scholarly journals Methods for modeling tumor growth in mice in experimental studies of human gastric cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
A. A. Kiblitskaya ◽  
T. S. Karasev ◽  
A. S. Goncharova ◽  
A. Yu. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Experimental Therapy ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Human Gastric Cancer ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Pdx Models

Gastric cancer (GC) is a group of malignant tumors originating from the gastric mucosa cells. The highest incidence of GC is recorded in Japan, China and Russia, and the lowest one in the USA and New Zealand. Extensive molecular genetic research of GC has revealed its heterogeneity associated with the genomic instability of the tumor and the complexity of its phenotype due to simultaneous changes in several oncogenes and suppressors. This was the basis for the creation of the GC classification by molecular subtypes. The creation of a realistic preclinical model is essential for translational GC studies. Cancer cell lines and xenografts derived from them are among the most common preclinical models. They are easy to generate, but they also have limitations, since these models cannot sufficiently reproduce the unique characteristics of each cancer patient. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are currently the best model for testing targets and predictors of response to therapy. PDX models are created by transplanting surgically resected human tumors into immunodeficient mice. These models maintain morphological similarity and replicate the molecular characteristics of parental tumors providing an indispensable tool for assessing anticancer drug response. Statistical data from preclinical studies with PDX models can significantly save the time and resources required for clinical trials. Transgenic and knockout mouse models are also widely used in scientific laboratories in order to study specific genetic pathways of oncogenesis and develop experimental therapy for GC. This review discusses the molecular classifications of GC and experimental murine models that reproduce cancer in situ and are a universal platform for preclinical research in experimental oncology.

scholarly journals Identification of an Immune Gene-Associated Prognostic Signature and its Association with A Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Guan ◽  
Zhi-Yuan Xu ◽  
Runzhe Chen ◽  
Jiangjiang Qin ◽  
Xiang-Dong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Prognostic Signature ◽  
Immune Signature ◽  
Gene Sets

Abstract Background: The immune response plays a critical role in gastric cancer (GC) initiation, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. A better understanding of the tumor-immune system interactions in GC may provide promising diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for patients with this disease. In the present study, we aimed to identify a prognostic signature of GC through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis on the tumor-immune interactions as well as the molecular characteristics. Methods: We employed the single sample Gene Sets Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) to define immune-related subtypes, used Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) to evaluate the content of tumor and stroma, and utilized Cell type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) to assess the immune cell type infiltration. We also investigated the complicated biological functions and regulatory networks of these subtypes using Gene Sets Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Next, we developed a risk model using Lasso Cox regression and verified it via the external validation set. Finally, we systematically correlated the immune signature with GC clinicopathologic features and genomic characteristics. Results: We observed two immune subgroups depending on the activity and level of immune cell in GC patients. We also identified a six-immune-gene signature as a promising independent prognostic biomarker for GC. A nomogram was constructed based on the immune signature and clinical characteristics and showed high potential for GC prognosis prediction. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis distinguishing patients with distinct prognosis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.779 for 5 years.Conclusions: Our work supports the clinical significance of this immune gene-associated signature for predicting the prognosis of GC patients. This study also shed light on the treatment strategies for GC patients from the perspective of immunology.

scholarly journals An Organoid-Based Preclinical Model of Human Gastric Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina G. Steele ◽  
Jayati Chakrabarti ◽  
Jiang Wang ◽  
Jacek Biesiada ◽  
Loryn Holokai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Human Gastric Cancer

Ultrastructural Cytochemical Study of Human Gastric Cancer: Observation of AKP ase,ACP ase,G6P ase,TPP ase and CO ase

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
Dong Yuming ◽  
Yang Guanglin ◽  
Du Wei Dong ◽  
Xu Ai Liam
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Human Gastric Cancer ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Cytochemistry ◽  
Cytochemical Reaction ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cancer Tissues ◽  
Cytochemical Technique

The activities and distributions of AKPase ,ACPase,G6Pase,TPPase and COase in human normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissues were studied histochemically at light microscopic level. These enzymes are the marker enzymes of cell membrane lysosome endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondrion objectively. On the basis of the research we set up a special ultrastructural cytochemical technique and first researched into gastric cancer domesticly. Ultrastructural cytochemistry is also called electron microscopic cytochemistry. This new technique possesses both the sensitivity of cytochemical reaction andi the high resolution of electron microscope. It is characterized by direct observation,exact localization and the combination morphology with function.The distributions of AKPase,ACPase,G6Pase,TPPase and COase in 14 cases of gastric cancer and 1 case of gastric Denign lesion were studied ultrastructurally. The results showed: 1. normal gastric epithelium had no AKPase reaction. The reaction of ACPase,G6Pase,TPPase and Coase were found in the corresponding organella, which were consistent with their function.

Comparative Study of Highly Pathogenic Avian Infl uenza Strains Isolated in Ukraine in 2005 and 2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
A. Gerilovych ◽  
B. Stegniy ◽  
A. Stegniy ◽  
M. Stegniy ◽  
K. Smietanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pathogenic H5n1

Objective. To research the molecular characteristics of two HPAI strains – A/Ch/Syvash/02/05/H5N1 and A/Ch/Krasnogvardeysk/58/08/H5N1, which were identifi ed as representatives of the highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses. Methods. RNA extraction, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. The phylogenetic studies revealed that the above mentioned strains belong to two various genetic lineages originated from the Eastern European strains isolated in 2005, but differ from the viruses introduced to the Central and Western Europe in 2005/2006, and also the lineages consisting of H5N1 viruses isolated in the Europe and Middle East in late 2007. Conclusions. Relying on experimental studies, it can be concluded that the strains of A/Ch/Syvash/02/05/H5N1 and A/Ch/Krasnogvardeysk/58/08/H5N1 are highly pathogenic.

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