Effects of Storage Characteristics on Flash Point and Water Content of Biodiesel derived from Crude Palm Oil, Jatropha, and Waste Cooking Oil

The reduction of world oil reserves fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns significantly influences the popularity of biodiesel as an alternative diesel. This research investigates the effects of storage duration of variant blending waste cooking oil ratio under different storage temperature on fuel properties. The biodiesel samples were stored at different temperatures and were monitored at regular interval over a period of 70 days. Blending of biodiesel was varied from 5vol % (WCO5) ~15vol% (WCO15) and storage temperature from 24°C~35°C. These samples were monitored on a weekly and the effects of storage conditions on properties of biodiesel such as density, kinematics viscosity, acid value, water content and flash point of biodiesel were discussed in detail. The observation of biodiesel shows that the increasing of storage duration of biodiesel derived from waste cocking oil influences to the increasing of density, kinematics viscosity, acid value and water content.

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Experimental Investigation of Standard Handling and Storage Duration on Fuel Properties, Appearance, Burning Process and Emissions of Biodegradable Alternative Fuel

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.525 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 773-774 ◽

pp. 525-529

Author(s):

Norazwan Azman ◽

Bukhari Manshoor ◽

Dahrum Samsudin ◽

Amir Khalid

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Oxidation Stability ◽

Acid Value ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Storage Duration ◽

Good Offer ◽

And Storage

Concern shortage and limited of petroleum, bio-fuels or also known as alternative fuel offer an advantage in order to sustain in long terms and economical. This renewable source is a good offer as an improvement attempt of automobile fuel and burner combustion. The main issue in using biodegradable alternative fuel such as vegetable oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on the degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. Thus, this study investigated the effects of different kind of biodegradable alternative fuel tested at variant in storage ambient condition under different storage duration. These tests were performed on the biodegradable alternative fuel such crude palm oil (CPO), and waste cooking oil (WCO) with different of ambient temperature and variant of blending ratio. The biodegradable fuel samples were stored in clinical compartment, at different temperatures and were monitored at regular interval over a period of 60 days. Blending of biodiesel was varied from 5vol% ~ 15vol% and storage temperature from 5°C~33°C. The effects of ambient temperature and storage duration on properties of biodegradable fuel such as density, kinematics viscosity, acid value, water content and flash point of biodiesel were discussed in detail. Analysis of this study showed that the different storage duration gave a significant effect toward the changes of water content; acid value and viscosity. As a conclusion, a long period of storage would decrease the quality of biodiesel no matter what kind of condition and environment is exposed to.

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Experimental Study of the Ignition Process and Combustion of Biodiesel-Water-Air Rapid Mixing Derived from Waste Cooking Oil, Crude Palm Oil and Jatropha Oil in Burner Combustion

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.530 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 773-774 ◽

pp. 530-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mirnah Suardi ◽

Norazwan Azman ◽

Dahrum Samsudin ◽

Shahrin Hisham Amirnordin ◽

Norani Mansor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Jatropha Oil ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Mixture Formation ◽

Rapid Mixing ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Flame Development

The prospects of fossil oil resources and strengthen of future emission regulation have raised keen attention together with the issue of renewable alternative fuel. As one of the different solutions to these problems, emulsion fuel technology in biodiesel has received close attention because it may provide better combustion efficiency and would contribute to a reduction in emissions, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) or particulate matter (PM).The solution of this issue is by using Biodiesel fuel as an alternative fuel from waste cooking oil (WCO), crude palm oil (CPO) and Jatropha Oil (JPO). In addition, Waste cooking oil is one of the most economical options for producing biodiesel due to the biodegradable properties and preserves energy. This study focuses on the observation of ignition and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-water-air rapid mixing of biodegradable fuel using internally rapid mixing injector in burner combustion. In this research, the relation of mixture formation, burning process and flame development of biodiesel were investigated in detail. The parameters include equivalent ratio, water content and mixture formation are studied. The flame development is analysed in term of flame longest for testing. The result shows that equivalent ratio and water content affect the combustion. Increasingly of water content will reduce the flame length and increase the probability of misfire.

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Effect of Mixture Formation of Biodiesel-Water-Air Rapid Mixing Derived from Crude Palm Oil and Waste Cooking Oil in Burner Combustion

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.421 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 660 ◽

pp. 421-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mirnah Suardi ◽

Norazwan Azman ◽

Dahrum Samsudin ◽

Shahrin Hisham Amirnordin ◽

Amir Khalid

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Spray Angle ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Mixture Formation ◽

Penetration Length ◽

Rapid Mixing ◽

Cooking Oil

The trade-off between NOx and PM is a main issue in the observation of combustion characteristics, NOx and PM are released from the combustion of biodiesel either in internal combustion engine or external burner system. Thus, the rapid mixing of biodiesel-water-air technique is one of the most significant approaches to the reduction of pollutant emissions of burner combustion. In this research, the relation between the mixture formation of biodiesel spray and burning process was investigated in detail in order to understand the effects of the changes of fuel properties in fuel evaporation. In these experiments, different types of biodiesel fuel derived from the crude palm oil and waste cooking oil were used in the same nozzle characteristics of burner system. This study focuses on the observation of the real images of the spray characteristics together with equivalent ratio, water content, spray penetration length, spray angle and spray area. Water emulsion of percentage up to 15vol% and blending of biodiesel ratio was varied from 5vol%-15vol%. The diesel fuel have been compare with based analyzed of real spray images with the times change. The results shows percentage of biodiesel and shows the higher of water content due to the higher viscosity affects the higher penetration length and lower spray angle and influence the flame penetration.

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PROSES PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI CAMPURAN MINYAK KELAPA DAN MINYAK JELANTAH

Konversi ◽

10.20527/k.v5i1.4772 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Muthia Elma ◽

Satria Anugerah Suhendra ◽

Wahyuddin Wahyuddin

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Acid Number ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Ester Content ◽

Total Glycerol

Abstrak-Indonesia memiliki hasil produksi buah kelapa yang hanya dimanfaatkan untuk memasak. Minyak jelantah merupakan hasil dari sisa penggorengan rumah tangga yang setelah penggunaanya menjadi limbah dan dapat mencemari lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi biodiesel dengan memanfaatkan campuran antara minyak kelapa dan minyak jelantah terhadap efek penambahan metanol dan waktu reaksi optimum dari pembuatan biodiesel. Proses produksi biodiesel dari campuran kedua bahan baku menggunakan proses dimana minyak kelapa dan minyak jelantah dicampurkan berdasarkan %-v/v dari 200 mL dengan perbandingan minyak jelantah (MJ) dan minyak kelapa (MK) yaitu 100MJ:0MK; 75MJ:25MK; 50MJ:50MK; 25MJ:75MK; dan 0MJ:100MK dengan komposisi metanol serta esterifikasi 38%; 30%; 28%; 19% serta untuk trasesterifikasi 19%; 20%; 21%; 25%. Pada reaksi esterifikasi menggunakan komposisi katalis H2SO4 0,5%, dan transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis KOH 0,9%. Yield yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah: 100MJ:0MK 92,15%; 93,65%, 75MJ:25MK (96,65%), 50MJ:50MK (95,11%), 25MJ:25MK (96,65%) dan 100MK:0MJ (82,65%). Analisa gliserol total yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah 100MJ:0M (0,19%), 75MJ:25MK (0,21%), 50MJ:50MK (0,23%) 25MJ:25MK (0,22%) dan 100MK:0MJ (0,26%). Dari hasil analisa gliserol total tersebut didapat sampel yang terbaik yakni 50MJ:50MK dengan nilai glirserol total 0,23% dengan waktu 60 menit untuk esterifikasi dan 70 menit untuk transesterifikasi, dengan analisa angka asam yang didapatkan sebesar 0,2117, angka penyabunan 198,41; ester content yang didapat sebesar 98,163% water content untuk sebesar 0,56 ppm. Keseluruhan dari hasil analisa biodiesel tersebut memenuhi standar EN 14214. Kata kunci: minyak kelapa, minyak jelantah, biodiesel, FFA, trigliserida, gliserol total. Abstract-Coconut oil is normally produced as cooking oil in some areas in Indonesia. However, palm oil mostly produced by industries as vegetable/cooking oil.Waste cooking oil from palm oil becomes a big problem in the environment, and creates pollution. This research aims to use waste cooking oil to produce biodiesel by mixing waste cooking oil and coconut oil. Those mixed oils become raw materials for this proces. The composition of the mixtures are 100MJ: 0MK; 75MJ: 25MK; 50MJ: 50MK; 25MJ: 75MK; and 0MJ: 100MK (% v / v of waste cooking oil (MJ) and coconut oil (MK)).The total of 200 mL oil mixtures was used for the esterification process with methanol composition were 38%; 30%; 28%; and trans-esterification were 19%; 20%; 21%; 23%. Esterification reaction was using the 0,5% H2SO4 as a catalyst, while transesterification was using 0.9% KOH as catalyst. The yield of biodiesel this reaserch were: 100MJ: 0MK (92.15%), 75MJ: 25MK (96.65%), 50MJ: 50MK (95.11%), 25MJ: 25MK (96.65%) and 100MK: 0MJ (82.65%). Furthermore, the total glycerol values were 100MJ:0MK (0.19%), 75MJ: 25MK (0.21%), 50MJ:50MK (0.23%) 25MJ: 25MK (0.22%) and 100MK: 0MJ (0.26%). EN14214 standard shows that the best composition of mixtured oils was 50MJ:50MK. Then, the total glycerol was 0.23% (60-70 minutes for the esterification and transesterification reaction). Acid number value was 0.2117, saponification number was 198.41; ester content was 98.163% and water content was 0.56 ppm. Keywords: coconut oil, waste cooking oil, biodiesel, FFA, triglyceride, total glycerol.

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Pemanfaatan Limbah Cangkang Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis) Sebagai Pengadsorbsi Minyak Jelantah

Jurnal Akademika Kimia ◽

10.22487/j24775185.2018.v7.i3.11914 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Nurcholis Al Ubaidah ◽

Siti Nuryanti ◽

Supriadi Supriadi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Water Content ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Peroxide Value ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Cooking Oil

Improper of usage and storage of cooking oil can increase the water content on cooking oil. It can decrease of cooking oil quality and fried food that resulted from this cooking oil which then can cause health problems. This study aimed to determine of the waste cooking oil quality after it was adsorbed with charcoal from eggshell palm oil (Elaeis gunieensis). The quality was determined based on the free fatty acids, the peroxide value, and the water content of the waste cooking oil before and after adsorption. Determination of free fatty acids was used titration method while determination of water content was used gravimetric method. The result showed that the cooking oil quality contained 0.014% of free fatty acids, 1 meq.O2/kg of peroxide value, and 0.0003% of water content. The waste cooking oil quality without adsorption process was 0.042% of free fatty acids, 26 meq.O2/kg of peroxide value, and 0.0011% of water content. After adsorption process with 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 gram of charcoal from eggshell palm oil into 100 mL of waste cooking oil, it was found that 15 gram of eggshell weight was the best adsorbent. In was condition, the free fatty acid was 0.0006%, the peroxide value was 2 meq.O2/kg, and the water content 0.0005%. It showed that the waste cooking oil quality become better after adding of charcoal of eggshell palm oil as the adsorbent.

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PROSES PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI CAMPURAN MINYAK KELAPA DAN MINYAK JELANTAH

Konversi ◽

10.31213/k.v5i1.23 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Muthia Elma ◽

Satria Anugerah Suhendra ◽

Wahyuddin Wahyuddin

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Acid Number ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Ester Content ◽

Total Glycerol

Abstrak-Indonesia memiliki hasil produksi buah kelapa yang hanya dimanfaatkan untuk memasak. Minyak jelantah merupakan hasil dari sisa penggorengan rumah tangga yang setelah penggunaanya menjadi limbah dan dapat mencemari lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi biodiesel dengan memanfaatkan campuran antara minyak kelapa dan minyak jelantah terhadap efek penambahan metanol dan waktu reaksi optimum dari pembuatan biodiesel. Proses produksi biodiesel dari campuran kedua bahan baku menggunakan proses dimana minyak kelapa dan minyak jelantah dicampurkan berdasarkan %-v/v dari 200 mL dengan perbandingan minyak jelantah (MJ) dan minyak kelapa (MK) yaitu 100MJ:0MK; 75MJ:25MK; 50MJ:50MK; 25MJ:75MK; dan 0MJ:100MK dengan komposisi metanol serta esterifikasi 38%; 30%; 28%; 19% serta untuk trasesterifikasi 19%; 20%; 21%; 25%. Pada reaksi esterifikasi menggunakan komposisi katalis H2SO4 0,5%, dan transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis KOH 0,9%. Yield yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah: 100MJ:0MK 92,15%; 93,65%, 75MJ:25MK (96,65%), 50MJ:50MK (95,11%), 25MJ:25MK (96,65%) dan 100MK:0MJ (82,65%). Analisa gliserol total yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah 100MJ:0M (0,19%), 75MJ:25MK (0,21%), 50MJ:50MK (0,23%) 25MJ:25MK (0,22%) dan 100MK:0MJ (0,26%). Dari hasil analisa gliserol total tersebut didapat sampel yang terbaik yakni 50MJ:50MK dengan nilai glirserol total 0,23% dengan waktu 60 menit untuk esterifikasi dan 70 menit untuk transesterifikasi, dengan analisa angka asam yang didapatkan sebesar 0,2117, angka penyabunan 198,41; ester content yang didapat sebesar 98,163% water content untuk sebesar 0,56 ppm. Keseluruhan dari hasil analisa biodiesel tersebut memenuhi standar EN 14214. Kata kunci: minyak kelapa, minyak jelantah, biodiesel, FFA, trigliserida, gliserol total. Abstract-Coconut oil is normally produced as cooking oil in some areas in Indonesia. However, palm oil mostly produced by industries as vegetable/cooking oil.Waste cooking oil from palm oil becomes a big problem in the environment, and creates pollution. This research aims to use waste cooking oil to produce biodiesel by mixing waste cooking oil and coconut oil. Those mixed oils become raw materials for this proces. The composition of the mixtures are 100MJ: 0MK; 75MJ: 25MK; 50MJ: 50MK; 25MJ: 75MK; and 0MJ: 100MK (% v / v of waste cooking oil (MJ) and coconut oil (MK)).The total of 200 mL oil mixtures was used for the esterification process with methanol composition were 38%; 30%; 28%; and trans-esterification were 19%; 20%; 21%; 23%. Esterification reaction was using the 0,5% H2SO4 as a catalyst, while transesterification was using 0.9% KOH as catalyst. The yield of biodiesel this reaserch were: 100MJ: 0MK (92.15%), 75MJ: 25MK (96.65%), 50MJ: 50MK (95.11%), 25MJ: 25MK (96.65%) and 100MK: 0MJ (82.65%). Furthermore, the total glycerol values were 100MJ:0MK (0.19%), 75MJ: 25MK (0.21%), 50MJ:50MK (0.23%) 25MJ: 25MK (0.22%) and 100MK: 0MJ (0.26%). EN14214 standard shows that the best composition of mixtured oils was 50MJ:50MK. Then, the total glycerol was 0.23% (60-70 minutes for the esterification and transesterification reaction). Acid number value was 0.2117, saponification number was 198.41; ester content was 98.163% and water content was 0.56 ppm. Keywords: coconut oil, waste cooking oil, biodiesel, FFA, triglyceride, total glycerol.

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Characterization of Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Corn Oil and Waste Cooking Oil for Biodiesel Production

Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences ◽

10.37934/arfmts.86.2.136146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 136-146

Author(s):

Siti Nurul Akmal Yusof ◽

Siti Mariam Basharie ◽

Nor Azwadi Che Sidik ◽

Yutaka Asako ◽

Saiful Bahri Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Cooking Oil

Biodiesel production is the reaction of raw oils with mixing and heating within catalyst and methanol. The raw oils usually come from vegetable oils and animal fats. Vegetable oils are a promising feedstock for biodiesel production since they are renewable in nature. Nevertheless, the physical properties of biodiesel pose some acute problems when used in an unmodified engine. It is important to diesel and biodiesels because it impacts components such as the fuel pump. Therefore, this paper intends to investigate the properties of biodiesel samples in terms of viscosity, density, flash point and acid values at different bio lipids and different mixing time. The evaluation is carried out on the three types of biodiesels: crude oil, crude palm oil, corn oil, and waste cooking oil. Methanol was chosen over the others for the transesterification process because it was cheaper. The esterification process, which reduces the amount of free fatty acids in the crude oil, will be performed with the help of an acid catalyst. Alkaline catalysts, in contrast, are used for the transesterification process. The comparison of all the samples shows that CPO is the better biodiesel than the other due to the physical properties of kinematic viscosity, density and flashpoint.

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