scholarly journals REPRESENTATION OF CHARITY, EXEMPLARY CATHOLICS, OR MODEL NOBLEMEN? THE “SCHNEIDHAUS”, A SURGICAL FUGGER HOSPITAL IN AUGSBURG

ARTis ON ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Annemarie Kinzelbach
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Bladder Stones ◽  
History Of

The Schneidhaus was a hospital foundation of the counts Fugger specialized in surgery of hernia and bladder-stones and characterized by a number of apparently unique features, which allow to trace aspects of how the counts Fugger represented themselves during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. An allusion to charity covers just one functional aspect. During major confessional crises the hospital, including its localization(s) in Augsburg, also served to represent the Fugger as exemplary Catholic citizens. Moreover, evasive traces of several buildings designated as Schneidhaus and singular hints at their architecture point to additional functions: the hospital also was a means to support the efforts of the Counts Fugger to establish themselves among the German (and European) noblemen by displaying model behavior as rulers and humanists. A recently acquired illustrated manuscript in the German Museum of the History of Medicine in Ingolstadt was a further tool to assist these functions. The manuscript transferred practices inside the Schneidhaus into transportable evidence, thus allowing the counts Fugger to display, wherever necessary, their practice as models for Catholic charitable citizens and rulers of territories in combination with hints at their noble engagement for revealing wonders and marvels while also encouraging accountability of medical personnel and advancement of medical knowledge.

From New Spain to Damascus: Ottoman Religious Authorities and the Making of Medical Knowledge on Tobacco

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 561-581
Author(s):  
Aslıhan Gürbüzel
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Medical Opinion ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
History Of

Abstract This article examines the translation, circulation, and adaptation of the medical opinion of Spanish physician Nicolas Monardes (d. 1588) on tobacco in the Ottoman Empire. In addition to medical and encyclopedist authors, the spread of new medical knowledge in learned and eventually popular registers was the result of the efforts of religious authorities. These latter authorities, namely jurists, Sufis, and preachers, took an interest in the bodily and mental effects of smoking for its moral implications. In forming their medical-moral discourse, they sought and studied contemporary medical works of both Ottoman and European provenance. Challenging the strict division between learned and popular medicine, this article argues that Ottoman religious authorities, while often excluded from the history of medicine, played significant roles in the circulation, adaptation, and localization of medical knowledge.

scholarly journals Sofia Parfanovych - a Woman Doctor, an Innovator of Medical Education in Ukraine: some actual issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Stytsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Woman Doctor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage

Abstract: The article analyzes the main milestones of the prominent Ukrainian doctor, public figure, writer of the early to mid-twentieth century Sofia Parfanovych. There are three main aspects of her historical heritage: scientific, educational and literary. New variants of topics of lectures and seminars for studying the history of Ukrainian medicine of the beginning of the XX century in the course of disciplines “History of medicine” and “Development of medical knowledge” are offered.

P1844QUOTATIONS FROM AHRUN AL-QASS RELATED TO THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM DISEASES IN RHAZES'S LIBER CONTINENS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet ACIDUMAN ◽  
Çağatay AŞKİT
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
English Language ◽  
Latin Text ◽  
Genitourinary System ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Bladder Stones ◽  
Lost Work ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background and Aims Ahrun al-Qass “the priest”, one of the last Alexandrian physicians before the Islamic era and probably a contemporary of Paul of Aegina, composed an enormous Medical Pandect (Kunnāsh fī al-Tibb) containing 30 books. This work is considered to have been originally written in Greek and later to have translated into Syriac. It became one of the important sources of medicine throughout the Islamic world after having been translated from Syriac into Arabic by Māsarjawayh. Some fragments of this lost work have survived in Kitāb al-Hāwī/Liber Continens. The purpose of this study is to present the Ahrun’s fragments related to the genitourinary system diseases existing in Rhazes’s abovementioned work and to introduce them to the history of medicine in the English language. Method The quotations from Ahrun related to the genitourinary system diseases in the 10th book of Kitāb al-Hāwī, entitled as “fī amrāḍ al-kulā wa majārī al-bawl wa ghayrihā” are identified via the Arabic and Latin text. Consequently, they are compared to each other and translated into English. Results The quotations, in which Rhazes mentioned Ahrun’s name, are related to the genitourinary system diseases such as kidney ulcers, kidney and bladder stones and their treatment, urinary retention, diabetes, involuntarily flow of sperm and its treatment. Some of these quotations also have Rhazes’s comments. Conclusion In this study, fragments of Ahrun al-Qass related to the genitourinary system diseases and Rhazes’s comments on them in Liber Continens are discussed and registered to the literature in the field of history of medicine in the English language.

The history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of Ayurveda masters

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor Patwardhan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Argument

Ayurveda, the native healthcare system of India, is a rich resource of well-documented ancient medical knowledge. Although the roots of this knowledge date back to the Vedic and post-Vedic eras, it is generally believed that a dedicated branch for healthcare was gradually established approximately between 400 BCE and 200 CE. Probably because the language of documentation of these early textbooks is in Sanskrit, a language that is not in day-to-day use among the general population even in India, many significant contributions of Ayurveda have remained unrecognized in the literature related to the history of medicine. In this communication, the discovery of blood circulation has been taken up as a case, and a few important references from the representative Ayurveda compendia that hint at a preliminary understanding of the cardiovascular system as a “closed circuit” and the heart acting as a pump have been reviewed. The central argument of this review is that these contributions from Ayurveda too must be recorded and credited when reviewing the milestones in the history of medicine, as Ayurveda can still possibly guide various streams of the current sciences, if revisited with this spirit.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinarity of History of Medicine and Narrowness of the Modern Domestic Historical and Medical Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Robak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Components

Author provided a classification of modern historical and medical knowledge. Further, the author convincingly proved that certain distortions and disproportions had been developed in the modern domestic historical and medical discourse. This conclusion has been done basing on analysis of publications and speeches at scientific forums of Ukrainian historians of medicine in recent years, and applying problem-chronological as well as comparative-historical research methods. Medical researchers have been trying to undertake a reconstruction of socio-cultural components of the discipline, but without sufficient mastering historical instruments. As a result, works of low quality have published. The author recommended physicians who study History of Medicine to investigate problems of development of medical science and practice, and leave problems of social relations for professional historians.

Medieval Egyptian Judaeo-Arabic Prescriptions (and the edition of three medical prescriptions)

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
EFRAIM LEV
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Cairo Genizah ◽  
The Middle Ages

The literature on medicine in medieval Muslim countries in general and in Egypt in particular is vast and detailed. Yet study and assessment of the practical aspects of medicine in the Mediterranean society of the Middle Ages requires examination of authentic, practical medical knowledge. At present this can be extracted mainly from the prescriptions found in the Cairo Genizah; these supply a different and valuable dimension. On the importance and the potential of research into the medical aspects of the Genizah documents, mainly prescriptions, Goitein wrote in 1971 that “these prescriptions have to be examined by experts in the history of medicine”.

scholarly journals Monstrous animal siblings in Europe

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-114
Author(s):  
Davide Ermacora
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
History Of

Reports of women giving birth to a baby together with an animal (toad, mouse, bird, etc.), are documented in Europe from the 1100s onwards: the most important traditions of which are the frater Salernitanorum and the sooterkin. Throughout the centuries, authors have typically attempted to explain monstrous animal siblings in the light of contemporary medical knowledge. The present paper compares the medieval frater Salernitanorum with the later sooterkin and investigates both in historico-folklore terms. It argues that it is important to understand monstrous birth traditions not only in the light of medical history, but as beliefs and narratives actively shared through acts of communication. In so doing, this article is informed by both the history of medicine and folklore studies.

A Translation of Galen's Hygiene (de Sanitate Tuenda)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Short Biography ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
Medical Books

It is rather unusual to present a translation of one of the first medical books of classical antiquity to the medical public of today. The history of medicine is a fascinating field, and this book is a real "mine of information" of the medical knowledge at the times of the Roman Empire. "Hygiene' is an extensive term, and beliefs and habits of that time are described throughout the book. The introduction by Henry Sigerist and a short biography of Galen translated from Le Clerc's Histoire de la Médecine, give all necessary information for a good understanding of the book.

scholarly journals Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asita S. Sarrafzadeh ◽  
Nuri Sarafian ◽  
Almut von Gladiss ◽  
Andreas W. Unterberg ◽  
Wolfgang R. Lanksch
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neurosurgical Technique

Ibn Sina (often known by his last name in Latin, Avicenna; 980–1037 A.D.) was the most famous physician and philosopher of his time. His Canon of Medicine, one of the most famous books in the history of medicine, surveyed the entire medical knowledge available from ancient and Muslim sources and provided his own contributions. In this article the authors present a unique picture of the neurosurgical technique of Ibn Sina and briefly summarize his life and work.

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