scholarly journals FODDER BEHAVIOR FEATURES OF LANDRAS BREED BOARS IN CONNECTION WITH PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC FEATURES VARIABILITY

PIG-BREEDING ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
BELOUS A.A. ◽  
◽  
SERMYAGIN A.A. ◽  
TREBUNSKIKH E.A. ◽  
ZINOVIEVA N.A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Phenotype Correlation ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Selection Work

Currently, realization and improvement of genetic potential of purebred boars is an urgent task in the field of pig-breeding. To achieve the task, it is necessary to include new parameters for the selection of individuals for the reproduction of the herd. The purpose of this work was to calculate genetic and phenotype correlation of fodder behavior indicators, feed conversion and predicted residual feed intake in pigs of Landras breed. The obtained scores of EBV could be used to understand direction of selection work, including new parameters of quantative features.

Daily methane emissions and emission intensity of grazing beef cattle genetically divergent for residual feed intake

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Velazco ◽  
R. M. Herd ◽  
D. J. Cottle ◽  
R. S. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion

As daily methane production (DMP; g CH4/day) is strongly correlated with dry matter intake (DMI), the breeding of cattle that require less feed to achieve a desired rate of average daily gain (ADG) by selection for a low residual feed intake (RFI) can be expected to reduce DMP and also emission intensity (EI; g CH4/kg ADG). An experiment was conducted to compare DMP and EI of Angus cattle genetically divergent for RFI and 400-day weight (400dWT). In a 6-week grazing study, 64 yearling-age cattle (30 steers, 34 heifers) were grazed on temperate pastures, with heifers and steers grazing separate paddocks. Liveweight (LW) was monitored weekly and DMP of individual cattle was measured by a GreenFeed emission monitoring unit in each paddock. Thirty-nine of the possible 64 animals had emission data recorded for 15 or more days, and only data for these animals were analysed. For these cattle, regression against their mid-parent estimated breeding value (EBV) for post-weaning RFI (RFI-EBV) showed that a lower RFI-EBV was associated with higher LW at the start of experiment. Predicted dry matter intake (pDMI), predicted DMP (pDMP) and measured DMP (mDMP) were all negatively correlated with RFI-EBV (P < 0.05), whereas ADG, EI, predicted CH4 yield (pMY; g CH4/kg DMI) were not correlated with RFI-EBV (P > 0.1). Daily CH4 production was positively correlated with animal LW and ADG (P < 0.05). The associations between ADG and its dependent traits EI and pMY and predicted feed conversion ratio (kg pDMI/kg ADG) were strongly negative (r = –0.82, –0.57 and –0.85, P < 0.001) implying that faster daily growth by cattle was accompanied by lower EI, MY and feed conversion ratio. These results show that cattle genetically divergent for RFI do not necessarily differ in ADG, EI or pMY on pasture and that, if heavier, cattle with lower RFI-EBV can actually have higher DMP while grazing moderate quality pastures.

Genetic parameters and breed differences for feed efficiency, growth, and body composition traits of young beef bulls

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Schenkel ◽  
S. P. Miller ◽  
J. W. Wilton
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beef Bulls

Genetic associations between feed efficiency, growth, and live ultrasound measured body composition traits were studied in purebred beef bulls of six breeds in Ontario bull test stations from 1991 to 2000. Feed traits included average daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and residual feed intake [feed intake adjusted for production alone (RFIp) or production and backfat thickness (RFIb)]. Growth traits were average daily weight gain (ADG), mid-test metabolic weight (MW), hip height (HH), and scrotal circumference (SC). Body composition traits included ultrasound backfat thickness (BF), longissimus muscle area (LMA), and predicted percentage of intramuscular fat (IFAT). Bulls were measured every 28 d for weight and individual feed intake, and at the end of test for ultrasound body composition traits. Number of records per trait ranged from 2284 (FI) to 13 319 (ADG). Fixed effects of test group, breed and end of test age (within breed), and random effects of animal and herd of origin were modeled using REML bivariate analyses for all traits. Heritability estimates were moderate for all traits (0.30 to 0.55), except for IFAT (0.14). The genetic correlation between RFIp and RFIb was high (0.99) within breeds, but breeds ranked differently with respect to RFIp and RFIb. Genetic correlations of RFIb with ADG and backfat thickness were essentially zero, which indicate that selection on residual feed intake could be implemented to reduce feed intake and improve feed conversion without compromising growth or changing levels of subcutaneous fat. Key words: Central test, genetic correlation, heritability, residual feed intake

scholarly journals Residual feed intake and relationships with performance of Nellore cattle selected for post weaning weight

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lucila Sobrinho ◽  
R.H. Branco ◽  
S.F.M. Bonilha ◽  
A.M. Castilhos ◽  
L.A. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Kleiber Ratio ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to evaluate performance, efficiency parameters and phenotypic correlations among measurements of energy efficiency of Nellore cattle selected for post weaning weight and classified according to residual feed intake, calculated by the difference between observed and predicted intake, based on average metabolic body weight and average daily gain. Thus, animals were classified within three groups: high (> mean + 0.5 standard deviation, less efficient); medium (±0.5 standard deviation of the mean); and low (< mean - 0.5 standard deviation, more efficient) residual feed intake. No differences were observed at initial and final body weights, average daily gain and dry matter intake among groups. Animals with low residual feed intake also had greater feed efficiency, feed conversion and partial efficiency of growth and did not differ from the other animals regarding to relative growth rate and Kleiber ratio. Residual feed intake was significantly correlated to feed efficiency (-0.25), feed conversion (0.25), partial efficiency of growth (-0.37) and dry matter intake (0.16) but it did not present significant correlation with body weight (0.04), average daily gain (-0.02), relative growth rate (-0.03) and Kleiber ratio (-0.05). Significant correlations were found between feed conversion and initial body weight (0.34) and average daily gain (-0.46). Partial efficiency of growth presented significant correlation with all other efficiency parameters analyzed. Residual feed intake has high potential in productive efficiency, when compared to the other energy efficiency measurements, being independent of growth and size of the animals.

scholarly journals Blood cell and metabolic profile of Nellore bulls and their correlations with residual feed intake and feed conversion ratio

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Henrique de Almeida Santana ◽  
Paulo Rossi Junior ◽  
Rodrigo de Almeida ◽  
Amanda Massaneira de Souza Schuntzemberger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Blood Urea Level ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Due to the potential metabolic changes related to the residual feed intake (RFI), this study investigated the correlation of traditional RFI (RFI1), RFI adjusted for final rump fat thickness (RFI2) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) with the metabolic and blood profiles, as well as determined the possible different classes of RFI1 and RFI2. For this purpose, 46 Nellore bulls, 22 month-old and 411kg of weight at the beginning of the study were used. The animals were fed with the same diet for 84 days, and blood samples were collected every 21 days for evaluation of serum metabolites and blood cell profiles. No significant correlations were found between FCR and metabolic or blood traits, although there was a significant correlation between RFI1 and urea serum concentration. There were also differences between the RFI classes for creatinine, in which more efficient animals showed higher values. The RFI2 did not correlate with any metabolic and blood cell variable, but young bulls with smaller RFI2 had a smaller number of eosinophils when compared to animals with higher RFI2. These results suggest that animals with a high RFI can have greater energy expenditure due to protein synthesis and degradation process, resulting in a larger blood urea level.

Genetic potential for residual feed intake and diet fed during early- to mid-gestation influences post-natal DNA methylation of imprinted genes in muscle and liver tissues in beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Devos ◽  
Amir Behrouzi ◽  
Francois Paradis ◽  
Christina Straathof ◽  
Changxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Imprinted Genes ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Genetic Potential

Abstract Discovery of epigenetic modifications associated with feed efficiency or other economically important traits would increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these traits. In combination with known genetic markers, this would provide opportunity to improve genomic selection accuracy in cattle breeding programs. It would also allow cattle to be managed to improve favorable gene expression. The objective of this study was to identify variation in DNA methylation between beef cattle of differential pre-natal nutrition and divergent genetic potential for residual feed intake (RFI). Purebred Angus offspring with the genetic potential for either high (HRFI) or low (LRFI) RFI, were prenatally exposed to either a restricted maternal diet of 0.5 kg/d average daily gain (ADG) or a moderate maternal diet of 0.7 kg/d ADG from 30 to 150 days of gestation. We performed DNA methylation analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMR) of imprinted genes (Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) DMR2, IGF2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) DMR2) using post-natal samples of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle taken from male and female calves at birth and weaning, and of LD muscle, semimembranosus (SM) muscle and liver samples collected from steers at slaughter (17 months of age). Interestingly, for all three DMR investigated in liver, LRFI steers had higher levels of methylation than HRFI steers. In LD muscle, IGF2/H19 ICR methylation differences for heifers at birth were due to pre-natal diet, while for steers at birth they were mostly the result of genetic potential for RFI with LRFI steers again having higher levels of methylation than HRFI steers. While results from repeated measures analysis of DNA methylation in steers grouped by RFI revealed few differences, in steers grouped by diet, we found higher methylation levels of IGF2 DMR2 and IGF2R DMR2 in LD muscle of restricted diet steers at weaning and slaughter than at birth, as well as increased methylation in LD muscle of restricted diet steers compared to moderate diet steers at weaning and/or slaughter. Our results suggest that differential pre-natal nutrition, and divergent genetic potential for RFI, induces tissue- and sex-specific alterations in post-natal IGF2 and IGF2R methylation patterns and that these patterns can vary with age in Angus beef cattle.

Genetic parameters for growth and feed efficiency in weaner versus yearling Charolais bulls

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Arthur ◽  
G. Renand ◽  
D. Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Total N

Data on young Charolais bulls were used to evaluate the effect of age of dam, and provide genetic parameter estimates for growth and feed efficiency traits in weaners compared with yearlings. Records on 510 performance test bulls born from 1985 to 1989 and 792 progeny test bulls born from 1988 to 1997 were used, plus available pedigree information (total n = 5493). After weaning (approximately 225 days of age), progeny test bulls were housed in barns and tested until 15 months for all bulls and 19 months of age for half of the bulls. From the records, the test period was artificially partitioned into a weaner and a yearling test. Both tests were for 140 days, with the weaner test commencing at approximately 274 days of age (6–8 weeks after weaning), and the yearling test commencing at approximately 430 days of age. For each test (weaner or yearling), average daily gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio (feed intake per unit weight gain), and residual feed intake (feed intake net of the expected requirements for growth and maintenance) were calculated. Liveweights at 12 and 18 months of age were also studied. Age of dam effect was significant (P < 0.05) for weight at 12 and 18 months of age, and for all weaner traits except residual feed intake. All the traits studied were moderately heritable (0.20–0.46) except for feed conversion ratio in yearlings (0.10). Genetic correlations for the same traits measured in weaners and later in yearlings were less than unity (0.42–0.95), with the 3 highest correlations obtained for weight (0.950.03), feed intake (0.900.07), and residual feed intake (0.750.12). Therefore, for genetic improvement purposes, traits measured in weaners should be considered different from those measured in yearlings, except for weight and feed intake. However, the medium to very high genetic correlations between weaner and yearling tests for most of the traits studied indicate that selection based on weaners will have a positive correlated response in yearlings and vice versa.

scholarly journals Brahman and Brahman crossbred cattle grown on pasture and in feedlots in subtropical and temperate Australia. 3. Feed efficiency and feeding behaviour of feedlot-finished animals

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Schutt ◽  
P. F. Arthur ◽  
H. M. Burrow
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Kleiber Ratio ◽  
Time Eating ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this experiment was to quantify differences in feed efficiency and feeding behaviour of 470 heifers and steers by Brahman, Belmont Red, Santa Gertrudis, Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn, Charolais and Limousin sires mated to Brahman dams. Animals were bred in subtropical Queensland and finished in a temperate New South Wales feedlot. Animals averaged 598 days of age and 425.8 kg at the start of the feed intake test period. Sire breeds did not differ for eating rate, feed conversion ratio or relative growth rate. Generally, higher daily feed intakes (DFI) corresponded with higher average daily gains (ADG). Straightbred Brahmans fed the most frequently (16.6 ± 0.8 sessions/day; P < 0.05) but spent the least time eating of all breeds (67.4 ± 2.7 min/day; P < 0.001). Least squares means for Brahman, Belmont Red, Santa Gertrudis, Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn, Charolais and Limousin sired progeny, respectively, for residual feed intake (RFI; P < 0.05) were 0.02 ± 0.16, 0.14 ± 0.13, –0.10 ± 0.23, 0.54 ± 0.17, –0.27 ± 0.18, 0.29 ± 0.18, –0.46 ± 0.16 and –0.21 ± 0.13 kg/day, and for ADG (P < 0.001) were 1.06 ± 0.05, 1.17 ± 0.04, 1.52 ± 0.08, 1.47 ± 0.06, 1.46 ± 0.06, 1.46 ± 0.06, 1.35 ± 0.06 and 1.38 ± 0.05 kg/day. While straightbred Brahmans did not differ from all other sire breeds for RFI, their lower appetite relative to crossbred contemporaries resulted in the lowest DFI (P < 0.001) and lowest ADG (P < 0.001) overall. Angus sired crosses were the least efficient feeders and spent the most time eating, consumed the most feed and had the highest RFI, but were not significantly different to Santa Gertrudis and Shorthorn crosses for these traits. Angus sired crosses spent 24.1 and 15.4 min/day more time eating (P < 0.001) than straightbred Brahmans and Charolais crosses, and consumed 35 and 13% more feed (P < 0.001) respectively. Charolais sired crosses were the most feed efficient with the lowest RFI and intermediate DFI, and did not differ significantly from the highest ranking sire breeds for ADG or Kleiber ratio. While Belmont Red crosses did not differ from all breeds for RFI, they had significantly lower DFI than British and Santa Gertrudis crosses resulting in lower ADG (P < 0.001) relative to these sire breeds. Therefore, selection of Charolais, Hereford, Limousin and Santa Gertrudis sire breeds would result in the most feed efficient (low RFI) crosses with Brahman without any sacrifice in ADG.

Hormonal growth implants affect feed efficiency and expression of residual feed intake-associated genes in beef cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Al-Husseini ◽  
C. Gondro ◽  
K. Quinn ◽  
L. M. Cafe ◽  
R. M. Herd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle

Hormonal growth promotants (HGP) have been used to improve feed conversion ratio (FCR) and growth rates of cattle by modifying protein turnover rates. Residual feed intake (RFI) is correlated with FCR and has been adopted in Australia as a measure of feed efficiency in cattle for the purpose of genetic improvement. Eight genes (AHSG, GHR, GSTM1, INHBA, PCDH19, S100A10, SERPINI2 and SOD3) have been previously reported to be highly associated with RFI and could potentially be used to predict RFI in bulls and steers. In this study, expression levels of these genes in liver tissue of 46 cattle were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. These cattle were part of a larger tenderness gene marker experiment consisting of two breeds (Angus and Brahman); two sexes (steers and heifers) and HGP treatments (implanted vs control). Cattle were measured for growth, feed efficiency, body composition and carcass traits. Results showed the expression of these eight genes was significantly correlated with RFI. However, HGP treatment did not affect RFI or the expression of the RFI-associated genes. HGP treatment increased average daily gain by 20%, improved FCR by 18%, and increased rib eye-muscle area by 7.5%. HGP treatment was effective in improving growth rate, presumably by its known action in the protein turnover mechanism. This mechanism has been hypothesised as one of the regulators of RFI. Lack of effect of HGP treatment on RFI does not support this hypothesis.

The importance of body composition in explaining variation in feed conversion efficiency and residual feed intake between meat sheep at two different ages

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
S A Knott ◽  
L J Cummins ◽  
B J Leury ◽  
F R Dunshea
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Meat Sheep

Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of feed efficiency calculated as the difference between an animal’s actual intake and its expected intake based on its liveweight and growth rate over a specified period of time (Richardson, Herd et al. 2002). The efficiency with which an animal utilises energy during growth, is dependent on a number of physiological factors including body composition and the relative proportions of lean tissue mass (LTM) and fat tissue mass (FTM), due to differences in the energy cost of depositing and maintaining these tissues. Protein or lean tissue is continually degraded and resynthesised and thus the rate at which this occurs may contribute to the variation in energy required by an animal for maintenance and growth (Archer, Richardson et al. 1999). The objective of this work was to determine the relationship between feed conversion ratio (FCR, kg feed:kg gain) and residual feed intake (RFI) with body composition in rams at six months of age (6mo), and then again in the same rams at thirteen months of age (13mo).

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