scholarly journals Tracing Pan-Slavism in Official Documents of the Military Department of the Russian Empire in the Early 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
П.П. Рыхтик
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

Рассматривается проблема влияния идеологической концепции панславизма на систему отношений великих держав и малых акторов в Балканском регионе начала ХХ века. Дается взгляд на теорию панславизма как явления мировой общественно-политической мысли, зародившегося в XIX веке и представляющего собой многосоставное и неопределенное понятие, наполнявшееся различным смыслом отдельными теоретиками. Особое внимание уделяется чертам русского панславизма как одного из ответвлений данного течения, наиболее актуального в рамках общественно-политического дискурса поздней Российской империи. Указывается на влияние на русский панславистский дискурс следующих основных факторов: актуальных задач балканской политики России, образов «братьев-славян», формировавшихся в русском общественно-политическом сознании в XIX — начале ХХ века, и связанной с данным образом метафоры «славянской взаимности»; развитие и усиление популярности в России к рубежу XIX–XX веков идей славянофилов. Приводится анализ постепенного проникновения элементов панславистского дискурса из комплекса идей поздних славянофилов, в частности на основе работ и речей В. И. Ламанского, в тексты официального характера (планы, донесения, аналитические записки) Генерального штаба (Главного штаба) Российской империи в начале ХХ века, посвященные вопросам русского военного и политического влияния в системе международных отношений на Балканах начала ХХ века. Делается вывод об особенностях данного идеологического проникновения панславистской концепции в ее взаимодействии с образом «малых» южнославянских народов в сознание подданных Российской империи, с мифом о «братьях-славянах», об актуальной политической обстановке, в которой находилась Россия. The article traces the influence of the ideology of Pan-Slavism on the interaction of major and minor countries in the Balkans in the early 20th century. Pan-Slavism is treated as a social and political philosophy which originated in the 19th century to become a versatile and heterogeneous concept, which is differently interpreted by different theoreticians. The article focuses on Russian Pan-Slavism as a variety of this philosophy typical of social and political discourse of the late Russian Empire. The article highlights the great influence exerted upon Russian Pan-Slavism by the following factors: Russian objectives in the Balkans, the idea of Slavic fraternity, the popularity of Slavophilism in Russia at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries. The article analyzes the process of gradual penetration of Pan-Slavic ideas shared by late Slavophiles, V. I. Lamansky in particular, into official texts (plans, reports, analytical notes) issued by the General Headquarters of the Russian Empire in the early 20th century and devoted to the discussion of Russian military and political influence on the system of international relations in the Balkans in the early 20th century. The author focuses on the peculiarities of the Pan-Slavic penetration and the image of Southern Slavs in the Russian Empire. The author also focuses on the idea of Slavic fraternity and the political situation in Russia.

scholarly journals Turkestan in the Russian Empire (The second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Gofforov Shokir Safarovich1 ◽  
Tursunova Gavhar
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Good Basis ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The Russian rulers seeker to establish the  military-political supremacy of the Russian Empire in Turkestan and begun the mass migration of orthodox population who could be the reliable support to the Russian army in the area. The immigrants were settled in privileged conditions that served as the good basis for the establishment of colonial rules of governing. The have envisaged the plan of transforming the territory of Turkestan to the comfortable military-strategik base.

Transition of the Rusins of Austria-Hungary to the bosom of Orthodoxy in the end of 19th - beginning of 20th century: Lost perspective for Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
Vadim Mikhailov ◽  
Konstantin Losev
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Church Policy

The article is devoted to the issue of Church policy in relation to the Rusyn population of Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire. In the second half of the 19th century, the policy of the Austro-Hungarian administration towards the Rusyn Uniate population of the Empire underwent changes. Russia’s victories in the wars of 1849 and 1877-1878 aroused the desire of the educated part of the Rusyns to return to the bosom of the Orthodox Church. Nevertheless, even during the World War I, when the Russian army captured part of the territories inhabited by Rusyns, the military and officials of the Russian Empire were too cautious about the issue of converting Uniates to Orthodoxy, which had obvious negative consequences both for the Rusyns, who were forced to choose a Ukrainophile orientation to protect their national and cultural identity, and for the future of Russia as the leader of the Slavic and Orthodox world.

scholarly journals Agrarian reforms of Russia at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries in the coverage of economists of the XX century

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
I. K. Shcherbakova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Agrarian Reforms ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Parts

The article analyses the features of the development of agriculture in Russia at the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century. The paper studies and considers attempts to solve the agrarian issue in the specified period. The study considers the course and results of the reform of 1861, as well as economic reforms of the beginning of the 20th century. The author gives an assessment of these reforms, as well as the situation of the peasantry made by the leading economists of that time: N.D. Kondrat'ev, S.L. Maslov, A.V. Peshekhonov, A.V. Chayanov, and also analyses the measures aimed at alleviating the situation of the peasantry and solving the agrarian problems of that period. The research paper also presents a comparative analysis of the consequences of the 1861 reform, its impact on the solution of the agrarian issue in different parts of the Russian Empire, in particular in Poland after the Polish Uprising of 1863.

scholarly journals Activities of Military Topographers in Western Siberia in Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Russian Empire in 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 360-374
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Igumnov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
River Channels ◽  
The North ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The activities of military topographers in Western Siberia to provide cartographic information on the foreign and domestic policies of the Russian Empire in Central Asia and Siberia in the 19th century are considered in the article. The role of information in the formation of the Russian Empire is emphasized. The contribution of the state to the organization of the study of the Asian regions of Russia and neighboring countries is noted. The establishment of the military topographic service in Western Siberia can be traced taking into account data on administrative transformations in the Siberian region, and on changes in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire. The participation of military topographers in determining and designating the state border with China is described in detail. The question of the role of military topographers in the scientific study of China and Mongolia is raised. The significance of the activities of military topographers for the policy of the Russian Empire on the socio-economic development of Siberia and the north-eastern part of the territory of modern Kazakhstan is revealed. The contribution of topographers to the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway, the design of river channels and new land routes is revealed. A large amount of literary sources, materials on the work of military topographers of Western Siberia, published in “Notes of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff” is used in the article.

“Now they are in Tambov in real mourning”: the anti-Semitic campaign of 1909–1912 in the Tambov Governorate

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
Vladimir А. Lovtsov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Music School ◽  
The Russian Empire

We examine the purpose, reasons and course of the anti-Semitic campaign of 1909–1912 in the Tambov Governorate, raised by the governor N.P. Muratov. On the basis of archival and memoir sources, the conflict between N.P. Muratov and the director of the Tambov music school S.M. Starikov is reconstructed, the main reason for which was the anti-Semitic views of the Tambov governor. The practices and approaches used by N.P. Muratov in the implementation of discriminatory legislation and his views in the context of their prevalence in the governor’s corps of the period under study are considered. The relevance of the research topic is associated with the need for a clearer understanding of the mechanisms and principles of interaction between the pro-vincial government and society in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century. It is concluded that, despite the discriminatory legislation against Jews in force in the Russian Empire, N.P. Mura-tov could not deprive S.M. Starikov of his post thanks to the support provided to him by the Im-perial Russian Musical Society. At the same time, the anti-Semitic views of N.P. Muratov do not reflect the views of the entire governor corps of this period or the officials of the Russian Empire as a whole.

Adats and Rituals Related to Blood Feuds the Peoples of Mountainous Dagestan (19th — Early 20th Century)

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Gimbatova Madina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Reconstruction ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Legal Consequences

The article is devoted to one of the most common, and currently almost disappeared custom of blood feud. The authors aim to characterize the adats and rituals associated with blood feuds among the peoples of mountainous Dagestan in the 19th — early 20th century. The research is based on historical-comparative, historical-typological methods and the principle of historical-cultural reconstruction. The chronological framework of the study covers the 19th — early 20th century. This is the period of legal pluralism in Dagestan, when the norms of customary law (adats), Sharia and the laws of the Russian Empire were in force in the mountains.The reasons for the occurrence of blood feuds, adats regulating the legal consequences of murder, as well as the rites of reconciliation of blood relatives are identified and investigated. It is established that in Dagestan, due to the specific features of the socio-economic and political system, such types of criminal punishment as deprivation of liberty, execution, corporal and degrading measures of influence did not arise for the murder of a person. The results of the study can be used by employees of education and culture to familiarize the younger generation with the legal experience of their ancestors.

Czechs and Slovaks in the Russian Empire (last third of the 19th century – early 20th century)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena P. Serapionova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The book deals with the historical contacts of Czech, Slovak and Russian peoples, the beginning of mass Czech and Slovak relocation to Russia, Russian official policy towards settlers. The author marks the main centers of their residence, pauses in detail on public organizations created by them, ties with the historical homeland, their participation in the Slavic movement. Special attention is paid to the prominent representatives of the compatriots. The monograph analyzes the social, professional composition of the Czech and Slovak diasporas, evaluates their contribution to the economic and cultural development of Russia. It is based on documents published and identified in the archives of Russia, Czech and Slovak republics, printing masters, memories and literature on the topic. The book is intended for specialists in the history of Russia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, as well as all those interested in the ties of the peoples of the three countries.

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