scholarly journals Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) from Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago: New occurrences in extreme environments and an island-level checklist of this group

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Grigory S. Potapov ◽  
Yulia S. Kolosova ◽  
Mikhail Y. Gofarov ◽  
Ivan N. Bolotov
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Coastal Marsh ◽  
Volcanic Lakes ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Marsh Site ◽  
Extreme Habitats ◽  
New Occurrences ◽  
Pantala Flavescens

Although the Odonata are common inhabitants of various extreme environments such as geothermal springs, brackish wetlands, mangroves, and volcanic lakes, the assemblages of this group associated with extreme habitats in Australasia are rather poorly known. Here, we combine museum collection data and published reports on Odonata from extreme habitats on Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago. The highly acidic Sano Nggoang Crater Lake (mean pH = 3.17) on Flores houses seven species as follows: Agriocnemis pygmaea, Xiphiagrion cyanomelas (Coenagrionidae), Neurothemis ramburii, Orthetrum pruinosum pruinosum, O. sabina, O. testaceum soembanum (Libellulidae), and Anax gibbosulus (Aeshnidae). A coastal marsh site with slightly brackish water on Flores harbors at least five dragonfly species as follows: Diplacodes trivialis, Neurothemis intermedia excelsa, N. terminata, Pantala flavescens, and Rhyothemis phyllis ixias (Libellulidae). The migratory dragonfly Pantala flavescens was a single species recorded on the waterless Kanawa Island near the western edge of Flores. Our findings suggest that extreme habitats in eastern Indonesia primarily colonized by widespread generalist Odonata species. Finally, an updated checklist of Odonata species recorded from Flores Island was compiled. Our survey of museum specimens recovered two species not found on existing species lists for Flores: Neurothemis intermedia excelsa and Pantala flavescens.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton in extreme environments: importance and consequences of habitat permanency

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 848 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Padisák ◽  
Luigi Naselli-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Low Light ◽  
High Metal Content ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Characteristic Species ◽  
Compositional Diversity ◽  
Harsh Conditions

AbstractThere is hardly any sunshine exposed surface on this Earth, be it water or terrain, which would not support some biota. Still, many habitats offer harsh conditions requiring specialized physiological adaptations to survive. These environments are referred to as extremes; often inhabited by extremophilic organisms. In this review, characteristic species and assemblage properties of phytoplankton inhabiting extreme environments (especially lakes and pools where planktic life is potentially possible and independently of their origin) in terms of alkalinity, acidity, DOC, salinity, temperature, light and mixing regime will be outlined. Lakes characterized by more than a single extreme are common (e.g. saline + alkaline; acidic + high DOC + high metal content + low light). At the edge of extremes (e.g. pH of 1; salinity over ~ 100–150 g l−1) single species with appropriate physiological adaptation are selected and the phytoplankton is often dominated by a single species (monodominant) setting compositional diversity to zero. Under less extreme conditions permanent equilibria may persist; in many cases over several years in contrast to „average” lakes where equilibria are rare and ephemeral. Food webs depending on „extreme phytoplankton” are often atypical for example because the microbial loop is of prior importance or because birds are top predators.

scholarly journals Microbial diversity of extreme habitats in human homes

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Savage ◽  
Justin Hills ◽  
Katherine Driscoll ◽  
Daniel J. Fergus ◽  
Amy M. Grunden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Extremes ◽  
Extreme Habitats

High-throughput sequencing techniques have opened up the world of microbial diversity to scientists, and a flurry of studies in the most remote and extreme habitats on earth have begun to elucidate the key roles of microbes in ecosystems with extreme conditions. These same environmental extremes can also be found closer to humans, even in our homes. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing techniques to assess bacterial and archaeal diversity in the extreme environments inside human homes (e.g., dishwashers, hot water heaters, washing machine bleach reservoirs, etc.). We focused on habitats in the home with extreme temperature, pH, and chemical environmental conditions. We found a lower diversity of microbes in these extreme home environments compared to less extreme habitats in the home. However, we were nonetheless able to detect sequences from a relatively diverse array of bacteria and archaea. Habitats with extreme temperatures alone appeared to be able to support a greater diversity of microbes than habitats with extreme pH or extreme chemical environments alone. Microbial diversity was lowest when habitats had both extreme temperature and one of these other extremes. In habitats with both extreme temperatures and extreme pH, taxa with known associations with extreme conditions dominated. Our findings highlight the importance of examining interactive effects of multiple environmental extremes on microbial communities. Inasmuch as taxa from extreme environments can be both beneficial and harmful to humans, our findings also suggest future work to understand both the threats and opportunities posed by the life in these habitats.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Checklist of the Orchid Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) of Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo S. Padrón ◽  
David W. Roubik ◽  
Ruben P. Picón
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Southern Ecuador ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Doubtful Species ◽  
Uneven Sampling ◽  
Natural Pattern

A checklist of Euglossini in Ecuador is given, including all currently described, valid species collected until 2018. The list has been assembled from museum records, fieldwork cited herein, and literature. The former species lists are nearly doubled here, with 1 Aglae, 23 Eufriesea, 68 Euglossa, 18 Eulaema, and 5 Exaerete, 115 in total with >50 new records for the country. Distribution and collection data are included, and some doubtful species are discussed. The Amazon region is the most species rich area but not necessarily a natural pattern, perhaps due to uneven sampling effort across the country. Southern Ecuador is relatively little sampled.

scholarly journals Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: A Review

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Georg Gӓrtner ◽  
Maya Stoyneva-Gӓrtner ◽  
Blagoy Uzunov
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Algal Toxins ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Algal Assemblages ◽  
Extreme Habitats ◽  
Harsh Conditions

The review summarizes the available knowledge on toxins and their producers from rather disparate algal assemblages of aeroterrestrial, airborne and other versatile extreme environments (hot springs, deserts, ice, snow, caves, etc.) and on phycotoxins as contaminants of emergent concern in soil and plants. There is a growing body of evidence that algal toxins and their producers occur in all general types of extreme habitats, and cyanobacteria/cyanoprokaryotes dominate in most of them. Altogether, 55 toxigenic algal genera (47 cyanoprokaryotes) were enlisted, and our analysis showed that besides the “standard” toxins, routinely known from different waterbodies (microcystins, nodularins, anatoxins, saxitoxins, cylindrospermopsins, BMAA, etc.), they can produce some specific toxic compounds. Whether the toxic biomolecules are related with the harsh conditions on which algae have to thrive and what is their functional role may be answered by future studies. Therefore, we outline the gaps in knowledge and provide ideas for further research, considering, from one side, the health risk from phycotoxins on the background of the global warming and eutrophication and, from the other side, the current surge of interest which phycotoxins provoke due to their potential as novel compounds in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, bioremediation, agriculture and all aspects of biotechnological implications in human life.

scholarly journals Microbiome of a Reef-Building Coral Displays Signs of Acclimation to a Stressful Shallow Hydrothermal Vent Habitat

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia M. Reigel ◽  
David A. Paz-García ◽  
Michael E. Hellberg
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Extreme Habitats ◽  
Functional Profiles

Most tropical reef corals live at temperatures near 27°C and pH values near 8. Conditions outside of these can stress corals and lead to bleaching, disease, and death. However, some corals can survive in marginal or extreme habitats outside of these ranges. To date there is a paucity of knowledge about the role that associated microbes may play in the acclimation of corals to such extreme habitats. Here, we explore differences in the compositional and functional profile of the microbiomes of the scleractinian coral Porites panamensis living both on and off potentially stressful shallow-water hydrothermal vents. The environment near the vents is extreme, with temperatures exceeding 80°C and pH values below 6. Coral microbiomes under stress often exhibit increased diversity, increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria, and functional profiles that shift toward pathways associated with pathogenic taxa. Samples from along a transect that crossed an arc of hydrothermal vents were sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene (V4 region). On-vent coral microbiomes were distinct from those of off-vent corals, but did not have increased alpha or beta diversity. On-vent samples had a higher relative abundance of the beneficial endosymbiont, Endozoicomonas. On- and off-vent microbiomes did not differ in overall abundance of the endolithic green alga Ostreobium, however, a single ASV, close to O. quekettii was more abundant in on-vent corals. Ostreobium can provide many of the same benefits to corals as zooxanthellae and their symbiosis is better maintained under thermal stress. Surprisingly, on-vent coral microbiomes had fewer microbial taxa that are known to be pathogenic or associated with stress than did off-vent corals. The predicted functional profiles of on-vent microbiomes revealed enrichment of pathways related to aerobic respiration, fermentation and amino acid biosynthesis, but not of virulence-related pathways. Our results suggest that P. panamensis microbiomes have acclimated to the extreme environment of the hydrothermal vent habitat rather than showing signs of stress. These results exemplify the need to focus efforts on examining the mechanisms of resilience, including symbioses with microbiota, in corals living in extreme environments in an effort to design better management strategies for reef-building corals under thermal and pH stress.

scholarly journals Microbial diversity of extreme habitats in human homes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Savage ◽  
Justin Hills ◽  
Katherine Driscoll ◽  
Daniel J Fergus ◽  
Amy M Grunden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Extremes ◽  
Extreme Habitats

Background: High throughput sequencing techniques have opened up the world of microbial diversity to scientists, and a flurry of studies in the most remote and extreme habitats on earth have begun to elucidate the key roles of microbes in ecosystems with extreme conditions. These same environmental extremes can also be found closer to humans; in fact, they can be found in our homes. Here, we used high throughput sequencing techniques to assess microbial diversity in the extreme environments inside human homes (e.g. dishwashers, hot water heaters, washing machine bleach reservoirs, etc.). We focused on habitats in the home with extreme temperature, pH and chemical environmental conditions. Results: We found that although these habitats supported a lower diversity of microbes than less extreme habitats in the home, there were still diverse microbial assemblages in extreme home environments. Habitats with extreme temperatures alone appeared to be able to support a greater diversity of microbes than habitats with extreme pH or extreme chemical environments alone. Microbial diversity was lowest when habitats had both extreme temperature and one of these other extremes. This interactive effect was strongest when habitats had both extreme temperatures and extreme pH. Under these conditions, taxa with known associations with extreme conditions dominated. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of examining interactive effects of multiple environmental extremes on microbial communities. Inasmuch as taxa from extreme environments can be both pathogens and industrially useful, our findings also suggest future work to understand both the threats and opportunities posed by the life in these habitats.

scholarly journals Intra-annual variability and patchiness in living assemblages of salt-marsh foraminifera from Mill Rythe Creek, Chichester Harbour, England

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Swallow
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Coastal Marsh ◽  
Freshwater Input ◽  
Foraminiferal Assemblage ◽  
Atlantic Seaboard ◽  
Marsh Site ◽  
Sampling Regime ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Replicate Sampling

Abstract. The areas of coastal marsh studied in Mill Rythe Creek, Chichester Harbour, southern England, support a fluctuating foraminiferal assemblage which, although similar to those recorded in other parts of the UK and the Atlantic seaboard of North America, has its own distinctive assemblage of species. This is due to the constantly high salinity of the water here. Unusually, these marshes do not receive freshwater input from a nearby river and thus are not subject to tidal fluctuations in salinity.The mid-marsh Site 1 has a fauna consisting of typical marsh species, e.g., Jadammina macrescens, Trochammina inflata and Miliammina fusca. In addition, normal marine salinity allows Quinqueloculina oblonga to flourish and even dominate the fauna in most samples. The lower marsh Site 2 contains a typical marsh fauna dominated by hyaline forms. The dominance of Ammonia beccarii [aberdoveyensis] is most characteristic of the lower marsh, together with Haynesina germanica. The normal marine salinity of the marsh can again be confirmed by the high abundance of Quinqueloculina oblonga.The results of a replicate sampling regime employed in this study clearly demonstrate the patchy nature of the living foraminiferal distribution in marsh environments over small lateral distances as well as the high seasonal variability of foraminiferal abundances.

Fishes (Elasmobranchii and Actinopterygii) of Picãozinho reef, Northeastern Brazil, with notes on their conservation status

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1608 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLAN T. DE SOUZA ◽  
MARTINA DI IULIO ILARRI ◽  
PAULO ROBERTO DE MEDEIROS ◽  
RENATO GROTTA GREMPEL ◽  
RICARDO S. ROSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
New Occurrences ◽  
Northeastern Coast

Shallow reefs on the northeastern coast of Brazil are rich, productive and diverse environments, with great ecological and economical importance. Picãozinho is located 1,500 m off the coast of João Pessoa city, Paraíba state, NE Brazil. The aim of this work is to provide an updated list of the reef fishes of Picãozinho, based on a survey of approximately 350 hours of direct observation using free dive techniques, and complemented by collection data and other unpublished records. A total of 102 species of 43 families were recorded. Of these, 36 are new occurrences for the reef and seven are species that have been recently resurrected from synonymy, mainly with Caribbean species previously cited for Brazil.

New occurrences of squat lobsters of the genus Eumunida Smith, 1883 (Decapoda, Eumunididae) in New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea, with the description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4786 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-496
Author(s):  
ENRIQUE MACPHERSON ◽  
PAULA C. RODRÍGUEZ-FLORES ◽  
ANNIE MACHORDOM
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
A New Species ◽  
New Occurrences ◽  
Squat Lobsters

Examination of numerous specimens of squat lobsters of the genus Eumunida Smith, 1883 collected by French cruises along the coasts of New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea revealed the presence of six species, including a new species. The collection data of all of these species are recorded. The new species, E. turbulenta n. sp., is described and illustrated from New Caledonia and Chesterfield Islands. 

THE APPLICATION OF IN-SITU BURNING TO A LOUISIANA COASTAL MARSH FOLLOWING A HYDROCARBON PRODUCT SPILL: PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF SITE RECOVERY

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Pahl ◽  
Irving A. Mendelssohn ◽  
Thomas J. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Coastal Marsh ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Marsh Site ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
A Site

ABSTRACT The high degree of physical disturbance associated with conventional responses to oil spills in wetlands is driving the search for alternative cleanup methodologies. In March 1995, in southwestern Louisiana, a spill of gas condensate product into a brackish marsh at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge was removed by in-situ burning. A monitoring program was established to examine the recovery of the marsh site. Three treatments were examined: (1) condensate-impacted and burned, (2) condensate-impacted and unburned, and (3) a reference that was neither exposed to the condensate nor burned. In March, July, and October 1995, vegetation plots were analyzed for biomass and stem density. Permanent quadrats were surveyed in July and October for total and species-specific percent cover. Although vegetation recovery was apparent 7 months after the burn, the burn treatment resulted in significantly lower biomass and stem density compared with both unburned treatments. In addition, burning led to conditions that favored initial recolonization by the sedge Scirpus robustus in a site previously dominated by the grasses Distichilis spicata and Spartina patens. However, biomass and stem density data suggest that D. spicata is regaining dominance. On the basis of these initial results, observations made in 1996 at the study site, and previous research, it is expected that in-situ burning will be successful at this site.

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