the dumpsite soil was heavily contaminated with cadmium. Results of the correlation showed a strong correlation (r = 0.87) between iron and nickel, indicating that the two heavy metals got their pollution from the source(s). Results obtained from this study will further help the government and environmental regulators to plan and carried out suitable remediation strategies, to clean the environment.

Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments along Western Coast of Bali Strait, Banyuwangi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Defri Yona ◽  
Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari ◽  
Anedathama Kretarta ◽  
Citra Ravena Putri Effendy ◽  
Misba Nur Aini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation

This study attempted to analyze the distribution and contamination status of heavy metals (Cu, Fe and Zn) along western coast of Bali Strait in Banyuwangi, East Java. Bali Strait is one of the many straits in Indonesia with high fisheries activities that could potentially contributed to high heavy metal pollution. There were five sampling areas from the north to south: Pantai Watu Dodol, Pantai Kalipuro, Ketapang Port, Pantai Boom and Muncar as the fish landing area. Heavy metal pollution in these locations comes from many different activities such as tourism, fish capture and fish industry and also domestic activities. Contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) of each heavy metal were calculated to obtain contamination status of the research area. The concentrations of Fe were observed the highest (1.5-129.9 mg/kg) followed by Zn (13.2-23.5 mg/kg) and Cu (2.2-7.8 mg/kg). The distribution of Cu, Fe and Zn showed variability among the sampling locations in which high concentrations of Cu and Zn were higher in Ketapang Port, whereas high concentration of Fe was high in almost all sampling locations. According to the pollution index, contamination factors of Cu, Fe and Zn were low (CF < 1 and Igeo < 1). However, high index of EF (> 50) showed high influence of the anthropogenic activities to the contribution of the metals to the environment. This could also because of the high background value used in the calculation of the index due to the difficulties in finding background value from the sampling areas.Keywords: heavy metals, pollution index, contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, Bali Strait

scholarly journals Impact of sludge and wastewater on Lactuca sativa L. growth and on soil pollution

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

<div> <p>Two greenhouse pot experiments were conducted in Agrinion, Greece. The impact of treated municipal wastewater (TMWW) and sludge (i) on the growth of <em>Lactuca sativa</em> L. var Longifolia (lettuce) and (ii) on the extent of soil pollution with heavy metals was studied. Soil pollution was assessed by calculating the Pollution Load Index (PLI). Both of these experiments were conducted, using a randomized block design in four replications and seven treatments, respectively, as follows: (a) Experiment A: study of the effect of treated municipal wastewater (TMWW): [Control, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, (100%+30 t/ha Sludge)] and (b) Experiment B: Study of the effect of sludge (t/ha): 0, &nbsp;6, 12,&nbsp; 18, 24 , 30, (30+100%TMWW). The sludge affected significantly plant height and fresh and dry matter yield, as well as the dry matter N content of plants, while the TMWW affected significantly the dry matter yield and non-significantly the plant height. The pollution load index (PLI) was non-significant for both treatments (sludge and TMWW). According to PLI calibration scale, the soil was found to be slightly polluted with heavy metals under both treatments.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Source Apportionment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Around a Urea Fertilizer Factory and Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Human Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Akter ◽  
Mohammad Obidur Rahman ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Saiful Islam Tushar ◽  
Mottalib Hossain Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The mean concentrations of heavy metals viz: K, Ca, Mg, Ti, Fe, Co, Cu, As, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Pb and Th were measured in soil samples using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique and sampling sites as a whole were found highly contaminated by Zn, considerably contaminated by Mg and Pb, while moderately contaminated by Fe, Co, Cu, Rb, Sr, As, Rb, Y, Th. The sampling sites are moderate to strongly polluted by heavy metals according to Enrichment factors value, whereas, Pollution Load Index values for 95% of the sample sites were ≥ 1.5, indicating deterioration of soil quality. Potential Ecological risk (RI) value followed the increasing sequence of Pb > As > Co > Zn > Cu. Non-carcinogenic exposure found higher in children compared to adults,however carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that both groups (adult and children) lied within Grade II category (10− 5 to 10− 6) and considered to be at no risk.

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