scholarly journals Acute respiratory infections in children from an ENT perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
A. ZAMFIR-CHIRU-ANTON ◽  
◽  
N. MANEA ◽  
D.C. GHEORGHE ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Background. Adenoidectomy remains a frequent surgical approach for recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in children. We research if only age and collectivity are responsible for recurrences, or other anatomic conditions can account for the history of the patient. Design. Retrospective case series review. Material and method. Questionnaire about respiratory symptoms and correlations observed between the history of the patient and the presence or absence of short soft palate. Results. 102 children could provide enough data to be included in the study. Frequent URTI were observed in 30% of the affected children and only 16% of their normal peers. 41% of URTIs each persisted longer than 10 days in short soft palate children vs. 17% in normal patients. Broncho-pulmonary complications were encountered in 44% of children with short palate as opposed to 27% in others. Conclusions. Short velli palatini can disturb normal swallowing process and allow rhinopharyngeal chronic inflammation. That can lead to persistent recurrent URTIs, more probable chronic obstruction through the adenoids and other diseases in pediatric ENT practice.

scholarly journals Viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Macao: a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lei ◽  
Lisong Yang ◽  
Cheong Tat Lou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Kin Ian SiTou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the leading causes of hospitalization in children. Understanding the local dominant viral etiologies is important to inform infection control practices and clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the viral etiology and epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients in Macao. Methods A retrospective study using electronic health records between 2014 and 2017 at Kiang Wu Hospital was performed. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from hospitalized children aged 13 years or younger with respiratory tract diseases. xMAP multiplex assays were employed to detect respiratory agents including 10 respiratory viruses. Data were analyzed to describe the frequency and seasonality. Results Of the 4880 children enrolled in the study, 3767 (77.1%) were positive for at least one of the 13 viral pathogens tested, of which 2707 (55.5%) being male and 2635 (70.0%) under 2 years old. Among the positive results, there were 3091 (82.0%) single infections and 676 (18.0%) multiple infections. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV 27.4%), adenovirus (ADV, 15.8%), respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB, 7.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA, 7.8%). The detection of viral infection was the most prevalent in autumn (960/1176, 81.6%), followed by spring (1095/1406, 77.9%), winter (768/992, 77.4%), and summer (944/1306, 72.3%), with HRV/EV and ADV being most commonly detected throughout the 4 years of study period. The detection rate of viral infection was highest among ARI patients presented with croup (123/141, 87.2%), followed by lower respiratory tract infection (1924/2356, 81.7%) and upper respiratory tract infection (1720/2383, 72.2%). FluA, FluB and ADV were positive factors for upper respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, infection with RSVA, RSVB, PIV3, PIV4, HMPV, and EV/RHV were positively associated with lower respiratory tract infections; and PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3 were positively associated with croup. Conclusions This is the first study in Macao to determine the viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for ARIs. The study findings can contribute to the awareness of pathogen, appropriate preventative measure, accurate diagnosis, and proper clinical management of respiratory viral infections among children in Macao.

Medical Consultations After Typhoon Haiyan in a Field Hospital in the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Julita Gil Cuesta ◽  
Joris Adriaan Frank van Loenhout ◽  
Maria Lourdes de Lara Banquesio ◽  
Masniza Mustaffa ◽  
Debarati Guha-Sapir
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTIntroduction and Objectives:Typhoon Haiyan partially destroyed the Ormoc District Hospital in the Philippines. A field hospital was established to replace its outpatient department for 5 weeks. We investigated the reasons for medical consultation in the field hospital.Methods:We described the consultations by sex, age, week, and diagnosis according to the Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters system. We compared the number and proportion of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) with a control season in 2014.Results:We included 6785 consultations, 55.9% from women. The majority of consultations were communicable diseases (88.2%) followed by noncommunicable (7.1%) and injuries (5.6%). Males suffered more often from injuries than women (66.0% vs 34.0%). Consultations due to injuries decreased from 10.0% in the first to 2.9% in the last week. The most frequent diagnosis over the study period was acute respiratory infections (ARIs) (73.1%), of which 83.0% were children. The number of daily URTIs was higher than in a similar 2014 period.Conclusions:ARI was the most prevalent diagnosis. We recommend ARI treatments being fully accessible after such a disaster. During the first week, injury prevention should focus on adult men. Studies after natural disasters should include control periods to better understand disease distribution, ultimately improving the prioritization in disasters.

Bacterial Infections of the Adult Upper Respiratory Tract

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K Certain ◽  
Miriam B Barshak
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Upper respiratory tract infections are the most common maladies experienced by humankind.1 The majority are caused by respiratory viruses. A Dutch case-controlled study of primary care patients with acute respiratory tract infections found that viruses accounted for 58% of cases; rhinovirus was the most common (24%), followed by influenza virus type A (11%) and corona­viruses (7%). Group A streptococcus (GAS) was responsible for 11%, and 3% of patients had mixed infections. Potential pathogens were detected in 30% of control patients who were free of acute respiratory symptoms; rhinovirus was the most common.2 Given the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance and the increasing awareness of the importance of a healthy microbiome, antibiotic use for upper respiratory infections should be reserved for those patients with clear indications for treatment. A recent study of adult outpatient visits in the United States found that respiratory complaints accounted for 150 antibiotic prescriptions per 1,000 population annually, yet the expected “appropriate” rate would be 45.3 In other words, most antibiotic prescriptions for these complaints are unnecessary. Similarly, a study in the United Kingdom found that general practitioners prescribed antibiotics to about half of all patients presenting with an upper respiratory infection, even though most of these infections are viral.4 This review contains 5 figures, 16 tables, and 82 references. Keywords: infection, airway, sinusitis, otitis media, otitis externa, pharyngitis, epiglottitis, abscess

scholarly journals The snoring 2-year-old boy: a case of primary nasopharyngeal Burkitt’s lymphoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e233536
Author(s):  
Gerd Xuereb ◽  
Justine Borg ◽  
Kurt Apap ◽  
Charles Borg
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Burkitt’S Lymphoma ◽  
Burkitt's Lymphoma ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lymph Node Enlargement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Nose And Throat

Sporadic Burkitt’s lymphoma affecting the nasopharyngeal region is an extremely rare disease, especially in infants. We describe the case of a 2-year-old boy who presented to the ear, nose and throat department with a history of snoring, blood-stained rhinorrhoea and symptoms consistent with upper respiratory tract infections. Physical examination revealed massive cervical lymphadenopathy. MRI of the head and neck showed a mass lesion in the nasopharynx with bilateral lymph node enlargement. Debulking of the mass was performed and biopsies were sent for histology, which confirmed Burkitt’s lymphoma. The patient was treated with complex chemotherapy and had a good clinical response. The patient remains in remission after 6 years.

Antibiotic therapy of acute upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media in adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Paź ◽  
Magdalena Arimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

An estimated 50% of antibiotic prescriptions may be unjustified in the outpatient setting. Viruses are responsible for most acute respiratory tract infections. The viral infections are often self-limiting and only symptomatic treatment remains effective. Bacteria are involved in a small percentage of infections etiology in this area. In the case of a justified or documented suspicion of a bacterial infection, antibiotic therapy may be indicated. Based on the Polish „Recommendations for the management of non-hospital respiratory infections 2016”, the indications, the rules of choice, the appropriate dosing schedules and the therapy duration, in the most frequent upper respiratory tract infections in adults, have been presented. Implementation of the presented recommendations regarding our Polish epidemiological situation, will significantly reduce the tendency to abuse antibiotics, and thus will limit the spread of drug-resistant microorganisms.

scholarly journals Novel BTK mutation in X-linked agammaglobulinemia: Report of a 17-year-old male

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Zoha Shaka ◽  
Helia Mojtabavi ◽  
Elham Rayzan ◽  
Samaneh Zoghi ◽  
Sepideh Shahkarami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Rare Mutations ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Introduction and objectives: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), the first known primary immunodeficiency, is caused by rare mutations in Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene. Mutations in the BTK gene lead to a failure in the development and maturation of B-cell linage. A decreased number of B-cells results in agammaglobulinemia and increased susceptibility to a variety of infections. Therefore, patients with XLA usually manifest with repetitive bacterial infections, such as upper respiratory tract infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and urinary tract infections, since their infancy. Patients: We report a 17-year-old Iranian boy with XLA, referred to us with a history of severe and recurrent episodes of bacterial infections for a period of six years. Results: Genetic analysis using the whole Exome sequencing revealed a hemizygous missense mutation in the BTK gene (c.428 A > T, p.His143Leu). Conclusion: To our knowledge, c.428 A > T has not been reported in the BTK gene.

scholarly journals Migliorare la comunicazione in ambulatorio riduce la prescrizione degli antibiotici per le infezioni respiratorie: i risultati di un RCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gruppo di lettura di Parma
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Distance Training ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Improving communication in the office reduces the prescription of antibiotics for respiratory infections: the results of an RCT Effective communication with parents in the clinic can reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions in primary care for upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). In this American RCT with a gradual wedge of good methodological quality, the distance training program 'DIALOGUE AROUND RESPIRATORY ILLNESS TREATMENT' (DART QI), allows an overall reduction of 7% in the probability of prescribing antibiotics for URTI between the baseline period and post-surgery.

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