scholarly journals Antibiotic therapy for pediatric dental patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Alexandrina Muntean ◽  
◽  
Irina Lupse ◽  
Ioana-Andreea Chis ◽  
Mircea Ghergie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Paediatric Dentistry ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Short And Long Term

The oral pathologies in paediatric patients frequently require the recommendation of adjuvant medication. A lack of knowledge regarding well-defined prescription protocols has been observed in every day practice. The aim of this study was to revise and update the prescription of antibiotics according to the latest guidelines. We performed electronic research of selected databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, AAPD, from 2010-2020 in order to identify the most frequent antibiotics used in paediatric dentistry. The antibiotic resistance of bacteria, as well as the side effects that follow the prescription of antibiotics are reported to be in a continuous growth as a result of inadequate use. Prescription of medication, especially antibiotics in paediatric dentistry, must analyze both short and long-term side-effects.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES AND ANALGESICS IN PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Irina Lupșe ◽  
◽  
Alexandrina Muntean ◽  
Ioana-Andreea Chiș ◽  
Anca-Ioana Daniliuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Paediatric Dentistry ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Main Symptom ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Analgesics are used to reduce pain, which is the main symptom experienced in dental inflammatory pathologies. Painkillers are among the most used drugs in dentistry, along with anti-inflammatories and antibiotics. A lack of knowledge regarding well-defined prescription protocols has been observed. The aim of this study was to revise and update the prescription of anti-inflammatories and analgesics according to the latest guidelines. We performed electronic research of selected databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, AAPD, from 2010-2020, in order to identify the most frequent anti-inflammatories and analgesics used in paediatric dentistry. Approximately 25% of all adverse drug reactions are the consequences of treatments with anti-inflammatory drugs. This paper focuses on both the correct and wrong prescription of medication in paediatric dentistry, as well as on the short and long-term side-effects of this prescription.

scholarly journals Influences on Attitudes Regarding Potential COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall Pogue ◽  
Jamie L. Jensen ◽  
Carter K. Stancil ◽  
Daniel G. Ferguson ◽  
Savannah J. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, with the United States being highly affected. A vaccine provides the best hope for a permanent solution to controlling the pandemic. However, to be effective, a vaccine must be accepted and used by a large majority of the population. The aim of this study was to understand the attitudes towards and obstacles facing vaccination with a potential COVID-19 vaccine. To measure these attitudes a survey was administered to 316 respondents across the United States by a survey corporation. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships of several factors with attitudes toward potential COVID-19 vaccination. Prior vaccine usage and attitudes predicted attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Assessment of the severity of COVID-19 for the United States was also predictive. Approximately 68% of all respondents were supportive of being vaccinated for COVID-19, but side effects, efficacy and length of testing remained concerns. Longer testing, increased efficacy and development in the United States were significantly associated with increased vaccine acceptance. Messages promoting COVID-19 vaccination should seek to alleviate the concerns of those who are already vaccine-hesitant. Messaging directed at the benefits of vaccination for the United States as a country would address the second predictive factor. Enough time should be taken to allay concerns about both short- and long-term side effects before a vaccine is released.

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TOXICITY TESTING OF ORAL COMPOUNDS ADMINISTERED CONTINUOUSLY OR CYCLICALLY

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1_Suppla) ◽  
pp. S387-S408 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Overbeek ◽  
H. W. Hornstra ◽  
E. B. van Julsingha ◽  
J. P. Mumford ◽  
I. Zayed
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Dose Levels

ABSTRACT The authors feel that several reasons exist for considering contraceptives as a special class of drugs, which therefore require special safety studies. Apart from the usual short and long term studies, particular attention should be paid to the reversibility of the induced infertility, and to its possible consequences for subsequent offspring. A possible risk of damage to the foetus is partially outweighed by the low risk of pregnancy during the treatment periods with oral contraceptives. The procedures used in the Organon laboratories are briefly described. Principles on which we base the choice of dose levels and the duration of the various studies are discussed. The paucity of available data from toxicity studies in animals has prevented the presentation of a summary allowing an appraisal of the predictive value of the current methods in toxicology. Nevertheless, a few examples are given which demonstrate the need for more predictive methods. The present lack of knowledge on side effects in humans after prolonged treatment with oral contraceptives has created a feeling of uneasiness. This in its turn has resulted in some excessive regulatory requirements for very long term animal studies. In our opinion, the predictive value of these studies is extremely low because of the inadequacy of the available animal models. More value can be attached to the monitoring of side effects in humans and efforts in this direction should be increased. The Organon system of monitoring the side effects of its marketed preparations is briefly described. It is not considered feasible to standardize regulatory toxicity requirements for the time being, which should not prevent us from aiming at reasonable, more generally accepted methods of study.

scholarly journals Influences on Attitudes regarding Potential COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall Pogue ◽  
Jamie Jensen ◽  
Carter Stancil ◽  
Daniel Ferguson ◽  
Savannah Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, with the United States being highly affected. A vaccine provides the best hope for a permanent solution to controlling the pandemic. However, to be effective, a vaccine must be accepted and used by a large majority of the population. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the relationships of several factors with attitudes toward potential COVID-19 vaccination. The survey was administered to 316 respondents across the United States by a survey corporation. Prior vaccine usage and attitudes predicted attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Assessment of the severity of COVID-19 for the United States was also predictive. Approximately 68% of all respondents were supportive of being vaccinated for COVID-19, but side effects, efficacy, and length of testing remained concerns. Longer testing, increased efficacy and development in the United States were significantly associated with increased vaccine acceptance. Messages promoting COVID-19 vaccination should seek to alleviate the concerns of those who are already vaccine-hesitant. Messaging directed at the benefits of vaccination for the United States as a country would address the second predictive factor. Enough time should be taken to allay concerns about both short and long-term side effects before a vaccine is released.

scholarly journals Long-term follow-up of the use of maintenance antibiotic therapy for chronic antibiotic-dependent pouchitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Segal ◽  
Stephanie X Poo ◽  
Simon D McLaughlin ◽  
Omar D Faiz ◽  
Susan K Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Pouch Failure ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Term Maintenance

ObjectiveRestorative proctolectomy is considered the procedure of choice in patients with ulcerative colitis who have failed medical therapy. Chronic pouchitis occurs in 10%–15% of patients, which often require long-term antibiotics to alleviate symptoms. Safety and efficacy of long-term maintenance antibiotics for chronic pouchitis has yet to be established. We aimed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of maintenance antibiotic therapy for chronic pouchitis.DesignThis was an observational study. We followed up patients who were diagnosed with chronic antibiotic-dependent pouchitis.SettingData were collected from our single specialist pouch centre.PatientsPatients with chronic antibiotic-dependent pouchitis who had been maintained on antibiotics continuously for at least 1 year with a least one follow-up visit.Main outcome measureDevelopment of pouch failure defined by the need for an ileostomy, patient-reported side effects of antibiotics and development of antibiotic resistance found on stool coliform testing.ResultsLong-term use of antibiotics achieve remission in 21% of patients over a median follow-up of 102 (range 9–125). Pouch failure in association with chronic pouchitis after a median follow-up of 8.5 years occurred in 18%. Side effects of long-term antibiotic use occurred in 28% of patients, with resistance to antibiotics from at least one stool sample occurring in 78% patients.ConclusionsAlthough the use of antibiotics in chronic pouchitis may be justified, the use of long-term antibiotics must be weighed against potential complications associated with pouchitis and antibiotics.

Single Donor Plasma in Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for Myasthenia Gravis

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mantegazza ◽  
E. Bruzzone ◽  
B. Regi ◽  
D. Peluchetti ◽  
M. Marconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Optimal Schedule ◽  
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange ◽  
Single Donor ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Donor Plasma

Thirty-seven myasthenic patients were treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on different performance schedules using either random or single donor plasma. The two schedules had the same effects in terms of efficacy but single donor replacement gave significantly less side effects in the short and long term. A two exchange procedure on alternate days associated with immunosuppression seems to be an optimal schedule for the treatment of myasthenic patients. A single donor two-exchange on alternate days procedure appears to be safe, useful and can be repeated in patients who need frequent TPE.

Efektivitas Dan Keamanan Vaksin Covid-19 : Studi Refrensi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-107
Author(s):  
Setiyo Adi Nugroho ◽  
Indra Nur Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
A Value ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Protective Effectiveness

Various strategies and development of the Covid-19 vaccine have been carried out for the control of the Covid-19 pandemic. Various vaccines have undergone clinical trials with promising results in various countries. The effectiveness and safety and short- and long-term side effects of vaccines are a major concern in clinical trials in these strategies and developments. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness and safety of the Covid-19 vaccine so that it can inform and increase public confidence in the Covid-19 vaccine through a reference study approach. Method: The research method we use here is a reference study using electronic databases through journals from international and national. Google Scholar, science direx, elsiver, Pubmed are used as the main Journal database for this reference study. Results: From the results of reference studies found that all vaccines in clinical trials have promising effectiveness and safety. The Pfizer-BiONTech vaccine is a vaccine that has a good level of effectiveness and safety with a value of 94.6% and does not cause serious side effects. Double-dose vaccination further improves the immune response in younger and older adults. Conclusion: The Covid-19 vaccine in clinical trials all demonstrates promising immunogenicity with varying levels of protective effectiveness and an acceptable safety profile.

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