Thermometry Measurements in Basic Oxygen Furnace by Applying Flame Emission Spectrum

The flame of basic oxygen furnace is the most important evident in the steel making process. This studies dividing the flame’s spectrum into two parts: the background spectrum and the characteristic atomic emission spectrum. Compared the figure of the characteristic atomic emission spectrum measured by spectrometer with the Gaussian function, the conclusion shows that the background spectrum could compensate the loss of the light intensity which due to the stimulated absorption of characteristic atomic. Based on the FES ( flame emission spectrometer) and spectrum in the BOF’s flame, the studies deduce a new relationship between the intensity of characteristic atomic spectrum and the temperature of the flame. The results indicates that the temperature measured by FES is inosculated to the temperature obtained by converter sublance comparatively.

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A New Spectral Analysis Technique Used in Converter Steelmaking BOF Endpoint Control

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.689 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 139-141 ◽

pp. 689-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ling Fei Xu ◽

Wu Sen Li ◽

Shi Xue Xu ◽

Jia Li ◽

Yong Qing Wang

Keyword(s):

Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽

Basic Oxygen ◽

Steel Making ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Flame Emission ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Endpoint Control ◽

Spectrum Distribution ◽

And Control ◽

Changing Process

This article introduces an arithmetic approach to establish an optical system aiming to eliminate the shortcomings in the steel making technique. The current basic oxygen furnace technique is flawed because the level of carbon content in the molten iron is estimated by the workers observation through experience. It is hard to compare, measure and control. The proposed model, on the other hand, is much more computable: relevant data is collected from spectrum distribution during the process of basic oxygen furnace. It predicts the end-point of BOF relatively accurate because spectrum is quantifiable, and the changing process of the furnace flame is essentially the changing process of the spectrum. In this model, we can measure the temperature of the molten steel by the Flame emission spectroscopy theory principle. Further more, the result of the experiment conducted based on the model shows that the model meets the requirements of endpoint judgment online.

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Synthesis and characterisation of alites from reduced basic oxygen furnace slags

Cement and Concrete Research ◽

10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106518 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

pp. 106518

Author(s):

Katharina Schraut ◽

Burkart Adamczyk ◽

Christian Adam ◽

Dietmar Stephan ◽

Birgit Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽

Basic Oxygen

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Time-Dependent Strength Behavior, Expansion, Microstructural Properties, and Environmental Impact of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag-Treated Marine-Dredged Clay in South Korea

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13095026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 5026

Author(s):

Gyeong-o Kang ◽

Jung-goo Kang ◽

Jin-young Kim ◽

Young-sang Kim

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

South Korea ◽

Mechanical Characteristics ◽

Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽

Microstructural Properties ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Basic Oxygen ◽

Strength Behavior ◽

Bof Slag

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical characteristics, microstructural properties, and environmental impact of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag-treated clay in South Korea. Mechanical characteristics were determined via the expansion, vane shear, and unconfined compression tests according to various curing times. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted to analyze microstructural properties. Furthermore, environmental impacts were evaluated by the leaching test and pH measurements. According to the results, at the early curing stage (within 15 h), the free lime (F-CaO) content of the BOF slag is a significant factor for developing the strength of the adopted sample. However, the particle size of the BOF slag influences the increase in the strength at subsequent curing times. It was inferred that the strength behavior of the sample exhibits three phases depending on various incremental strength ratios. The expansion magnitude of the adopted samples is influenced by the F-CaO content and also the particle size of the BOF slag. Regarding the microstructural properties, the presence of reticulation structures in the amorphous gels with intergrowths of rod-like ettringite formation was verified inside the sample. Finally, the pH values and heavy metal leachates of the samples were determined within the compatible ranges of the threshold effect levels in the marine sediments of the marine environment standard of the Republic of Korea.

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Component Modification of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag with C4AF as Target Mineral and Application

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126536 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6536

Author(s):

Yanrong Zhao ◽

Pengliang Sun ◽

Ping Chen ◽

Xiaomin Guan ◽

Yuanhao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Phase ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Activity Index ◽

Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽

Hydration Products ◽

Basic Oxygen ◽

Bof Slag ◽

Mineral Compositions ◽

Slag Component ◽

Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag

In this paper, a new method of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag component modification with a regulator was studied. The main mineral was designed as C4AF, C2S and C3S in modified BOF slag, and the batching method, mineral compositions, hydration rate, activation index and capability of resisting sulfate corrode also were studied. XRD, BEI and EDS were used to characterize the mineral formation, and SEM was used to study the morphology of hydration products. The results show that most inert phase in BOF slag can be converted into active minerals of C4AF and C2S through reasonable batching calculation and the amount of regulating agent. The formation of C4AF and C2S in modified BOF slag is better, and a small amount of MgO is embedded in the white intermediate phase, but C3S is not detected. With the increase in the CaO/SiO2 ratio in raw materials, the CaO/SiO2 ratio of calcium silicate minerals in modified BOF slag increases, the contents of f-CaO are less than 1.0%, and the activity index improves. Compared with the BOF slag, the activity index and exothermic rate of modified BOF slag improved obviously, and the activity index of 90 days is close to 100%. With the increase in modified BOF slag B cement, the flexural strength decrease; however, the capability of resisting sulfate corrode is improved due to the constant formation of a short rod-like shape ettringite in Na2SO4 solution and the improvement of the structure densification of the hydration products.

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Black box operation optimization of basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process with derivative free optimization algorithm

Computers & Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 150 ◽

pp. 107311

Author(s):

Yongxia Liu ◽

Lixin Tang ◽

Chang Liu ◽

Lijie Su ◽

Jian Wu

Keyword(s):

Optimization Algorithm ◽

Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽

Black Box ◽

Steelmaking Process ◽

Basic Oxygen ◽

Operation Optimization ◽

Derivative Free Optimization ◽

Derivative Free

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A model of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) end-point prediction based on spectrum information of the furnace flame with support vector machine (SVM)

Optik ◽

10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.04.018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 122 (7) ◽

pp. 594-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ling-fei Xu ◽

Wusen Li ◽

Meng Zhang ◽

Shi-xue Xu ◽

Jia Li

Keyword(s):

Support Vector Machine ◽

Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽

Support Vector ◽

Basic Oxygen ◽

End Point

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Simulated Experiment Study of Factors Influencing the Hydration Activity of f-CaO in Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2016/7529382 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ruiquan Jia ◽

Jiaxiang Liu

Keyword(s):

Solid Solutions ◽

Volume Expansion ◽

Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽

Hydration Reaction ◽

Basic Oxygen ◽

Activity Sequence ◽

Bof Slag ◽

Iron Phase ◽

Calcium Iron ◽

Iron Manganese

The compositions and formation process of f-CaO in BOF slag were revealed and simulated to understand its expansion rules and why its hydration activity is low. BSE showed the compositions of f-CaO, which included calcium iron phase and calcium iron manganese phase, were diverse. The hydration activity sequence was Ca2Fe2O5 and Ca3Fe1.5Mn1.5O8 in tricomponent f-CaO < CaO in tricomponent f-CaO < monocomponent f-CaO; only Ca2Fe2O5 and Ca3Fe1.5Mn1.5O8 were hard to hydrate, and the volume expansion rates of the tricomponent f-CaO varied with different compositions. Inductively, in BOF slag, the hydration activity sequence was solid solutions CaO-FeOx and CaO-FeOx-MnOy in tricomponent f-CaO < CaO in tricomponent f-CaO < monocomponent f-CaO; the volume expansion rates of tricomponent f-CaO changed with different compositions, and CaO-FeOx and CaO-FeOx-MnOy were difficult to hydrate. The reason why solid solutions CaO-FeOx and CaO-FeOx-MnOy were hard to hydrate was that their hydration reaction driving force, which is the absolute value of standard molar reaction Gibbs functions, decreased.

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