The Effect of Increasing Music Volume on Reaction Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact that music volume has on reaction time.  The significance of this study is that music volume is often suggested to be one of the factors and/or distractions that lead young drivers under the age of 25 to experience a high rate of vehicular accidents, and the goal of this study was to quantitatively assess the effect of increasing music volume on the reaction time of subjects in this demographic. Tactile reaction time, using the Brain Gauge, was used to record simple reaction time and choice reaction time data for 20 college students while the Neil Diamond classic “Sweet Caroline” was played at approximately 0dB, 20dB, 40dB, and 80dB. The results demonstrate a significant increase in simple reaction time with increased music volume and shows that louder music impacts an individual’s capacity to react to a stimulus.  Although the study was not conducted while the individual was driving, the results strongly suggest that high music volume could significantly impair a driver’s response time.

scholarly journals Human Reaction Times: Linking Individual and Collective Behaviour Through Physics Modeling

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Castro-Palacio ◽  
Pedro Fernández-de-Córdoba ◽  
J. M. Isidro ◽  
Sarira Sahu ◽  
Esperanza Navarro-Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Physics Modeling ◽  
The Individual

An individual’s reaction time data to visual stimuli have usually been represented in Experimental Psychology by means of an ex-Gaussian function. In most previous works, researchers have mainly aimed at finding a meaning for the parameters of the ex-Gaussian function which are known to correlate with cognitive disorders. Based on the recent evidence of correlations between the reaction time series to visual stimuli produced by different individuals within a group, we go beyond and propose a Physics-inspired model to represent the reaction time data of a coetaneous group of individuals. In doing so, a Maxwell–Boltzmann-like distribution appeared, the same distribution as for the velocities of the molecules in an Ideal Gas model. We describe step by step the methodology we use to go from the individual reaction times to the distribution of the individuals response within the coetaneous group. In practical terms, by means of this model we also provide a simple entropy-based methodology for the classification of the individuals within the collective they belong to with no need for an external reference which can be applicable in diverse areas of social sciences.

scholarly journals No Myth far and wide:

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Hüffmeier ◽  
Stefan Krumm
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Stopping Rule ◽  
Time Estimate ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Time Correction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Chance

Skorski, Extebarria, and Thompson (2016) aim at our article on relay swimmers (Hüffmeier, Krumm, Kanthak, & Hertel, 2012). We have shown that professional freestyle swimmers at relay positions 2 to 4 swam faster in the relay than in the individual competition if they had a high chance to win a relay medal. After applying a reaction-time correction that controls for different starting procedures in relay and individual competitions, Skorski et al. (2016) conclude that swimmers in relays do not swim faster. At first sight, their results appear to show this very pattern. However, we argue that the authors’ findings and conclusion—that our finding is a myth—are not warranted. First, we have also controlled for quicker reaction times in the relay competition. Our correction has been based on the swimmers’ own reaction time data rather than on a constant reaction time estimate and is, thus, more precise than theirs. Second, Skorski et al. treat data from international and national competitions equally although national relay competitions are less attractive for the swimmers than national individual competitions. This difference likely biases their data towards slower relay times. Third, the authors select a small and arbitrary sample without explicit power considerations or a clear stopping rule. Fourth, they unfavorably aggregate their data. We conclude that the reported results are most likely due to the methodological choices by Skorski et al. and do not invalidate our findings.

scholarly journals The impact of fencing training symmetrisation on simple reaction time

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Monika Johne
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Unilateral Training

Abstract Study aim: The symmetrisation of movements can be a way to develop individual coordinative skills, and to prevent the occur-rence of injuries. For this reason, in this study an attempt was made to evaluate and compare simple reaction time and movement time for épée fencers of different sports classes, and to determine the impact that three years of symmetrisation training and unilateral training have on the speed of reaction components and on dynamical asymmetry. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 60 women épée fencers of different sports classes, and it was repeated in two groups after three years of unilateral and symmetrisation training. Simple reaction time and movement time for the dominant and the non-dominant hand were analysed using Vienna Test System. Results: Women épée fencers of high sports class were characterised by a significantly faster reaction time than their less experienced colleagues. In tests conducted after three years of symmetrisation training, athletes from the experimental group achieved also much better results in reaction time (RT) than those from the control group training with the unilateral method. Conclusions: Long-time unilateral training of master class women épée fencers led to dynamical asymmetry, which in the future could cause injuries and have a negative impact on the development of selected motor skills. Symmetrical training conducted in the experimental group had a positive impact on reaction time indicators as well as on movement time indicators, and it prevented the occurrence of dynamical asymmetry in the tested competitors. Thus, it can be inferred that symmetrical exercises will have a positive impact on training effectiveness and on versatility of athletes.

Intra-individual Cognitive Variability: An Examination of ANAM4 TBI-MIL Simple Reaction Time Data from Service Members with and without Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley R. Cole ◽  
Emma Gregory ◽  
Jacques P. Arrieux ◽  
F. Jay Haran
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Cognitive Variability

AbstractObjectives:The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics 4 TBI-MIL (ANAM4) is a computerized cognitive test often used in post-concussion assessments with U.S. service members (SMs). Existing evidence, however, remains mixed regarding ANAM4’s ability to identify cognitive issues following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Studies typically examine ANAM4 by comparing mean scores to baseline or normative scores. A more fine-grained approach involves examining inconsistency within an individual’s performance.Methods:Data from a sample of 231 were healthy control SMs and 100 SMs within 7 days of mTBI who took the ANAM4 were included in analyses. We examine each individual’s performance on a simple reaction time (SRT) subtest that is administered at the beginning (SRT1) and end (SRT2) of the ANAM4 battery, and calculate the standard deviation of difference scores by trial across administrations.Results:Multivariate analysis of variance and univariate analyses revealed group differences across all comparisons (p<.001) with pairwise comparisons revealing higher intra-individual variability and slower raw reaction time for the mTBI group compared with controls. Effect sizes were small though exceeded the recommended minimum practical effect size (ES>0.41).Conclusions:While inconsistencies in performance are often viewed as noise or test error, the results suggest intra-individual cognitive variability may be more sensitive than central tendency measures (i.e., comparison of means) in detecting changes in cognitive function in mTBI. Additionally, the findings highlight the utility of ANAM4’s repeating a subtest at two points in a battery to explore within-subject differences in performance. (JINS, 2017,23, 1–6)

Modeling Within-Person Variance in Reaction Time Data of Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rast ◽  
Daniel Zimprich
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Time Task ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Wave

In order to model within-person (WP) variance in a reaction time task, we applied a mixed location scale model using 335 participants from the second wave of the Zurich Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging. The age of the respondents and the performance in another reaction time task were used to explain individual differences in the WP variance. To account for larger variances due to slower reaction times, we also used the average of the predicted individual reaction time (RT) as a predictor for the WP variability. Here, the WP variability was a function of the mean. At the same time, older participants were more variable and those with better performance in another RT task were more consistent in their responses.

scholarly journals Manipulations of the Response-Stimulus Intervals as a Factor Inducing Controlled Amount of Reaction Time Intra-Individual Variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Paweł Krukow ◽  
Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik ◽  
Arkadiusz Podkowiński
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Response Stimulus

Aggrandized fluctuations in the series of reaction times (RTs) are a very sensitive marker of neurocognitive disorders present in neuropsychiatric populations, pathological ageing and in patients with acquired brain injury. Even though it was documented that processing inconsistency founds a background of higher-order cognitive functions disturbances, there is a vast heterogeneity regarding types of task used to compute RT-related variability, which impedes determining the relationship between elementary and more complex cognitive processes. Considering the above, our goal was to develop a relatively new assessment method based on a simple reaction time paradigm, conducive to eliciting a controlled range of intra-individual variability. It was hypothesized that performance variability might be induced by manipulation of response-stimulus interval’s length and regularity. In order to verify this hypothesis, a group of 107 healthy students was tested using a series of digitalized tasks and their results were analyzed using parametric and ex-Gaussian statistics of RTs distributional markers. In general, these analyses proved that intra-individual variability might be evoked by a given type of response-stimulus interval manipulation even when it is applied to the simple reaction time task. Collected outcomes were discussed with reference to neuroscientific concepts of attentional resources and functional neural networks.

Timing of expectancy peak in simple reaction time situation

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Näätänen ◽  
V. Muranen ◽  
A. Merisalo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction
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