Zentren für Familien: Nationale und internationale Evidenz – ein Resümee aus familienökonomischer Perspektive

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 545-560
Author(s):  
C. Katharina Spieß

Zusammenfassung Während Kindertageseinrichtungen primär auf Kinder ausgerichtet sind, haben Zentren für Familien die gesamte Familie im Blick. Im Idealfall bilden sie einen Knotenpunkt in einem nachbarschaftlich orientierten Netzwerk. In den letzten Jahren haben entsprechende Ansätze deutschlandweit an Bedeutung gewonnen. Welche empirische Evidenz gibt es für ihre Wirkungen auf Kinder, Eltern und Familien? Dieser Frage widmet sich dieser Beitrag, um der Politik Anhaltspunkte für eine Weiterentwicklung von Angeboten der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe in diese Richtung zu geben. Insbesondere auf der Basis empirischer Studien aus dem anglo-amerikanischen Raum können für Programme, welche Kinder und Eltern adressieren, tatsächlich kurz- bis langfristige Effekte auf Kinder und Eltern nachgewiesen werden. Deutsche Begleitstudien von Zentren für Familien fokussieren dagegen eher auf andere Aspekte der Implementation oder auch der Sozialraumentwicklung. Sie sollten um mehr Wirkungsstudien, welche sich mit den direkten Effekten auf die Entwicklung von Kindern und Familien befassen, ergänzt werden. Abstract: Centres For Families – National And International Evidence While day care centres for children are primarily geared towards children, centres for families focus on the whole family. Ideally, they form a hub in a neighbourhood-oriented network. In recent years, such approaches have gained in importance throughout Germany. What empirical evidence is there for their impact on children, parents and families? This article is dedicated to this question in order to provide policymakers with pointers for the further development of child and youth welfare services. Particularly on the basis of empirical studies from the Anglo-American countries, short to long-term effects on children and parents can be demonstrated when evaluating programs that address children and parents. German evaluation studies on the activities of centres for families tend to focus more on other aspects, such as implementation or social space development. They should be supplemented by studies that are related to the direct effects of these centres on the development of children and families.

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
ELSA WIDIA ◽  
ENDRIZAL RIDWAN ◽  
FAJRI MUHARJA

Direct Foreign Investment (FDI) has been considered as one of the important strategies in long-term economic development. FDI is seen not only as a capital transfer but also has an important effect on increasing the host economy. FDI then became popular in many countries, so it was interesting to analyze the effects produced, both positive and negative. This research focuses on countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) with the aim of conducting empirical studies on opportunities for employment creation by FDI. However, due to limited data in several countries, this study only involved Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. The type of data used in this study is annual data covering from 1980-2017. Using estimation Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) allows to see short-term and long-term effects. The test results prove that the influence between variables is more visible in the long run


2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 231-231
Author(s):  
H M Picton

Over recent years increasing evidence suggests that xeno-oestrogens including alkylphenols, such as nonylphenol and octlyphenol (OP), may represent a threat to the health and reproductive function of humans, domestic animals and wildlife populations. To date most attention has focused on the effect of these endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) on male reproductive health. In contrast, hardly any attention has been paid to the potential adverse effects that these compounds may exert in females, where the end points are easier to measure than in males, and where oestrogen modulated diseases such as breast cancer, are of such importance to humans. This is also despite evidence from a number of species, including humans, that exposure in utero to the potent synthetic oestrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) has profound and long-term effects on ovarian morphology, folliculogenesis, fertility, and pregnancy outcome of female offspring.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sif Stewart-Ferrer ◽  
Anders Juul Rasmussen

The University of Southern Denmark has introduced a mandatory course in Narrative Medicine into the curriculum of undergraduate medical students. It is part of a trajectory called ‘Human First’, which aims to improve the students’ empathic abilities by teaching them narrative competencies to draw on in their future clinical encounters as medical doctors. Although, theoretical accounts seem to make a strong case for the utility and value of educational interventions, such as courses in narrative medicine or medical humanities, there has been a lack of empirical studies providing evidence to support such accounts – especially those focusing on the long-term effects and impact on patient care. Our systematic literature search and review of empirical studies regarding the effects of teaching close reading of fictional texts and creative writing to medical and health care students, tentatively confirmed previous indications of positive effects. Larger, multi-site and more rigorous studies that assess the long-term impacts of these educational interventions and adjust for local variations are, however, still in short supply. Finally, we present critical reflections on whether empathy and similar phenomena are at all measurable and discuss the possibility of meaningfully evaluating the utility of curricular interventions such as narrative medicine courses.


2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Vladimirovna Artymuk ◽  
Aleksey Gennadyevich Trishkin ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Bikmetova

The article presents a review of sources concerning perinatal outcomes and long-term effects on children and adults born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Neonates with IUGR are at high risk for morbidity and mortality. The conditions of antenatal fetal life may program the range of unfavorable long-term effects in adulthood. This requires further study of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of IUGR.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle Ploug Hansen ◽  
Sara Seerup Laursen ◽  
Ann-Dorthe Zwisler ◽  
Anders Juhl Rasmussen

The University of Southern Denmark has introduced a mandatory course in Narrative Medicine into the curriculum of undergraduate medical students. It is part of a trajectory called ‘Human First’, which aims to improve the students’ empathic abilities by teaching them narrative competencies to draw on in their future clinical encounters as medical doctors. Although, theoretical accounts seem to make a strong case for the utility and value of educational interventions, such as courses in narrative medicine or medical humanities, there has been a lack of empirical studies providing evidence to support such accounts – especially those focusing on the long-term effects and impact on patient care. Our systematic literature search and review of empirical studies regarding the effects of teaching close reading of fictional texts and creative writing to medical and health care students, tentatively confirmed previous indications of positive effects. Larger, multi-site and more rigorous studies that assess the long-term impacts of these educational interventions and adjust for local variations are, however, still in short supply. Finally, we present critical reflections on whether empathy and similar phenomena are at all measurable and discuss the possibility of meaningfully evaluating the utility of curricular interventions such as narrative medicine courses.


2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aletha C. Huston ◽  
Anjali E. Gupta ◽  
Jessica Thornton Walker ◽  
Chantelle J. Dowsett ◽  
Sylvia R. Epps ◽  
...  

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Richman ◽  
Philip Graham ◽  
Jim Stevenson

SummaryA five-year follow-up of 25 children who attended a psychiatric day centre for pre-school children is described. This group was compared at eight years of age with two matched control groups who had not received intensive treatment. There were few differences between the treated and untreated groups. Possible reasons for the findings are discussed and some methodological issues involved in carrying out evaluation studies are raised.


2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip S. Strain ◽  
Matthew A. Timm

This article presents an overview of the Regional Intervention Program (RIP) and describes ongoing studies to examine the long-term effects of behavioral skill training for parents of preschool children who engaged in severe forms of aggression and antisocial behavior. The results of evaluation studies on RIP clients have shown that (a) the initial intervention experience yields predictable and replicable outcomes for adults and children; (b) outcomes for children and adult clients maintain for periods ranging from 3 to 9 years, based on direct observational assessments in school and home settings; (c) these intermediate follow-up results are strongly influenced by early enrollment in the program, with children who began at the earliest ages experiencing more favorable outcomes; (d) the 3- to 9-year follow-up results for home-based observation are replicable across clients who received treatment from an entirely different intervention staff; (e) adolescent and adult outcomes indicate long-term maintenance of intervention gains; and (f) former adult consumers consider RIP intervention strategies to be highly acceptable.


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