Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy; Signs, Diagnosis, and Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Keyword(s):  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Current Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy ◽  
Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy

Pachychoroid (ancient Greek pachy: thick) means thick choroid. Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE) has been recently defined as a forme fruste of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Its characteristic findings are pachychoroid phenotype, a variety of RPE abnormalities, absence of subretinal fluid, and absence of a history of subretinal fluid. PPE may progress to CSC or pachychoroid neovasculopathy. The aim of the current review is to provide an overview of signs, diagnosis, and management of PPE.

scholarly journals The implications of subretinal fluid in pachychoroid neovasculopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geun Woo Lee ◽  
Hyeon Cheol Roh ◽  
Se Woong Kang ◽  
A. Young Kim ◽  
Hoon Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy ◽  
Choroidal Vasculopathy ◽  
Epidemiological Parameters

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and longitudinal changes in exudative pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) and non-exudative PNV. This retrospective cohort study involved 81 eyes of PNV diagnosed by multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography angiography. At baseline, they were divided into exudative PNV group and non-exudative PNV group depending on the presence of subretinal fluid. The clinical features of both groups and the longitudinal changes were investigated and compared. There were 55 eyes with non-exudative PNV and 26 eyes with exudative PNV. Individuals with non-exudative PNV were older, more frequently asymptomatic and had a higher prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in the opposite eye (all P’s < 0.05). Whereas individuals with exudative PNV showed thicker choroid and more frequent history of central serous chorioretinopathy (all P’s < 0.001). During about 12 months of longitudinal observation, the transformation into polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy was noted in 4 eyes of non-exudative PNV group, whereas in none of the exudative PNV group. Exudative PNV and non-exudative PNV seem to be separate entities with different epidemiological parameters. Non-exudative PNV, which is frequently found without symptoms at an older age, is suspected to be the significant precursor lesion of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. In contrast, exudative PNV may share the same pathophysiology as central serous chorioretinopathy.

Overview and Classification of Pachycoroid Spectrum Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Keyword(s):  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Focal Choroidal Excavation ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Choroidal Vasculopathy ◽  
Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy

Pachychoroid spectrum has been defined recently and the diseases of this spectrum share some common choroidal features. The aim of the current review is to provide an overview of characteristic features and classification of pachychoroid spectrum including uncomplicated pachychoroid, pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polipoidal choroidal vasculopathy, peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, and focal choroidal excavation.

Epidemiology, Prevalence And Incidence in Pachychoroid Disease Spectrum

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-91
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Focal Choroidal Excavation ◽  
Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Pathogenic Process ◽  
Choroidal Vasculopathy ◽  
Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy

Pachychoroid is a relatively novel concept describing a phenotype characterized by increased choroidal thickening, pathologically dilated veins in the Haller’s layer (pachy-veins), thinning in Sattler’s and choriocapillaris layers. The spectrum comprises the following disease groups: Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy, Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy, Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy, Focal choroidal excavation, Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome. These conditions all exhibit the characteristic choroidal alterations and are believed to represent different manifestations of a common pathogenic process. The aim of this review is to exhibit the epidemiology, risk factors, incidence and prevalence of the pachychoroid diseases respectively.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Management of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Ammar Fardhana ◽  
AK Ansyori ◽  
Ramzi Amin
Keyword(s):  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Laser Photocoagulation ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Macular Area ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fundus Photo

Introduction. Abnormalities in the macula is a very significant disorder. One abnormality that can be found is central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). This case report aims to explain the diagnosis and management of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Case presentation. A 32-year-old man, a soldier, came for treatment at hospital on May 2017. Anamnesis of major complaints right eye blurred since, 1 week before hospitalization. From the investigations, in the right eye, the armsler grid examination showed an impression of metamorphopsia. On examination of the fundus photo, an impression of macular area edema with a clear border is obtained. OCT examination revealed that there was elevation of neuroretina tissue in the macula. This patient was managed by laser photocoagulation at the point of leakage of subretinal fluid. Conclusion. The diagnosis of central serous chorioretinopathy is made through history taking, ophthalmological examination, and supporting examinations of armsler grid, photo fundus, OCT and FFA. Laser photocoagulation can be performed, especially in cases of persistent, chronic, recurrent, or occupational needs.

scholarly journals Pachychorioidealis kórképek

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (20) ◽  
pp. 770-781
Author(s):  
Róbert Gergely ◽  
Mónika Ecsedy ◽  
Illés Kovács ◽  
András Papp ◽  
Miklós Resch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Micropulse Laser ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy

Összefoglaló. Célunk, hogy közleményünkben összefoglaljuk a pachychorioidealis kórképekkel kapcsolatos ismereteket egy-egy saját esettel illusztrálva. Az irodalmi adatok és a saját klinikai tapasztalatok alapján összegeztük a pachychorioidealis kórképekkel kapcsolatos ismereteinket, az alcsoportok kezelési lehetőségeiről összefoglaló folyamatábrát készítettünk. A pachychorioidealis kórképekbe a következő betegségek tartoznak: centrális serosus chorioretinopathia (CSCR), pachychorioidealis pigmentepitheliopathia (PPE), pachychorioidealis neovasculopathia (PNV), polypoid chorioidealis vasculopathia (PCV), peripapillaris pachychorioidealis syndroma (PPS), focalis chorioideaexcavatio (FCE). A pachychorioidealis kórképek közös jellemzője a chorioidea kvantitatív vagy kvalitatív eltérései, melyekhez gyakran subretinalis folyadékgyülem társul. A betegségcsoportnak jelenleg nincs standard kezelési protokollja; a többféle kezelési mód közül néhány hatékonyabbnak bizonyul, az alcsoportok között azonban lényeges különbségek mutatkoznak. Összegezzük, hogy melyik alcsoportban érdemes eplerenonetablettás kezeléssel, mikropulzuslézer-kezeléssel, verteporfinos fotodinámiás kezeléssel (PDT) vagy intravitrealis anti-VEGF-injekciós kezeléssel kezdeni. Orv Hetil. 2020; 162(20): 770–781. Summary. The aim of this study is to present our knowledge about pachychoroid diseases using case reports, literature review and our own clinical experiences. A summary flow chart of treatment options for the subgroups was prepared, too. Pachychoroid diseases include the following: central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS), focal choroidal excavation (FCE). A common feature of pachychoroid diseases is the quantitative or qualitative abnormality of the choroidea, which is often associated with subretinal fluid accumulation. The disease group does not currently have a standard treatment protocol; some of the multiple treatments prove to be more effective, however, there are significant differences between the subgroups. We summarize which subgroup benefits from eplerenone tablet therapy, micropulse laser therapy, verteporfin photodynamic therapy or intravitreal anti-VEGF injection therapy. Orv Hetil. 2020; 162(20): 770–781.

Exogenous Testosterone Use and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Yicheng Chen ◽  
Bradley T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Male Population ◽  
General Male Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Practice Patient

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in the setting of exogenous testosterone use. Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with a history of exogenous testosterone use and a diagnosis of CSCR at a large retina practice. Patient charts were reviewed for vision, clinical examination, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) results at each visit. Results: Four hundred eighty patients with a diagnosis of CSCR were identified, of which 7 patients had a history of exogenous testosterone use (1.46%). Of all, 0 of 7 patients reported any other steroid use. Ages ranged from 36 to 55 (mean, 46.57), and all were male. Only the right eye was involved in all 7 patients. Testosterone was discontinued in only 1 of the 7 patients. Six of the 7 patients had a visual acuity of 20/40 or better at last follow-up (range, 20/20-4/200). Three (43%) of the 7 had resolution of subretinal fluid at their last visit. The most common formulation of testosterone was for intramuscular injection. Conclusions: Exogenous testosterone use was reported in 1.46% of patients with CSCR compared to 0.8% in the general male population. The majority of patients in this study recovered 20/40 or better vision and 43% had resolution of subretinal fluid on OCT, suggesting a generally favorable prognosis for CSCR in the setting of testosterone supplementation.

scholarly journals Short-Term Outcomes of Cataract Surgery in Patients with a History of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jeon Young Joon ◽  
Jae Hui Kim ◽  
Jong Woo Kim ◽  
Chul Gu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Central Foveal Thickness ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with a history of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods. This retrospective study included 26 patients with a history of CSC who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) measured before the surgery were compared with those obtained at mean 3.6 months after the surgery. BCVA outcome was also analyzed in eyes with and without subretinal fluid (SRF). Results. The mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution BCVA significantly improved from 0.52 ± 0.40 before the surgery to 0.21 ± 0.30 one month after the surgery and 0.20 ± 0.31 at 3.6 months after the surgery ( P < 0.001 ). The mean CFT was 281.2 ± 84.2 μm before the surgery, 301.5 ± 90.7 μm one month after the surgery, and 279.9 ± 83.6 μm at 3.6 months after the surgery. The CFT before surgery was not different from those measured at 3 months ( P = 0.253 ). Significant improvement in BCVA at 3.6 months was noted in the SRF group (N = 12, P = 0.003 ) and the non-SRF group (N = 14, P = 0.001 ). CSC recurrence was noted in 2 patients in the non-SRF group. Conclusions. Significant improvement in visual acuity was noted after cataract surgery in patients with a history of idiopathic CSC, without a risk of aggravation of CSC in most patients.

The Experience of Poetry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Attridge
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
English Renaissance ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The question this book addresses is whether, in addition to its other roles, poetry—or a cultural practice we now call poetry—has, across the two-and-a-half millennia from the composition of the Homeric epics to the publication of Ben Jonson’s Works and the death of Shakespeare in 1616, continuously afforded the pleasurable experience we identify with the crafting of language into memorable and moving rhythmic forms. Parts I and II examine the evidence for the performance of the Iliad and the Odyssey and of Ancient Greek lyric poetry, the impact of the invention of writing on Alexandrian verse, the performances of poetry that characterized Ancient Rome, and the private and public venues for poetic experience in Late Antiquity. Part III deals with medieval verse, exploring the oral traditions that spread across Europe in the vernacular languages, the importance of manuscript transmission, the shift from roll to codex and from papyrus to parchment, and the changing audiences for poetry. Part IV explores the achievements of the English Renaissance, from the manuscript verse of Henry VIII’s court to the anthologies and collections of the late Elizabethan period. Among the topics considered in this part are the advent of print, the experience of the solitary reader, the continuing significance of manuscript circulation, the presence of poet figures in pageants and progresses, and the appearance of poets on the Elizabethan stage. Tracking both continuity and change, the book offers a history of what, over these twenty-five centuries, it has meant to enjoy a poem.

scholarly journals One-year results of half-dose versus one-third-dose photodynamic therapy in chronic or recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirarattanasopa Pichai ◽  
Banchasakjaroen Vanchalerm ◽  
Ratanasukon Mansing
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Half Dose ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is characterized by an accumulation of subretinal fluid (SRF) in the macula. It is usually treated by laser photocoagulation or photodynamic therapy (PDT) with consisting of different doses and power. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of half-dose PDT and one-third-dose PDT in chronic or recurrent CSC. Methods A retrospective review of patients with chronic or recurrent CSC who were treated with either a half-dose or one-third-dose PDT, and had follow up 12 months afterwards. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT) and resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF) at baseline as well as 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-PDT were assessed. Results Forty-six eyes and 20 eyes received half-dose and one-third-dose PDT, respectively. The study showed efficacy of the one-third-dose PDT compared with half-dose PDT in BCVA improvement (0.10±0.04 logMAR for one-third-dose versus 0.17±0.04, for half-dose, P=0.148) and CRT improvement (125.6±24.6 μm for one-third-dose versus 139.1±16.54, for half-dose, P=0.933) at 12 months. The SRF recurrence rate was significantly higher in the one-third-dose PDT group compared with the half-dose PDT group (40.0% versus 15.2%, P=0.027) at 12-months. Conclusion At 12 months, the one-third-dose PDT was effective in terms of BCVA and CRT improvement, when compared with half-dose PDT. However, this study showed that one-third-dose PDT had a higher recurrence rate of SRF.

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