scholarly journals Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol: recent advances and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Shahla Firiddun Taghiyevа ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide is the main source of the greenhouse effect, causing global warming and climate change. In this regard, in order to avoid more dangerous consequences, the United Nations Conference on Climate Change has emphasized the need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by at least half their current value by 2050, aiming to limit the global increase in average temperature to a maximum of 2 °C. Carbon dioxide is emitted mainly from power plants (e.g., coal-based) and vehicles, and other industrial sources contribute to an increase in CO2 emissions. In recent years, the scientific community has begun to view CO2 not as a costly waste, but mainly as a potential carbon alternative to fossils. Therefore, future prospects for reducing carbon dioxide emissions will concern not only the development of more efficient carbon dioxide storage technologies, but also the development of new strategies for CO2 processing in the energetical direction and in chemical intermediate products. In this regard, the conversion of CO2 to methanol has received increased attention, since methanol (CH3OH) is a key raw material for industrial chemicals, which can later be converted to high molecular weight alternative liquid fuels. The review considers works published over the past 10 years on the heterogeneous catalytic conversion of CO2 to methanol. The characteristics of the used catalysts, reaction mechanisms, key technologies and problems of industrial use, prospects for the application of heterogeneous catalytic conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons are discussed.

scholarly journals Ocean acidification needs more publicity as part of a strategy to avoid a global decline in calcifier populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus R. Westgarth-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
The Uk

Ocean acidification (OA) is caused by increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, which dissolves in seawater to produce carbonic acid. This carbonic acid reduces the availability of dissolved aragonite needed for production of some invertebrate exoskeletons with potentially severe consequences for marine calcifier populations. There is a lack of public information on OA with less than 1% of press coverage on OA compared with climate change; OA is not included in UK GCSE and A Level specifications and textbooks; environmental campaigners are much less active in campaigning about OA compared with climate change. As a result of the lack of public awareness OA is rarely discussed in the UK Parliament. Much more public education about OA is needed so that people can respond to the urgent need for technological and lifestyle changes needed to massively reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

APPLICATION OF THE CARNOL PROCESS TO PRODUCE METHANOL AND REDUCE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
A. S. SVIRIDOV ◽  
◽  
P. E. NOR ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Methanol Production

The Carnol system is the production of methanol from carbon dioxide (obtained from coal-fired power plants) and natural gas, and the use of the resulting methanol as an alternative fuel. The Carnol process produces hydrogen by thermal decomposition of natural gas, which then interacts with the CO2 extracted from the flue emissions of power plants. The resulting carbon can be stored or used as a raw material. The paper provides an estimated characteristic of the reduction of CO2 emissions of the Carnol process and system, and compares it with other traditional methanol production processes, including the use of biomass of industrial raw materials and vehicles powered by methanol fuel cells. CO2 emissions from a Carnol system that uses methanol as an alternative fuel can be reduced by 56 % compared to a conventional coal-fired power plant system. In the case of the use of methanol as fuel for motor vehicles, carbon dioxide emissions.

Use of videoconferencing in Wales to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, travel costs and time

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delyth Lewis ◽  
Glynis Tranter ◽  
Alan T Axford
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Staff Time ◽  
Telemedicine Service ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Car Travel

In September 2005 a telemedicine service was started to assist multidisciplinary teams in Wales to improve cancer services. In October 2006 and October 2007 users of videoconferencing equipment at one site completed questionnaires. During October 2006 a total of 18,000 km of car travel were avoided, equivalent to 1696 kg of CO2 emission. During October 2007 a total of 20,800 km of car travel were avoided, equivalent to 2590 kg of CO2 emission. We estimate that 48 trees would take a year to absorb that quantity of CO2. The results of the surveys show that exploiting telemedicine makes better use of staff time, reduces the time spent travelling and assists in reducing climate change by limiting the emissions of CO2.

Preparing for the Future: Reducing Gas Turbine Environmental Impact—IGTI Scholar Lecture

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Cumpsty
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
The Future ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Aircraft Propulsion

In the long term, the price of fuel will rise and it is now urgent to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to avoid catastrophic climate change. This lecture looks at power plant for electricity generation and aircraft propulsion, considering likely limits and possibilities for improvement. There are lessons from land-based gas turbines, which can be applied to aircraft, notably the small increases in efficiency from further increase in pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature. Land-based gas turbines also point to the benefit of combining the properties of water with those of air to raise efficiency. Whereas the incentive to raise efficiency and reduce CO2 will force an increase in complexity of land-based power plant, the opportunities for this with aircraft are more limited. One of the opportunities with aircraft propulsion is to consider the whole aircraft operation and specification. Currently the specifications for new aircraft of take-off and climb thrust are not fully consistent with designing the engine for minimum fuel consumption and this will be addressed in some depth in the lecture. Preparing for the future entails alerting engineers to important possibilities and limitations associated with gas turbines which will mitigate climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions.

scholarly journals Short introspections regarding the sawdust briquetting as sustainable solution for the environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Imre Kiss ◽  
Vasile Alexa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
Power Stations

Wood pellets have only become an important part of this boom in the past few years. Owners of large coal-fired power stations in Europe started searching for a way to fulfill the new regulations and to find a solution for the declining economic relevance of traditional coal-fired power stations due to their high carbon dioxide emissions. The answer was to give the old dirty giants a green coat of paint by “co-firing” regular coal power plants with wood pellets. Wood pellets have similar burning qualities to traditional coal and the costs of converting boilers to burn wood pellets are low. The idea of declaring wood pellets as a carbon neutral energy source was based on the assumption that the released emissions of carbon dioxide during the burning process are neutralized by the carbon that is captured and stored in newly growing trees. The idea of using wood as a renewable source was backed by environment organizations. More recent pellet investment projects as well as facilities currently under construction show that the production of wood pellets is being outsourced by the energy firms to companies specialized in wood pellet production. These firms are 100-percent focused on sourcing the raw material, operating the wood pellet production plant and handling the logistics for transporting the renewable resource.

Trivializing Climate Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Michael A. Livermore ◽  
Richard L. Revesz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Roll Back ◽  
Trump Administration

The Trump administration has, at every turn, taken actions to reverse the climate progress achieved during the Obama administration, moving to repeal or significantly roll back three significant rules to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from existing power plants, passenger cars and light trucks, and oil and gas installations. To mask the true effects of its policies, the Trump administration has targeted the social cost of carbon, which quantifies the harm caused by a ton of carbon dioxide emissions. It has used two principal techniques, unsupported by economic theory, to reduce the estimate of the damages of greenhouse emissions by a factor of about 10.

Preparing for the Future: Reducing Gas Turbine Environmental Impact

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Cumpsty
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
The Future ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Aircraft Propulsion

In the long term the price of fuel will rise and it is now urgent to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to avoid catastrophic climate change. This lecture looks at power plant for electricity generation and aircraft propulsion, considering likely limits and possibilities for improvement. There are lessons from land-based gas turbines which can be applied to aircraft, notably the small increases in efficiency from further increase in pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature. Land-based gas turbines also point to the benefit of combining the properties of water with those of air to raise efficiency. Whereas the incentive to raise efficiency and reduce CO2 will force an increase in complexity of land-based power plant, the opportunities for this with aircraft are more limited. One of the opportunities with aircraft propulsion is to consider the whole aircraft operation and specification. Currently the specification for new aircraft of take-off and climb thrust are not fully consistent with designing the engine for minimum fuel consumption and this will be addressed in some depth in the lecture. Preparing for the future entails alerting engineers to important possibilities and limitations associated with gas turbines which will mitigate climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions.

Arresting carbon dioxide emissions: why and how?

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Tackle Climate Change ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

This chapter sets the scene for future chapters covering a range of low carbon technologies from renewables through to nuclear. It reviews how the evidence base for climate change is building up, what the impacts of climate change might be, and how we are beginning to explore the policies and measures which will be needed to make the transition to a low carbon economy. The year 2005 will go down in history as the beginnings of a broad, politically backed consensus that man’s activity is influencing our climate. In February 2005, the Kyoto Protocol came into force—binding over 170 countries in action to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, accepted by most informed commentators to be the principal cause of anthropogenically forced climate change. In the same year, the G8 group of countries at Gleneagles, Scotland, considered climate change as a key agenda item. Significantly, it set up a forum for discussion with other countries and the emerging economies. The forum, known as the ‘Dialogue on Climate Change, Clean Energy and Sustainable Development’ met for the first time in November 2005. However, the value of the Kyoto protocol is not universally acknowledged. Some argue that although the science underpinning the existence of climate change and the link with carbon dioxide emissions has become unequivocal, the Kyoto protocol is not appropriate for them. A group of these countries, including the US, China, and India (huge emitters of carbon dioxide in their own right) has agreed the need to tackle climate change. Their approach is to promote clean technology development initiatives; though how exactly that partnership will evolve and deliver new low carbon technologies is not, at the time of writing, clear. Nevertheless, whether via the formalized Kyoto Protocol with carbon dioxide emission reduction targets or via other initiatives, a start has been made on the long, uncertain road to a low carbon world. Slowly, but surely, global action on climate change is gathering momentum. The term ‘greenhouse effect’ was first coined by the French mathematician Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier in 1827. It enables and sustains a broad balance between solar radiation received and Earth’ s radiation emitted or reflected.

A Designing of the Manufacturing Facility for Disposing of Greenhouse Gases

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Gao Fang Cao ◽  
Wei Wei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
New Method ◽  
Manufacturing Facility ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increasing, the climate change has drawn increasing attention. But so far there is no good solution to this problem. This paper presents a simple and feasible way to achieve carbon dioxide liquefaction facility, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, thereby to improve the climate of the new method. This method is not only technically simple and feasible but also quite inexpensive.

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