scholarly journals Taking a crack at the dome: histopathology of a pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) frontoparietal dome

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-270
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Dyer ◽  
Aaron R.H. LeBlanc ◽  
Michael R. Doschak ◽  
Philip J. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Multiple Impacts ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Woven Bone ◽  
Traumatic Lesions ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Conventional Ct ◽  
Secondary Osteons

Recent studies have identified numerous pathologies in the cranial domes of pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs. These studies utilized CT images of domes to identify secondary woven bone and sclerosis associated with the pathologies. These features were critical for diagnosing post-traumatic osteomyelitis, which supported the head-butting behaviour hypothesis. However, conventional CT image resolution may not be sufficient to identify secondary woven bone or sclerotic bone in fossil specimens. UALVP 8504 (cf. Foraminacephale brevis), a dome possessing putative bone lesions, was thin-sectioned and micro-CT scanned. Thin sections revealed the lesions are lytic, without any secondary woven bone or sclerosis, falsifying the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. The morphology and histology of the lesions of UALVP 8504 are not diagnostic and resemble both post-traumatic and non-traumatic lesions.  However, UALVP 8504 possesses shifted vascular canals (repositioning via remodeling, which maintains anatomical position throughout ontogeny) that are decoupled from growth (), and drifting osteons (secondary osteons where resorption occurs longitudinally and transversely). These demonstrate that the dome has sustained external mechanical loading, likely resulting from an impact or multiple impacts, consistent with the head-butting hypothesis. These impacts may have damaged overlying soft tissues and formed the lesions along the surface. Therefore, we suspect that the pathologies in UALVP 8504 are post-traumatic.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Dual-Layer Spectral CT Using Electron Density Images to Detect Post-Traumatic Prevertebral Hematoma of the Cervical Spine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Sedaghat ◽  
Patrick Langguth ◽  
Naomi Larsen ◽  
Graeme Campbell ◽  
Marcus Both ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Conventional Ct

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value of dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT) in detecting posttraumatic prevertebral hematoma of the cervical spine by including electron density images. Methods 38 patients with post-traumatic imaging of the cervical spine were included in this study and received both SDCT and MRI examinations. MRI was set as the reference and combined conventional/electron density (C + ED) images were compared to conventional CT (CCT) images alone. Results A total of 18 prevertebral hematomas were identified. Reader 1 identified 14 of 18 and reader 2 15 of 18 prevertebral hematomas by using C + ED reconstructions. Readers 1 and 2 detected 6 and 9 of 18 hematomas on CCT, respectively. CCT showed a sensitivity of 33–50 % and a specificity of 75–80 %, while for C + ED reconstructed images the sensitivity was 77–83 % and the specificity was 85–90 %. Accuracy increased from 55–66 % to 84 % by using C + ED images. The minimum thickness for detecting hematoma on C + ED images was 3 mm. The sizes of prevertebral hematoma on CCT/C + ED were not significantly under- or overestimated compared to the MRI reference. There was a significant difference between the two readers for measuring hematoma sizes on CCT (p = 0.04). Readers showed an excellent inter-rater reliability (kappa = 0.82) for C + ED images and a moderative inter-rater reliability (kappa = 0.44) for CCT. Conclusion With SDCT, the diagnostic accuracy for detecting post-traumatic prevertebral hematoma is improved by using combined conventional and electron density reconstructions compared to conventional images alone. Key Points:  Citation Format

scholarly journals Role of magnetic resonance imaging in ankle sprains

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-445
Author(s):  
Nawroz Othman ◽  
Salwa AL-Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Results

Background and objective: Musculoskeletal injuries frequently occur in the ankle in both the athletic and general population. Ankle sprains are among the most frequent types of ankle injuries, which are conventionally diagnosed through clinical examinations. However, magnetic resonance imaging can provide a more precise diagnosis, leading to better injury management and prevention of consequent chronic complications. The present study aimed to examine the significance of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting and assessing changes that occur in ligaments and soft tissues in patients with ankle sprains. Methods: In a prospective study, 50 patients with ankle sprain referred to Rizgary and Erbil Teaching hospitals in Erbil city, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, from March 2018 to April 2019, were included in the study. They underwent clinical evaluation and MRI (GE general electric 1.5 Tesla). Two expert radiologists analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging images, and the results were compared. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 through descriptive statistics. Results: Most patients (64%) belonged to the age groups of 30-49 years old. Most of them (64%) were males. Most events of ankle sprain (66%) were because of sports and accidents. The clinical evaluation proved 82% of the ankle sprains. Regarding the laterality of the lesions, 60% were spotted in the right ankles and 40% in the left. According to magnetic resonance imaging results, both radiologists diagnosed that the ankle sprains included bone lesions, ligament injury, tendon injury, and effusion. There was an agreement of ≥ 96% between the two radiologists in this regard. The two radiologists were not significantly different in terms of diagnosing the ligament side. As reported by the radiologists based on the magnetic resonance imaging images, the anterior, lateral, and medial tendons were normal in most cases. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging is a vitally important tool that can be utilized reliably and accurately to diagnose and evaluate changes in ligaments and soft tissues in patients with ankle sprains. Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Ankle sprain; Ligaments; Injuries.

scholarly journals ENT trauma in children: causes, frequency and characteristics in different periods of childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Radtsig ◽  
◽  
M. M. Evsikova ◽  
M. A. Varavina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
External Nose ◽  
Post Traumatic

Numerous injuries (and their treatment) have been encountered since the very beginning of the development of human civilization and remain one of the most significant problems in our time, since the frequency of injuries in general (and of ENT organs in particular) does not tend to decrease either in children or adults. ENT injuries are in fourth place in terms of emergency appeal rates. The most common injury to the maxillofacial area is a fracture of the skeleton of the nose. The article presents data on the frequency of occurrence of this pathology and describes the features of the causes that caused it in different periods of childhood, presents an algorithm for managing patients. The role of homeopathic arnica-containing remedies (Arnigel®) in the conservative treatment of reactive post-traumatic events from the soft tissues of the external nose is shown.

Management of recurrent post-traumatic seroma of thigh (Morel-Lavallée lesion) by percutaneous aspiration and sclerotherapy using tetracyclines (PAST)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e238804
Author(s):  
Arunesh Gupta ◽  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
Apurva Agarwal ◽  
Aneesh Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Serous Fluid ◽  
Percutaneous Aspiration ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Open Debridement ◽  
Definitive Management

Morel-Lavallée lesion is a chronic, recurrent collection of serous fluid in the soft tissues and usually occurs following injury. The most common sites are thigh, hip and pelvic region. This presents as a local or diffuse swelling and may cause discomfort to the patient besides being a potential site for bacterial contamination. So, early diagnosis and timely management is crucial for an early and successful outcome. The investigation modality of choice for diagnosis of these lesions is MRI. Definitive management ranges from percutaneous aspiration with or without sclerotherapy to open debridement and irrigation. Although recurrences are common with conservative management, it can be minimised with judicious use of sclerotherapy.

Post-Traumatic Lesions of the Brachial Plexus

1973 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALPH LUSSKIN ◽  
JAMES B. CAMPBELL ◽  
WALTER A. L. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Traumatic Lesions ◽  
Post Traumatic

Combination Chemiotherapy with 5-(3,3 dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC; NSC-45388), 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU; NSC-409962) and Vincristine (VCR; NSC - 67574) in Metastatic Malignant Melanoma

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Beretta ◽  
Emilio Bajetta ◽  
Gianni Bonadonna ◽  
Gabriele Tancini ◽  
Sergio Orefice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Males And Females

The toxic and therapeutic effects obtained with a triple drug combination (BCNU, DTIC and VCR) administered in a cyclic fashion to 41 unselected evaluable patients with metastatic malignant melanoma are reported. Side effects were moderate and reversible. The overall regression rate was 44% without difference between males and females. Partial remission (> 50%) plus complete remission was 19.5% with an average duration of 5.1 months (1–20+). With the exclusion of bone lesions, all types of metastases showed regression especially those located in the soft tissues (lymph nodes and skin). The actuarial analysis of survival shows that responders live twice as long as non responders (median survival 12 months versus 6 months). However, the superior therapeutic efficacy of BCNU + DTIC + VCR over DTIC alone in metastatic melanoma remains to be demonstrated. A controlled study with different triple combinations is now in progress.

scholarly journals A Generalized Method for the Analysis of Planar Biaxial Mechanical Data Using Tethered Testing Configurations

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Zhang ◽  
Yuan Feng ◽  
Chung-Hao Lee ◽  
Kristen L. Billiar ◽  
Michael S. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tensor ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Specimen Geometry ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Biaxial Test ◽  
Cauchy Stress ◽  
Cauchy Stress Tensor ◽  
Thin Sections

Simulation of the mechanical behavior of soft tissues is critical for many physiological and medical device applications. Accurate mechanical test data is crucial for both obtaining the form and robust parameter determination of the constitutive model. For incompressible soft tissues that are either membranes or thin sections, planar biaxial mechanical testing configurations can provide much information about the anisotropic stress–strain behavior. However, the analysis of soft biological tissue planar biaxial mechanical test data can be complicated by in-plane shear, tissue heterogeneities, and inelastic changes in specimen geometry that commonly occur during testing. These inelastic effects, without appropriate corrections, alter the stress-traction mapping and violates equilibrium so that the stress tensor is incorrectly determined. To overcome these problems, we presented an analytical method to determine the Cauchy stress tensor from the experimentally derived tractions for tethered testing configurations. We accounted for the measured testing geometry and compensate for run-time inelastic effects by enforcing equilibrium using small rigid body rotations. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we simulated complete planar biaxial test configurations that incorporated actual device mechanisms, specimen geometry, and heterogeneous tissue fibrous structure using a finite element (FE) model. We determined that our method corrected the errors in the equilibrium of momentum and correctly estimated the Cauchy stress tensor. We also noted that since stress is applied primarily over a subregion bounded by the tethers, an adjustment to the effective specimen dimensions is required to correct the magnitude of the stresses. Simulations of various tether placements demonstrated that typical tether placements used in the current experimental setups will produce accurate stress tensor estimates. Overall, our method provides an improved and relatively straightforward method of calculating the resulting stresses for planar biaxial experiments for tethered configurations, which is especially useful for specimens that undergo large shear and exhibit substantial inelastic effects.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Defects And Face Deformations: Features Of Diagnostics And Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Iftikhor Obidjonovich Nigmatov ◽  
◽  
Shukhrat Abdujalilovich Boymuradov ◽  
Jamolbek Abdukakhkhorovich Djuraev ◽  
Yusupov Shokhrukh Shukhratovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Craniocerebral Trauma ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Multiple Fractures ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post Traumatic

The high growth of injuries, the absence in the country of a unified approach to the treatment of victims with pathology of the bones of the face and skull leads to a sharp increase in the number of patients with post-traumatic deformities, defects, often to their disability and death. This problem has recently acquired the greatest importance in connection with the increase in the number of victims in areas of natural disasters and road traffic accidents. Severe multiple fractures of the bones of the middle zone of the facial skeleton, accompanied by craniocerebral trauma of varying degrees, bleeding and liquorrhea, are often outwardly unnoticeable, since they are hidden by pronounced edema, hemorrhages in soft tissues, and can only be determined with a targeted specialized examination. These types of examinations and the provision of specialized medical care are possible only in multidisciplinary centers. Therefore, these types of injuries are not always diagnosed in a timely manner, especially in severely injured with the presence of pronounced injuries of other localizations.

scholarly journals Correlation between Clinical Tests and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Finding in Diagnosis of Chronic Ulnar-sided Wrist Pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Islam Talaat Khalil Attia ◽  
Ali Mahmoud Emran ◽  
Elhafez Abd Elgafez Megahed ◽  
Mamdouh Fouad Lashin
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Finding ◽  
Wrist Pain ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Tissue Structures

Background: Ulnar-sided wrist pain is a common cause of upper- extremity disability. Presentation can vary from acute traumatic injuries to chronic degenerative conditions. Carful clinical examination should be done, there are some provocative tests for some pathologies which induce pain when the patient has the specific pathology for the test. MRI of the wrist is often challenging because the components of the wrist have complex anatomy of bone and soft tissues, with ligaments and cartilage which are small sized structures measuring millimeters. MRI is a one of advanced imaging techniques that play an important role in evaluating the wrist and is a useful examination modality because of its multiplanar, multisequence capability and its excellent resolution of soft tissue structures. MRI is particularly advantageous for assessing occult bone lesions and soft tissue structures around the wrist such as cartilages, tendons, ligaments and nerves. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the role and accuracy of clinical tests and MRI in diagnosis of chronic ulnar-sided wrist pain causes. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective study and was conducted on a 50 adult patients complaining from chronic ulnar side wrist pain. They were attended to Orthopedic Department of Tanta University Hospitals over a period of 6 months starting from November 2019 till May 2020. Results: MRI gave positive finding in most of patients (92%), while negative in about (8%) of cases, this means that there are some pathologies need more investigations to be diagnosed. Most of Clinical tests also gave a help in diagnosis of the cause of the pain especially ulnocarpal stress test, fovea sign test, ECU synergy test and piano key test which by statistics showed significant results but LT ballottement test had insignificant results so LTL pathology can't be diagnosed by clinical tests only but needs more investigations as MRI. So some pathologies can be diagnosed clinically as ECU tenosynovitis, but other pathologies need more investigations like MRI like LTL tear, also some pathologies need more investigations. Conclusion: Most of clinical tests give significant results in diagnosis of chronic ulnar-sided wrist pain except for some pathologies like LTL tear needs more investigations, also MRI has important role and gives significant results in diagnosis.

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