scholarly journals BIOAGENTES NA SUPRESSÃO DA VASSOURA-DE-BRUXA E PROMOÇÃO DE CRESCIMENTO NA CULTURA DO CACAUEIRO

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bárbara de Carvalho Moreira ◽  
Mikaelle Conceição da Silva ◽  
Lucas Marquezan Nascimento ◽  
Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi ◽  
Fábio José Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Moniliophthora Perniciosa

Os grandes problemas na produtividade do cacau é o ataque de várias doenças, sendo a principal a Vassoura-de-bruxa, que é causada pelo fungo Moniliophthora perniciosa. Este trabalho objetiva-se o avaliar a supressão da doença Vassoura-de-bruxa e a avaliação da promoção de crescimento em mudas de cacau com o uso de bioagentes. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados, em condições de telado, com os seguintes tratamentos foram: T1- testemunha; T2- Trichodermil® (Trichoderma harzianum); T3- Bacillus sp.; T4- Burkholderia pyrrocinia. Foi realizado dois tipos de aplicações, uma via foliar e outra via rega, ocorrido de forma simultânea, para a avaliação da severidade da doença, os tratamentos foram aplicados aos 7, 14, 82 e 90 dias após o plantio. Nos resultados obtidos, todos os bioagentes testados foram capazes de a doença, além de apresentarem potencial na promoção de crescimento das plantas.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Trichoderma spp for the biocontrol of Moniliophthora perniciosa Subgroup 1441

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lucia Garcia Simoes ◽  
Samia Maria Tauk-Tornisielo ◽  
Givaldo Rocha Niella ◽  
Daniel Mario Tapia Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Moniliophthora Perniciosa ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
The Individual

Trichoderma species , isolated from different producer regions of cocoa (Bahia, Brazil), were evaluated as for their capacity of usage in the biocontrol of the basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa subgroup 1441, which causes the witches’ broom in cocoa. The isolates of Trichoderma were evaluated through individual indices so called %AP (Antagonistic Potential to Moniliophthora perniciosa subgroup 1441), %PG (Potential Growth in vitro) and %PSPr (Potential of Spore Production on rice) These indices were evaluated together, also they were used for the determination of Biological Control Potential (%BCP) of each antagonistic specie to the evaluated pathogen. Afterwards, the ability of the antagonistic to colonize and to produce spores on sterilized dry brooms was also evaluated. Some of the isolates Trichoderma spp showed a high %AP to the pathogen and high %PG, but did not present a significant %PSPr, turning impossible the spore production for biocontrol at commercial level. Significant differences were found within the individual indices among the species and isolates of the same species of Trichoderma spp, pointing out a great genetic variability among them. Trichoderma harzianum 911 showed to have the best biocontrol potential to the pathogen when compared to the other isolates, presenting a %BCP de 91.86% (mainly by the high %AP of 97,76%) a %PSPr of 99.53%, also producing 22.67 spores x 109. mL-1 by dry broom segment. Trichoderma harzianum 911 showed to be as promising isolate for future researches on biocontrol of cocoa witches’ broom.

scholarly journals Perubahan Golongan Darah Berdasarkan Pengaruh Waktu dan Mikroorganisme Yang Berperan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Muhamad Masyrur ◽  
I Ketut Junitha ◽  
Meitini W. Proborini
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Staphylococcus Cohnii ◽  
Antigen A

Darah menjadi salah satu barang bukti yang sangat penting dalam analisa forensik. Darah memiliki ciri khusus atau identitas dari pemiliknya. Darah dapat dianalisa golongannya untuk mengetahui pemilik dari darah tersebut. Namun dalam perjalanan waktu, darah akan mengalami degradasi sehingga akan terjadi perubahan golongan menjadi golongan darah O palsu. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah adanya aktivitas mikroorganisme yang tumbuh pada darah. Materi dari penelitian ini adalah darah manusia yang bergologan A, B, AB dan O yang berasal dari 4 (empat) orang responden berjenis kelamin 3 (tiga) laki-laki dan 1 (satu) perempuan, berumur antara 20 – 40 tahun. Masing-masing sebanyak 150 µL diteteskan pada kain kasa steril ukuran 2 x 6 cm, kemudian dikering anginkan. Sampel disimpan pada suhu kamar (± 30 oC) selama 0, 30, 60, 90 dan 120 hari. Sampel diuji golongan darah-nya menggunakan metode absorbsi elusi berdasarkan instruksi kerja Laboratorium Forensik Polri Cabang Denpasar tahun 2016. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa darah kering manusia yang disimpan pada media kain kasa steril selama 30 dan 60 hari belum mengalami perubahan golongannya. Penyimpanan darah kering manusia selama 90 dan 120 hari sudah terjadi perubahan golongan darah dengan ditemukan adanya antigen A atau B yang tidak terdeteksi kembali melalui analisa absorbsi elusi pada golongan darah A, B dan AB. Penelitian ini menemukan 9 spesies jamur dan 7 spesies bakteri yang tumbuh pada sampel darah. Spesies jamur dan bakteri yang memiliki kemampuan tinggi mendegradasi semua golongan darah (A, B dan AB) adalah Acromonium carticola, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium sp dan Bacillus coagulans. Sedangkan spesies jamur dan bakteri yang memiliki kemampuan tinggi mendegradasi golongan B atau AB adalah Fusarium sp, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viridae, Bacillus sp. dan Staphylococcus cohnii.

scholarly journals Biostimulants Managed Fungal Phytopathogens and Enhanced Activity of Beneficial Microorganisms in Rhizosphere of Scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Patkowska
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Tea Tree

The principles of good agricultural and horticultural practice, considering both environmental protection and high yielding of plants, require modern cultivation methods. In modern agriculture, it is possible to use biostimulants that protect the soil against degradation and plants against phytopathogens and stress. The purpose of 3-year field and laboratory studies was to determine the effect of Trichoderma harzianum T-22 and other biostimulants on the health status of scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.) plants and microorganism populations in the rhizosphere of this plant. For this purpose, Biosept Active (a.s.—grapefruit extract), Timorex Gold 24 EC (based on tea tree oil), Trianum P (spores of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22) and Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS fungicide (a.s.—tiuram) were applied for the pre-sowing seed dressing of scorzonera cv. “Duplex”. The number of seedlings and the health status of scorzonera plants were determined during three growing seasons. In each year of the study, mycological analysis of seedling roots and roots after scorzonera harvest was conducted to establish the quantitative and qualitative composition of fungi colonizing these parts. Moreover, microbiological analyses of scorzonera rhzisphere soil were conducted and served as the basis to determine the total population of fungi and bacteria (including Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.). Antagonistic activity of rhizosphere bacteria Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. and fungi was determined based on laboratory tests on selected scorzonera soil-borne fungal pathogens (Alternaria scorzonerae, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani). The experiments showed that Trianum P most effectively protected the roots of scorzonera against infection by Alternaria alternata, A. scorzonerae, Neocosmospora solani, Fusarium spp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea. The rhizosphere population of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in the treatments with Trianum P or Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS was larger than in the other experimental treatments. A reverse relationship was observed in the population of rhizosphere fungi. The application of grapefruit extract, tea tree oil and Trichoderma harzianum T-22 increased antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. and selected saprotrophic fungi against soil-borne fungal pathogens, especially Alternaria sp., Rhizoctonia sp., and Fusarium sp. In summary, Biosept Active, Timorex Gold 24 EC and Trianum P can be recommended as plant biostimulants in Scorzonera hispanica cultivation.

scholarly journals Alternativas de control en la pudrición radical de cebolla para el Valle de la Trinidad, Baja California

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Armando Pulido-Herrera ◽  
Emma Zavaleta-Mejía ◽  
Lourdes Cervantes-Díaz ◽  
Onécimo Grimaldo-Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

La pudrición radical en cebolla es la enfermedad más importante en el Valle de la Trinidad, Baja California, México. Con el propósito de evaluar estrategias de control para la enfermedad se realizaron tres experimentos durante 2007, 2008 y 2009. En el experimento I (2007) los tratamientos fueron: 1) Tiofanato metílico; 2) Smicobac (Trichoderma + Bacillus sp. + Azospirillum sp. + Pseudomonas sp.); 3) estiércol de bovino (EB); 4) residuos de cebolla (RC); 5) solarización plástico transparente (SPT), 6) solarización plástico negro (SPN); 7) SPT + EB; 8) SPT + RC; 9) SPN + EB; 10) SPN + RC; 11) Trichodef (Trichoderma harzianum); y 12) testigo. En el experimento II (2008), los tratamientos fueron los mismos excepto el tratamiento 2, sustituido por protector (extractos vegetales); y en el experimento III (2009) los tratamientos fueron: 1) SPT + estiércol de ovino (EO); 2) SPN + EO; 3) SPT; 4) SPN; 5) control biológico (Trichoderma spp.); y 6) control químico (2- (tiocianometiltio) benzotiazol 30%. Los resultados indicaron que los tratamientos solarización plástico transparente con o sin enmiendas orgánicas, presentaron incrementos significativos (p< 0.05) de 22 a 34% en el rendimiento y diámetro del bulbo con respecto al control biológico y químico; sin embargo, en estos dos últimos tratamientos la incidencia y severidad se redujo significativamente (p< 0.05), por lo que la solarización con plástico transparente y el control biológico, son alternativas viables para el control de la pudrición radical en cultivos de cebolla en Baja California, México.

scholarly journals Estrategias de control de Moniliophthora roreri y Moniliophthora perniciosa en Theobroma cacao L.: revisión sistemática

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Andrea Tirado-Gallego ◽  
Andrea Lopera-Álvarez ◽  
Leonardo Alberto Ríos-Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Moniliophthora Perniciosa ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Moniliophthora Roreri ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

<p>Una de las limitaciones más importantes de la producción de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) a nivel mundial es la presencia de enfermedades causadas principalmente por hongos fitopatógenos del género Moniliophthora sp., especialmente, Moniliophthora roreri y Moniliophthora perniciosa, causantes de las enfermedades moniliasis y escoba de bruja, respectivamente. Ambas enfermedades son altamente invasivas y endémicas del cacao. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las estrategias de control implementadas para manejar dichas enfermedades. Este sondeo se llevó a cabo en conformidad con la declaración Prisma (ítems de información con mayor reconocimiento para las revisiones sistemáticas y los metaanálisis), con base en una búsqueda sistemática de literatura en las bases de datos ScienceDirect, Springer Link y Scopus. Se incluyeron artículos originales de investigación reportados en la literatura científica en los últimos 12 años y se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se encontró que el año en que más artículos se reportaron sobre el tema fue el 2008, en países como Brasil y Costa Rica. Las estrategias más utilizadas para el control de estas enfermedades son la remoción de mazorcas con signos de enfermedad, el empleo de fungidas a base de cobre y los controladores biológicos como Trichoderma sp. y Bacillus sp. Una de las metodologías más recomendadas es la optimización de los tratamientos mediante la combinación de agentes químicos, físicos y biológicos.</p>

scholarly journals The Influence of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 and Other Biostimulants on Rhizosphere Beneficial Microorganisms of Carrot

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Patkowska ◽  
Elżbieta Mielniczuk ◽  
Agnieszka Jamiołkowska ◽  
Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz ◽  
Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Rhizosphere Fungi ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The principles of good agricultural and horticultural practice, which consider both giving environmental protection and high yielding of plants, require modern cultivation methods. Modern cultivation of horticultural plants uses, for example, cover crops, living mulches, plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs), plant growth regulators (PGRs) and other biostimulants protecting the soil against degradation and plants against phytopathogens and stress. The purpose of field and laboratory studies was to determine the effect of Trianum P (containing Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 spores), Beta-Chikol (a.s.—chitosan), Timorex Gold 24 EC (based on tea tree oil) and fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS (a.s.—tiuram 75%) on the health of carrot (Daucus carota L.) plants and the microorganism population in the rhizosphere of this plant. Moreover, the antagonistic effect of rhizosphere fungi on selected carrot fungal pathogens was determined. Laboratory mycological analysis allowed one to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi colonizing the underground parts of carrot plants. In addition, the total population of fungi and bacteria was determined (including Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) based on the microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere soil. The application of the plant growth-promoting fungus (Trichoderma harzianum T-22), chitosan and tea tree oil positively influenced the growth, development and health status of carrot plants. T. harzianum T-22, chitosan and fungicide most effectively protected carrots against infection by soil-borne fungi from the genus Alternaria, Fusarium, Haematonectria, Sclerotinia and Rhizoctonia. The rhizosphere population of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in the treatments with Trianum P or Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS was bigger than in the other experimental treatments. A reverse relationship was observed in the population of rhizosphere fungi. T. harzianum T-22, chitosan and tea tree oil promoted the growth of antagonistic fungi (Albifimbria sp., Clonostachys sp., Penicillium sp., Talaromyces sp. and Trichoderma sp.) in the carrot rhizosphere. Antagonistic activity of these fungi towards Alternaria dauci, Alternaria radicina, Sclerotiniasclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani was higher after the application of the preparations compared to control. Consequently, Trianum P, Beta-Chikol and Timorex Gold 24 EC can be recommended as plant biostimulants in ecological agricultural production, including Daucus carota cultivation.

scholarly journals USO DE BIOAGENTES NA SUPRESSÃO DA Macrophomina phaseolina NA CULTURA DO FEIJOEIRO COMUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Geana Jesus Caixeta ◽  
Lucas Marquezan Nascimento ◽  
Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi ◽  
Fábio José Gonçalves ◽  
Alan Carlos Alves de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Bacillus Sp

A Macrophomina phaseolina causa a doença podridão-cinzenta-do-caule na cultura do feijoeiro e leva a perdas significativas do grão devido às dificuldades para o controle. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do uso de Trichoderma e de rizobactérias como bioagentes na supressão da doença na cultura do feijoeiro comum. O experimento foi realizado em condição de telado e adotou-se o delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados. Foram realizados seis tratamentos com oito repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em: T1– Testemunha; T2 – Pseudomonas fluorescens; T3 – Burkholderia pyrrocinia; T4 – Bacillus sp.; T5 – Trichodermil 1306® e T6 – Rancona T®. Os tratamentos foram aplicados via semente e pulverização foliar aos 14 e 21 dias após o plantio. O fitopatógeno Macrophomina phaseolina foi inoculado aos 21 dias após o plantio, utilizando o método de palitos-de-dente. A avaliação da severidade da doença e da área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) foi realizada aos 1, 2, 4 e 8 dias após a inoculação, por meio de uma escala de notas descritivas. A avaliação da promoção de crescimento foi realizada aos 21 dias após o plantio. As plantas de feijoeiro que tiveram o tratamento de sementes e a pulverização foliar com as rizobactérias P. fluorescens e Bacillus sp. se sobressaíram significativamente, aumentando a biomassa da parte aérea em 46,73% e 41,43%, respectivamente, em comparação a testemunha. As plantas tratadas via sementes e via pulverização foliar com a rizobactéria Bacillus sp. apresentaram menor índice de severidade da doença, com supressão de 51,67% em relação a testemunha. Segundo AACPD, o tratamento que apresentou menor área com presença de plantas doentes foi o tratamento com a bactéria Bacillus sp. com 34,58 %. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a utilização dos bioagentes Bacillus sp. e Trichoderma harzianum se mostraram eficientes na supressão da Macrophomina phaseolina na cultura do feijoeiro comum. A utilização de Pseudomonas fluorescens e o Bacillus sp. são eficientes na promoção de crescimento de biomassa de parte aérea.

МЕТАБОЛИТЫ ПРОБИОТИЧЕСКИХ БАКТЕРИЙ ОТВЕЧАЮТ ЗА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ДЕЙСТВИЯ ПРОБИОТИКА "ПРОФОРТ®"

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Bacillus Sp

МЕЛИКИДИ В.Х., ТЮРИНА Д.Г., СЕЛИВАНОВ Д.Г., НОВИКОВА Н.И. ООО «БИОТРОФ», Санкт-Петербург Аннотация: Приведены данные исследования методом газожидкостной хроматомасс-спектрометрии метаболитов, синтезируемых пробиотическими бактериями, входящими в состав кормовой добавки «Профорт®». Проведен опыт в условиях интенсивного промышленного птицеводства по применению кормовой добавки «Профорт®» (50 тыс. голов бройлеров в группе). Среди метаболитов пробиотических штаммов Enterococcus sp. и Bacillus sp. обнаружены такие полезные вещества, как молочная кислота, уксусная, пропионовая и другие короткоцепочечные (летучие) жирные кислоты, активные пептиды. Результаты зоотехнического опыта показали, что при скармливании бройлерам пробиотика «Профорт®» (500 г/т) живая масса при убое в 40 дней была выше контроля на 6,9%, конверсия корма улучшилась на 3,0%, а европейский индекс продуктивности бройлеров - на 5,69%. Ключевые слова: ПРОБИОТИКИ, МЕТАБОЛИТЫ, ЛЕТУЧИЕ ЖИРНЫЕ КИСЛОТЫ, ЦЫПЛЯТА-БРОЙЛЕРЫ,ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ, PROBIOTICS, METABOLITES, VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS, BROILER CHICKS,PRODUCTIVITY

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