scholarly journals Presumptive Identification of Candida spp. from Clinical Isolates and Anticandidal Effect of Essential Oils

YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
S S Khandare ◽  
◽  
A P Moon ◽  
M G Ingale ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Life Threatening

Candida is normal flora of human skin, mouth, vagina, colon and causes mycosis worldwide. Candida causes oral thrush, vaginitis and other potentially life-threatening diseases. This study assesses anticandidal potential of essential oils against Candida species isolated from clinical samples obtained from Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra. On the basis of morphological characterization on Sabouraud dextrose agar, CHROMagar, Germ tube test and biochemical characterization, Candida species identified as Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis. Clove, thyme, cinnamon and eucalyptus essential oils with concentrations of 6.2, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml were used to study their anticandidal activity. C. albicans demonstrated zone of inhibition (ZOI) 29, 20, 32, 29 mm, Candida krusei 25, 25, 30, 21 mm, Candida glabrata 24, 22, 31, 32mm,Candida parapsilosis 33,31,33, 29mm towards clove, thyme, cinnamon and eucalyptus oil (each at 100 μg/ml) respectively which are highest ZOI as compared with antifungal agent Amphotericin-B, which showed 16, 13, 12, 8 mm against C. albicans, C. krusei, C.glabrata and C. parapsilosis respectively. All Candida spp. produced biofilms and enzyme lipase. This study will facilitate the development of novel broad-spectrum key molecules against a range of Candida species.

scholarly journals Ação antifúngica de extratos e frações de Annona muricata L. sobre Candida spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e28010514938
Author(s):  
Kellyane Karen Ferreira Aguiar Cesar ◽  
Anny Karoline Rodrigues Batista ◽  
Luciana Rocha Paula ◽  
Reginara Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Francisco Laurindo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Candida Spp

Devido ao amplo potencial medicinal de Annona muricata, as pesquisas relacionadas às suas aplicações em diferentes áreas ligadas a saúde são de fundamental importância, principalmente no que se refere a microrganismos infecciosos com tendências a desenvolver mecanismos de resistência, que é o caso de algumas espécies do gênero Candida. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa tem como principal objetivo verificar a ação antifúngica de extratos metanólicos de Annona muricata sobre Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei e  Candida glabrata. Os órgãos utilizados para obtenção dos extratos metanólicos foram a folha e o fruto da Annona muricata. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram utilizadas cepas ATCC, que foram reativadas e cultivadas em Ágar Saboraud Dextrose. A determinação da atividade antifúngica dos extratos foi realizada pela técnica da difusão em ágar em poços. Na análise dos resultados, os valores de mensuração dos diâmetros dos halos indicaram uma ação mais significativa nos testes realizados com as espécies de C. krusei e C. albicans frente aos extratos brutos da folha e do fruto de A. muricata, com halo de 30mm e 22mm respectivamente. Em relação ao fracionamento químico realizado, os produtos obtidos a partir das frações butanólica e hexánica da folha sobre cepas de C. krusei, C. albicans e C. parapsilosis foram os que apresentaram resultados mais significativos. Dessa forma, comprovou-se que substancias presentes nesse vegetal podem ser utilizadas no controle cepas de Candida, contudo, estudos mais aprofundados são necessários para identificação e isolamento dos compostos biológicos ativos desses vegetais.

scholarly journals Speciation and antifungal susceptibility testing of candida species isolated from clinical samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Lokjan Singh ◽  
Sheetal U Harakuni ◽  
Bibek Basnet ◽  
Keshab Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Candida Kefyr ◽  
Candida Lusitaniae

Background: The importance of epidemiological monitoring of yeasts involved in pathogenic processes is unquestionable due to the increase in trend of infections caused by various species of Candida over the last decade; so are the changes observed in species causing Candidiasis and empirical antifungal treatment. Aims and Objective: To speciate the clinically isolated Candida species by phenotypic methods and to estimate the antifungal susceptibility of the isolated species against fluconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole by disc diffusion method. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 in the Department of Microbiology, J. N. Medical College, KAHER, Belagavi Karnataka. Ethical Clarence was obtained from institutional ethical committee J.N. Medical College. Results: Out of 59 Candida isolates, Candida tropicalis was the predominant species 41(69.49%), followed by Candida glabrata 5 (8.47%), Candida parapsilosis and Candida lusitaniae 4 (6.78%) respectively, Candidaguilliermondii and Candida kefyr 2 (3.39%) respectively and the least one was Candida krusei 1 (1.69%). Voriconazole showed the highest level of sensitivity whereas Itraconazole has shown the least sensitivity pattern by disk diffusion method. Out of 59 Candida species, 52 (88.13%) were sensitive to Voriconazole, 44 (74.57%) were sensitive to Fluconazole, 40 (67.79%) were sensitive to Ketoconazole and the least sensitivity was shown by Itraconazole 30 (50.84%). Candida krusei and Candida guilliermondii showed 100% sensitive to Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Ketoconazole and Itraconazole respectively. Conclusion: Non-albicans Candida species are being common isolates from cases of candidiasis. Candida tropicalis is the predominant isolate, followed by Candida glabrata, Candida lusitaniae, Candida parapsilosis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr and Candida krusei. Most of the isolates were sensitive to Voriconazole.

scholarly journals Antifungal Resistance Pattern of Candida Species Isolated from High Vaginal Swabs of Women Attending a Hospital in Enugu State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Joachim Ohiakwu Ezeadila ◽  
Ikechukwu Okoli ◽  
Christie Amaechi Oyeka
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern

There is an increase in non-albicans Candida (NAC) vulvovaginal candidiasis which is attributed to overuse of antifungal therapy and this has led to antifungal resistance. This study was aimed at determining the antifungal resistance pattern of some clinical isolates of Candida species. Eighty-eight (88) isolates were used which included Candida tropicalis (34), Candida Parapsilosis (21), Candida albicans (20), Candida krusei (7) and Candida glabrata (6). The drugs used were Fluconazole (25µg), Ketoconazole (10µg), Voriconazole (1µg), Nystatin (100Units), Amphotericin B (20µg), Flucytosine (1µg), Clotrimazole (10µg) and Itraconazole (50µg). The susceptibility testing was carried out using the M44-A standard method for yeast disk diffusion testing. Results showed that the percentages of Candida species resistant to Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Voriconazole, Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, Clotrimazole and Itraconazole and Nystatin were 52.3%, 61.9%, 35.2%, 19.3%, 86.4%, 34.1%,  45.5% and 44.3%,  with inhibition zone diameters ≤14mm, ≤20mm, ≤13mm, <10mm, ≤11mm, ≤11mm, ≤13mm and no inhibition zone diameter respectively. Candida krusei was the most resistant species with 100% resistance to each of Fluconazole, Ketoconazole and Flucytosine. Candida tropicalis was the species with the highest susceptibility (79.4%) to Amphotericin B followed by Candida parapsilosis with inhibition zone diameters ≥15mm. While Candida glabrata showed 100% resistance to each of Flucytosine and Itraconazole, Candida albicans showed 100% resistance to Flucytosine only. Candida glabrata was the only Candida species with 0% resistance to Amphotericin B. The drug to which most of the Candida species were susceptible was Amphotericin B followed by Voriconazole while Flucytosine was the drug with the highest resistance followed by Ketoconazole and Fluconazole. The highest number of susceptible-dose dependent Candida isolates was observed with Ketoconazole (25%), followed by Clotrimazole and Itraconazole, each recording 23.9%. Based on the findings of the present study, Voriconazole is recommended for vaginal candidiasis especially in the study area and also especially for infections caused by Fluconazole-resistant Candida species. This suggests that routine sensitivity testing is pertinent to guiding the choice of antifungal therapy. Thus, indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs should be avoided to reduce the development and spread of resistance.

scholarly journals Candidemia em um hospital terciário brasileiro: incidência, freqüência das diferentes espécies, fatores de risco e suscetibilidade aos antifúngicos

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Cesar Beenke França ◽  
Clea Elisa Lopes Ribeiro ◽  
Flávio de Queiroz-Telles
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Terapia Intensiva

São apresentados os resultados de estudo transversal e observacional sobre candidemia realizado no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. No período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2004, foram analisados 100 episódios de candidemia. A incidência foi de 1,27 por 1.000 internações, sendo Candida spp o oitavo agente mais isolado nas infecções da corrente sanguínea. A idade variou de 5 dias a 89 anos com uma média de 32 anos, 60% dos casos ocorreram em adultos (66% > 50 anos) e 40% em crianças (52% < 1 ano). Cinqüenta e nove pacientes estavam internados em enfermarias e 41 em unidade de terapia intensiva. Candida albicans foi a espécie mais (59%) freqüente, seguida por Candida tropicalis (15%), Candida parapsilosis (9%). As condições associadas mais (97%) freqüentes foram uso de antibióticos, cateter venoso central (77%), bloqueador H2 (57%), nutrição parenteral total (49%) internamento em unidade de terapia intensiva (41%). Dos 51 isolados testados, 3 de Candida glabrata apresentaram suscetibilidade dose-dependente ao fluconazol e eram resistentes ao itraconazol. Uma amostra de Candida krusei apresentou suscetibilidade dose-dependente ao fluconazol, e uma de Candida pelliculosa suscetibilidade dose-dependente ao itraconazol. Na população de estudo, 68% receberam tratamento antifúngico, no entanto a mortalidade foi de 56%.

Enhancement of the in vitro activity of amphotericin B against the biofilms of non-albicans Candida spp. by rifampicin and doxycycline

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Killing Activity

The in vitro activity of amphotericin B (AMB) alone and in combination with rifampicin (RIF) and doxycycline (DOX) was tested against the biofilms of 30 clinical isolates of non-albicans Candida (NAC) species namely, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata. The killing activity of AMB at 10×MIC was significantly increased in combination with either antibiotic. With RIF, the killing activity increased by 20.6, 23.5 and 14 % against the biofilms of C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. glabrata, respectively; with DOX, the killing activity increased by 30.64, 35.28 and 31.13 %, respectively. Pre-exposure of the isolates to the same combinations significantly reduced the number of colonized cells in the biofilms by 20, 25.14 and 13.07 % with RIF for C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. glabrata, respectively, and by 18.94, 24.52 and 29.15 % with DOX, respectively. The data showed that combination of RIF or DOX with AMB enhanced the killing activity of the antifungal agent against biofilms of NAC species. Whether such an effect operates against biofilm-associated infections needs to be clarified by further in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Mycological Study of Contaminated of the Burn Wounds in Baghdad City

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Muna Hamudi Al Jubori
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Trichophyton Verrucosum ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Trichophyton Terrestre ◽  
Anti Fungal

This study included 150 swabs were taken from patients was sufferingfrom different burns. The most common fungi isolated from burn wound wereAspergillus spp. (44.0%) at 37o and (38.17%) at 25o which include Aspergillusniger (9.31%) at 37o and (12.42%) at 25o , Aspergillus fumigatus (4.34%) at 37oand (10.55%) at 25o and Aspergillus flavus (0%) at 37o and (9.93%) at 25o ,followed by Candida spp. (7.45%) at 37o and (7.45%) at 25o, Which includesBlastomyces dermatitidis (0.62%) at 37o and (0.62%) at 25o, Helminthosporum(0%) at 37o and (0.62%) at 25o, Trichophyton terrestre (0%) at 37o and (0.62%)at 25o and Microsporum ajelloi (0%) at 37o and (0.62%) at 25o.The results ofminimal inhibitory concentration of anti fungal agents against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata , Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis, Penicillium(1.66%) at 37o and (9.31%) at 25o, Alternaria (1.24%) at 37o and (3.72%) at 25o,Rhizopus (1.24%) at 37o and (2.48%) at 25o, Fusarium (1.24%) at 37o and(1.24%) at 25o, Mucor (0.62%) at 37o and (1.86%) at 25o, CladosporiumCarnoni (0%) at 37o and (1.86%) at 25o, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.92%) at37o and (1.24%) at 25o, Trichophyton rubrum (0%) at 37o and (1.24%) at 25o,Trichophyton verrucosum (0.62%) at 37o and (0.62%) at 25o, Candida albicansincreasing in order as 50  g /ml to Nystatin, 150 g /ml to Gention violet, 250 g /ml to Amphotericin–B, 300 g /ml to Clotrimazol, 950 g /ml to Benzoicacid and the later 1000  g /ml to copper Sulfate and Malachite green.

scholarly journals Epidemiología de la candidemia y sensibilidad in vitro frente a azoles, anfotericina B y caspofungina en una institución de salud de Valledupar, Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 255-266
Author(s):  
Carmen A. Vides-Peña ◽  
Nalleth D. Bolaño-Ardila ◽  
Máryuris V. Vides-Peña ◽  
Susana B. Córdoba
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Candida Spp

Introducción: la candidemia es una enfermedad grave, con elevada morbi-mortalidad y cuyo tratamiento no siempre conduce a la cura. La distribución de especies de Candida y la sensibilidad antifúngica varía según el área geográfica, incluso entre centros de salud de una misma región. Objetivo: establecer la distribución de especies de Candida y su sensibilidad in vitro frente a diferentes antifúngicos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal entre noviembre de 2013 y mayo de 2014 de casos de candidemias en una institución de salud de Valledupar, Colombia. Las Concentraciones Inhibitorias Mínimas (CIM) se determinaron según el protocolo estándar M27-A3-S4. Resultados: Se estudiaron 40 aislados clínicos de Candida spp. obtenidos de sangre (97,5%) y médula ósea (2,5%). Del total, 15 (37,5%) fueron caracterizados como Candida tropicalis, 13 (32,5%) del Complejo Candida albicans, cinco (12,5%) del Complejo Candida glabrata, tres (7,5%) como Candida guilliermondii, tres (7,5%) del Complejo Candida parapsilosis y uno (2,5%) como Candida krusei. No se observó resistencia a la anfotericina B ni al voriconazol en ninguno de los aislados, pero sí al fluconazol en uno (6,6%) de Candida tropicalis y uno (33,3%) del Complejo Candida parapsilosis y a la caspofungina en el aislado de Candida krusei y en uno (20%) del Complejo Candida glabrata. Conclusiones: la epidemiología local de las levaduras causantes de candidemia mostró mayor prevalencia de especies no-albicans, entre las que se encontró resistencia a los antifúngicos evaluados, lo que es relevante para la elección e instauración de un tratamiento eficaz.

scholarly journals Síntese e avaliação de azoderivado de 2-fenilbenzoxazol como substrato fluorogênico na diferenciação de Candida spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Priscilla De Bastos Souza ◽  
Valeriano Antonio Corbellini
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Candida Famata ◽  
Ft Ir

Neste estudo foram sintetizados três derivados de 2-fenilbenzoxazol (2FBO) funcionalizados com a função azo: (2’-hidroxi-5’-fenilazofenil)benzoxazol (HFAZBO), 2-(2’-hidroxi-5’-(4’’-carboxi)fenilazofenil)benzoxazol (HFAZBO-CO2H) e 2-(2’-hidroxi-5’-(4’’-nitro)fenilazofenil)benzoxazol (HFAZBO-NO2).Os compostos foram utilizados como substratos fluorogênicos para agentes de infecção urinária, representantes de Candida spp., para explorar suas características metabólicas. A caracterização estrutural dos compostos foi realizada por meio de Espectroscopia de Absorção Molecular no Infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e por determinação da faixa de fusão. Os ensaios fluorogênicos foram realizados em espécies de Candida spp.: Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida famata RL38, Candida glabrata 06130L, Candida glabrata RL43, Candida glabrata 0030L, Candida guilliermondii TH07, Candida krusei ATCC 6258, Candida krusei 0037L, Candida parapsilosis (RL33), Candida parapsilosis (RL38), Candida stellatoidea (9875), Candida stellatoidea (3613), Candida tropicalis ATCC 750. Não foi observada alteração sob luz uv nas leveduras testadas. Do mesmo modo, o extrato obtido a partir das colônias não apresentou fluorescência sob luz uv. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário desenvolver novos estudos que avaliem a função metabólica de Candida spp. a partir da biotransformação levando a liberação de moléculas fluorescentes.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of SCY-078 and Standard Antifungal Agents against 178 Clinical Isolates of Resistant and Susceptible Candida Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiley A. Schell ◽  
A. M. Jones ◽  
Katyna Borroto-Esoda ◽  
Barbara D. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Resistance ◽  
Excellent Activity ◽  
Candida Lusitaniae

ABSTRACT SCY-078 in vitro activity was determined for 178 isolates of resistant or susceptible Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae, and Candida parapsilosis, including 44 Candida isolates with known genotypic (FKS1 or FKS2 mutations), phenotypic, or clinical resistance to echinocandins. Results were compared to those for anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, fluconazole, and voriconazole. SCY-078 was shown to have excellent activity against both wild-type isolates and echinocandin- and azole-resistant isolates of Candida species.

scholarly journals Probiotic Yeasts Inhibit Virulence of Non-albicans Candida Species

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lohith Kunyeit ◽  
Nawneet K. Kurrey ◽  
K. A. Anu-Appaiah ◽  
Reeta P. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Approach

ABSTRACT Systemic infections of Candida species pose a significant threat to public health. Toxicity associated with current therapies and emergence of resistant strains present major therapeutic challenges. Here, we report exploitation of the probiotic properties of two novel, food-derived yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain KTP) and Issatchenkia occidentalis (strain ApC), as an alternative approach to combat widespread opportunistic fungal infections. Both yeasts inhibit virulence traits such as adhesion, filamentation, and biofilm formation of several non-albicans Candida species, including Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, and Candida parapsilosis as well as the recently identified multidrug-resistant species Candida auris. They inhibit adhesion to abiotic surfaces as well as cultured colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, probiotic treatment blocks the formation of biofilms of individual non-albicans Candida strains as well as mixed-culture biofilms of each non-albicans Candida strain in combination with Candida albicans. The probiotic yeasts attenuated non-albicans Candida infections in a live animal. In vivo studies using Caenorhabditis elegans suggest that exposure to probiotic yeasts protects nematodes from infection with non-albicans Candida strains compared to worms that were not exposed to the probiotic yeasts. Furthermore, application of probiotic yeasts postinfection with non-albicans Candida alleviated pathogenic colonization of the nematode gut. The probiotic properties of these novel yeasts are better than or comparable to those of the commercially available probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii, which was used as a reference strain throughout this study. These results indicate that yeasts derived from food sources could serve as an effective alternative to antifungal therapy against emerging pathogenic Candida species. IMPORTANCE Non-albicans Candida-associated infections have emerged as a major risk factor in the hospitalized and immunecompromised patients. Besides, antifungal-associated complications occur more frequently with these non-albicans Candida species than with C. albicans. Therefore, as an alternative approach to combat these widespread non-albicans Candida-associated infections, here we showed the probiotic effect of two yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain KTP) and Issatchenkia occidentalis (ApC), in preventing adhesion and biofilm formation of five non-albicans Candida strains, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida auris. The result would influence the current trend of the conversion of conventional antimicrobial therapy into beneficial probiotic microbe-associated antimicrobial treatment.

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