scholarly journals Pachychorioidealis kórképek

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (20) ◽  
pp. 770-781
Author(s):  
Róbert Gergely ◽  
Mónika Ecsedy ◽  
Illés Kovács ◽  
András Papp ◽  
Miklós Resch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Micropulse Laser ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy

Összefoglaló. Célunk, hogy közleményünkben összefoglaljuk a pachychorioidealis kórképekkel kapcsolatos ismereteket egy-egy saját esettel illusztrálva. Az irodalmi adatok és a saját klinikai tapasztalatok alapján összegeztük a pachychorioidealis kórképekkel kapcsolatos ismereteinket, az alcsoportok kezelési lehetőségeiről összefoglaló folyamatábrát készítettünk. A pachychorioidealis kórképekbe a következő betegségek tartoznak: centrális serosus chorioretinopathia (CSCR), pachychorioidealis pigmentepitheliopathia (PPE), pachychorioidealis neovasculopathia (PNV), polypoid chorioidealis vasculopathia (PCV), peripapillaris pachychorioidealis syndroma (PPS), focalis chorioideaexcavatio (FCE). A pachychorioidealis kórképek közös jellemzője a chorioidea kvantitatív vagy kvalitatív eltérései, melyekhez gyakran subretinalis folyadékgyülem társul. A betegségcsoportnak jelenleg nincs standard kezelési protokollja; a többféle kezelési mód közül néhány hatékonyabbnak bizonyul, az alcsoportok között azonban lényeges különbségek mutatkoznak. Összegezzük, hogy melyik alcsoportban érdemes eplerenonetablettás kezeléssel, mikropulzuslézer-kezeléssel, verteporfinos fotodinámiás kezeléssel (PDT) vagy intravitrealis anti-VEGF-injekciós kezeléssel kezdeni. Orv Hetil. 2020; 162(20): 770–781. Summary. The aim of this study is to present our knowledge about pachychoroid diseases using case reports, literature review and our own clinical experiences. A summary flow chart of treatment options for the subgroups was prepared, too. Pachychoroid diseases include the following: central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS), focal choroidal excavation (FCE). A common feature of pachychoroid diseases is the quantitative or qualitative abnormality of the choroidea, which is often associated with subretinal fluid accumulation. The disease group does not currently have a standard treatment protocol; some of the multiple treatments prove to be more effective, however, there are significant differences between the subgroups. We summarize which subgroup benefits from eplerenone tablet therapy, micropulse laser therapy, verteporfin photodynamic therapy or intravitreal anti-VEGF injection therapy. Orv Hetil. 2020; 162(20): 770–781.

scholarly journals Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy Disguising as Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated by Spironolactone and Anti-VEGF Combination Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Leonie F. Keidel ◽  
Benedikt Schworm ◽  
Siegfried G. Priglinger ◽  
Jakob Siedlecki
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Therapeutic Concepts ◽  
Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy

Nonresponse of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy can often be attributed to misdiagnosis, and pathologies mimicking AMD might require different therapeutic concepts. In the following, we want to outline a case of presumed nAMD which revealed to be pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) and was successfully treated by the addition of spironolactone. A 67-year-old female patient was referred for nonresponse of nAMD on her left eye after 29 intravitreal injections of aflibercept with no complete resolution of subretinal fluid. On fundoscopy, both maculae presented with pigment epithelium alterations, while the left eye showed subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography (OCT) with an associated pigment epithelium detachment, which revealed to contain a neovascular network on OCT angiography. There was faint leakage on fluorescence (FAG) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and some focal vascular dilation of the neovascular network on ICGA. Due to the absence of Drusen on any eye, a thick choroid, and the presence of a gravitational tract on blue autofluorescence (BAF), chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with a choroidal neovascularization, defined as PNV in the pachychoroid disease was diagnosed. Upon the addition of spironolactone to anti-VEGF treatment, choroidal thickness significantly decreased, and subretinal fluid resolution was observed and maintained for the first time. In conclusion, PNV should be ruled out in cases of presumed nAMD nonresponding to anti-VEGF. In these cases, a combination therapy of anti-VEGF and mineralocorticoid antagonists can facilitate fluid resorption.

scholarly journals Surgical management of rectal foreign bodies: a 10-year single-center experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Kokemohr ◽  
Lars Haeder ◽  
Fabian Joachim Frömling ◽  
Peter Landwehr ◽  
Joachim Jähne
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Standardized Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Analgesia

AbstractBackground:Patients with a rectal foreign body (RFB) are still a rare entity in general surgery departments but with an increasing incidence over the last years. This case is sometimes difficult to treat, and due to a lack of standardized treatment options, the aim of the study was to present our clinical experiences with the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to RFBs and a review of the currently available literature.Materials and methods:Data were collected retrospectively from the patient’s records of 20 patients who were treated due to an RFB between 2006 and 2016. Patient’s demographics, circumstances of insertion, inserted objects, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging results, as well as surgical treatment and duration of hospital stay were analyzed. Additionally, a review of the literature was performed with the search items “rectal foreign body” and “surgical therapy”. Because many publications were just case reports, we did not perform a meta-analysis or a systematic review.Results:Twenty-two cases in 20 patients (80% male) presented to the emergency room. The mean age was 38.5±13.7 years. In 68.2% of the cases, the cause of RFB was due to sexual preferences. The following objects were inserted: six dildos, three vibrators, two bottles, one glass, one deodorant, one apple, one fever thermometer, multiple glass fragments and razor blades in one patient and six unknown objects. For 18 RFBs, manual peranal removal without anesthesia was possible in the emergency room, but two patients required intravenous analgesia. Two patients were transferred to the operating room and the foreign body was removed via the anus under general anesthesia. Open surgery with a laparotomy was necessary for two complicated cases. One patient was in need of surgery due to a vacuum generated by the RFB, whereas the second patient suffered from a sigmoid perforation. In all cases, there was no morbidity or mortality.Conclusion:In most cases, the removal of an RFB can be performed peranally in the emergency room without further complications, therefore representing the therapy of choice for RFB. Only in cases with perforation, acute abdomen, or failed peranal approaches, surgery is indicated to remove the foreign body.

Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy; Signs, Diagnosis, and Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Keyword(s):  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Current Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy ◽  
Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy

Pachychoroid (ancient Greek pachy: thick) means thick choroid. Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE) has been recently defined as a forme fruste of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Its characteristic findings are pachychoroid phenotype, a variety of RPE abnormalities, absence of subretinal fluid, and absence of a history of subretinal fluid. PPE may progress to CSC or pachychoroid neovasculopathy. The aim of the current review is to provide an overview of signs, diagnosis, and management of PPE.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Treatment Challenges of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3807
Author(s):  
Pierangela Sepe ◽  
Arianna Ottini ◽  
Chiara Carlotta Pircher ◽  
Andrea Franza ◽  
Melanie Claps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Mtor Inhibitors ◽  
Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Clear Cell Rcc

Non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCC) comprise several rare and poorly described diseases, often characterized by bad prognosis and with no standard treatments available. The gap in their clinical management is linked to the poor molecular characterization in handling the treatment of non clear-cell RCC with untailored therapies. Due to their rarity, non-clear RCC are in fact under-represented in prospective randomized trials. Thus, treatment choices are based on extrapolating results from clear cell RCC trials, retrospective data, or case reports. Over the last two decades, various options have been considered as the mainstay for the treatment of metastatic RCC (mRCC), including angiogenesis inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), as well as MET inhibitors and mammalian targeting of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. More recently, the therapeutic armamentarium has been enriched with immunotherapy, alone or in combination with targeted agents that have been shown to significantly improve outcomes of mRCC patients, if compared to TKI single-agent. It has been widely proven that non-clear cell RCC is a morphologically and clinically distinct entity from its clear cell counterpart but more knowledge about its biology is certainly needed. Histology-specific collaborative trials are in fact now emerging to investigate different treatments for non-clear cell RCC. This review summarizes pathogenetic mechanisms of non-clear cell RCC, the evolution of treatment paradigms over the last few decades, with a focus on immunotherapy-based trials, and future potential treatment options.

scholarly journals Squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum in HIV: two case reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff John ◽  
Ken Kesner ◽  
John Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Punch Biopsy ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
T1 N0 M0

Abstract Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the scrotum was the first malignancy known to be associated with exposure to an occupational carcinogen—in this case, soot trapped in the breeches of chimney sweeps. Better civil rules and regulations and the replacement of hearths with other forms of heating have rendered SCC of the scrotum a rarity. We report two cases of scrotal SCC with vastly differing clinical presentations and management. Case presentation Case 1 had T1 N0 M0 disease and presented with a small (< 2 cm), innocuous-looking, non-healing ulcer of eight years duration. A punch biopsy revealed a superficially invasive SCC confirmed on immunohistochemical profiling. A wide local excision of the lesion was subsequently performed. Follow-up at three years showed no signs of recurrence. Case 2 presented with T4 N1 M1 disease and rapidly progressing locally destructive mass. A punch biopsy of the scrotal lesion confirmed invasive moderately differentiated focally keratinising SCC. The metastatic evaluation confirmed the presence of metastatic, extensive para-aortic lymphadenopathy. He was managed with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy. Conclusion Early detection and management of patients with SCC of the scrotum are essential. If the diagnosis is delayed, treatment options become limited, and the prognosis is poor. Notwithstanding the rarity of this disease, multicentre trials are needed to provide more precise guidelines as to the optimal management of these patients.

scholarly journals Role of the Pharmacist in Managing Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Focus on Ketamine

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Linda Xing Yu Liu ◽  
Marina Golts ◽  
Virginia Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Transitions Of Care ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
The Impact

The impact of depression is well described in the literature, and it is most prominent in patients who have trialed multiple treatments. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is particularly debilitating, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite this, there seems to be therapeutic inertia in adopting novel therapies in current practice. Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist and anesthetic agent which has recently been shown to be effective in the management of TRD when administered intravenously or intranasally. The treatments, however, are not easily accessible due to restrictions in prescribing and dispensing, high costs, and the slow uptake of evidence-based practice involving ketamine within the Canadian healthcare system. Given the limited treatment options for TRD, novel approaches should be considered and adopted into practice, and facilitated by a multi-disciplinary approach. Pharmacists play a critical role in ensuring access to quality care. This includes dissemination of evidence supporting pharmacological treatments and facilitating translation into current practice. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to collaborate with prescribers and assess novel treatment options, such as ketamine, address modifiable barriers to treatment, and triage access to medications during transitions of care. Extending the reach of these novel psychiatric treatments in both tertiary and primary care settings creates an emerging role for pharmacists in the collaborative effort to better manage treatment-resistant depression.

scholarly journals Management of Amelogenesis Imperfecta in Childhood: Two Case Reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7204
Author(s):  
Mirja Möhn ◽  
Julia Camilla Bulski ◽  
Norbert Krämer ◽  
Alexander Rahman ◽  
Nelly Schulz-Weidner
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Masticatory System

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is defined as an interruption of enamel formation due to genetic inheritance. To prevent malfunction of the masticatory system and an unaesthetic appearance, various treatment options are described. While restoration with a compomer in the anterior region and stainless steel crowns in the posterior region is recommended for deciduous dentition, the challenges when treating such structural defects in mixed or permanent dentition are changing teeth and growing jaw, allowing only temporary restoration. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate oral rehabilitation from mixed to permanent dentition. The dentition of a 7-year-old patient with AI type I and a 12-year-old patient with AI type II was restored under general anesthesia to improve their poor aesthetics and increase vertical dimension, which are related to problems with self-confidence and reduced oral health quality of life. These two cases show the complexity of dental care for structural anomalies of genetic origin and the challenges in rehabilitating the different phases of dentition.

scholarly journals Successful endovascular stenting of a bleeding external iliac vein mycotic aneurysm in an oncologic patient: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupal S. Parikh ◽  
Shiyi Li ◽  
Christopher Shackles ◽  
Tamim Khaddash
Keyword(s):  
Mycotic Aneurysm ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Iliac Vein ◽  
Pelvic Abscess ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Endovascular Stenting ◽  
Oncologic Patient ◽  
External Iliac Vein ◽  
Effective Option

Abstract Background Mycotic aneurysms are rare vascular lesions, occurring in 0.6–2% of arterial aneurysms but with no reported venous cases. Venous aneurysms unrelated to an underlying infectious process have been previously described and are typically surgically repaired due to risk of thromboembolic events. Case presentation This case reports a bleeding external iliac vein mycotic aneurysm secondary to erosion of a chronic pelvic abscess, successfully treated with endovascular stenting, in an oncologic patient without alternative therapeutic options. Conclusion Venous aneurysms are uncommon vascular lesions which have historically been treated with open surgical repair. Given the lower degree of procedural morbidity, endovascular management of these lesions may be an effective option in the appropriate setting, particularly as a last resort in patients without surgical treatment options.

scholarly journals The implications of subretinal fluid in pachychoroid neovasculopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geun Woo Lee ◽  
Hyeon Cheol Roh ◽  
Se Woong Kang ◽  
A. Young Kim ◽  
Hoon Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy ◽  
Choroidal Vasculopathy ◽  
Epidemiological Parameters

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and longitudinal changes in exudative pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) and non-exudative PNV. This retrospective cohort study involved 81 eyes of PNV diagnosed by multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography angiography. At baseline, they were divided into exudative PNV group and non-exudative PNV group depending on the presence of subretinal fluid. The clinical features of both groups and the longitudinal changes were investigated and compared. There were 55 eyes with non-exudative PNV and 26 eyes with exudative PNV. Individuals with non-exudative PNV were older, more frequently asymptomatic and had a higher prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in the opposite eye (all P’s < 0.05). Whereas individuals with exudative PNV showed thicker choroid and more frequent history of central serous chorioretinopathy (all P’s < 0.001). During about 12 months of longitudinal observation, the transformation into polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy was noted in 4 eyes of non-exudative PNV group, whereas in none of the exudative PNV group. Exudative PNV and non-exudative PNV seem to be separate entities with different epidemiological parameters. Non-exudative PNV, which is frequently found without symptoms at an older age, is suspected to be the significant precursor lesion of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. In contrast, exudative PNV may share the same pathophysiology as central serous chorioretinopathy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document