scholarly journals Conservation laws for 3-dimensional equations of anisotropic elasticity

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Сергей Иванович Сенашов ◽  
Ольга Валерьевна Гомонова
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Anisotropic Elasticity ◽  
3 Dimensional

В работе найдены законы сохранения для трехмерных стационарных уравнений упругости в случае общей анизотропии. Conservation Laws for 3-dimensional Stationary Equations in the Case of General Anosotropy are obtained in the work.

scholarly journals Conservation laws in anisotropic elasticity I. Basic framework

1993 ◽  
Vol 443 (1917) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Anisotropic Elasticity ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Real Form ◽  
Elastic Materials ◽  
Complete Class ◽  
First Order ◽  
Cauchy's Theorem ◽  
Anisotropic Elastic

A complete class of first order conservation laws for two dimensional deformations in general anisotropic elastic materials is derived. The derivations are based on Stroh’s formalism for anisotropic elasticity. The general procedure proposed by P. J. Olver for the construction of conservation integrals is followed. It is shown that the conservation laws are intimately connected with Cauchy’s theorem for complex analytic functions. Real-form conservation laws that are valid for degenerate or non-degenerate materials are given.

scholarly journals Conservation laws in anisotropic elasticity II. Extension and application to thermoelasticity

1993 ◽  
Vol 443 (1917) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Stress Intensity Factors ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Anisotropic Elasticity ◽  
Integral Representations ◽  
Intensity Factors ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Finite Crack ◽  
Crack Faces

The conservation laws in anisotropic elasticity developed in an accompanying paper are extended to include steady-state thermal elasticity. The conservation laws proposed in this paper lead to integrals that do not contain area integration and are path-independent. In addition to the extended J - and M -integrals of J. K. Knowels and E. Sternberg, also derived are path-independent contour integrals that yield directly the stress intensity factors when evaluated over contours enclosing a crack. The path-independent integral representations of the stress intensity factors are used to obtain closed form solutions for a finite crack in an unbounded thermoelastic medium subject to arbitrary thermal conditions on the crack faces.

scholarly journals A new fourth-order integrable nonlinear equation: breather, rogue waves, other lump interaction phenomena, and conservation laws

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumitru Baleanu ◽  
Ali Saleh Alshomrani ◽  
Malik Zaka Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Equation ◽  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Rogue Waves ◽  
Adjoint Representation ◽  
Integrable Nonlinear Equation ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Invariance Properties ◽  
Dynamical Characteristics ◽  
Hirota Bilinear

AbstractIn this study, we investigate a new fourth-order integrable nonlinear equation. Firstly, by means of the efficient Hirota bilinear approach, we establish novel types of solutions which include breather, rogue, and three-wave solutions. Secondly, with the aid of Lie symmetry method, we report the invariance properties of the studied equation such as the group of transformations, commutator and adjoint representation tables. A differential substitution is found by nonlinear self-adjointness (NSA) and thereafter the associated conservation laws are established. We show some dynamical characteristics of the obtained solutions through via the 3-dimensional and contour graphs.

scholarly journals Lie Symmetry Analysis, Exact Solutions, and Conservation Laws of Variable-Coefficients Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli Equation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Yuru Hu ◽  
Xiangpeng Xin
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Variable Coefficients ◽  
Optimal System ◽  
Differential Invariants ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Equivalence Transformations ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Variable

In this article, we study the generalized ( 2 + 1 )-dimensional variable-coefficients Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli (vcBLP) equation. Using Lie’s invariance infinitesimal criterion, equivalence transformations and differential invariants are derived. Applying differential invariants to construct an explicit transformation that makes vcBLP transform to the constant coefficient form, then transform to the well-known Burgers equation. The infinitesimal generators of vcBLP are obtained using the Lie group method; then, the optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras is determined. According to the optimal system, the ( 1 + 1 )-dimensional reduced partial differential equations (PDEs) are obtained by similarity reductions. Through G ′ / G -expansion method leads to exact solutions of vcBLP and plots the corresponding 3-dimensional figures. Subsequently, the conservation laws of vcBLP are determined using the multiplier method.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

Structural preservation and absolute contrast of catalase crystal sections prepared with tannic acid

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
C.W. Akey ◽  
M. Szalay ◽  
S.J. Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Beef Heart ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Screw Axis ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Structural Preservation

Three methods of obtaining 20 Å resolution in sectioned protein crystals have recently been described. They include tannic acid fixation, low temperature embedding and grid sectioning. To be useful for 3-dimensional reconstruction thin sections must possess suitable resolution, structural fidelity and a known contrast. Tannic acid fixation appears to satisfy the above criteria based on studies of crystals of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase, orthorhombic beef liver catalase and beef heart F1-ATPase. In order to develop methods with general applicability, we have concentrated our efforts on a trigonal modification of catalase which routinely demonstrated a resolution of 40 Å. The catalase system is particularly useful since a comparison with the structure recently solved with x-rays will permit evaluation of the accuracy of 3-D reconstructions of sectioned crystals.Initially, we re-evaluated the packing of trigonal catalase crystals studied by Longley. Images of the (001) plane are of particular interest since they give a projection down the 31-screw axis in space group P3121. Images obtained by the method of Longley or by tannic acid fixation are negatively contrasted since control experiments with orthorhombic catalase plates yield negatively stained specimens with conditions used for the larger trigonal crystals.

Deviations from Ideal Decagonal Symmetry in Electron Diffraction Patterns of the “Decagonal” Phase in the Al-Co-Cu Alloy System

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 914-915
Author(s):  
Atul S. Ramani ◽  
Earle R. Ryba ◽  
Paul R. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Dimensional Lattice ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Decagonal Phase ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Lattice Periodicity ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The “decagonal” phase in the Al-Co-Cu system of nominal composition Al65CO15Cu20 first discovered by He et al. is especially suitable as a topic of investigation since it has been claimed that it is thermodynamically stable and is reported to be periodic in the dimension perpendicular to the plane of quasiperiodic 10-fold symmetry. It can thus be expected that it is an important link between fully periodic and fully quasiperiodic phases. In the present paper, we report important findings of our transmission electron microscope (TEM) study that concern deviations from ideal decagonal symmetry of selected area diffraction patterns (SADPs) obtained from several “decagonal” phase crystals and also observation of a lattice of main reflections on the 10-fold and 2-fold SADPs that implies complete 3-dimensional lattice periodicity and the fundamentally incommensurate nature of the “decagonal” phase. We also present diffraction evidence for a new transition phase that can be classified as being one-dimensionally quasiperiodic if the lattice of main reflections is ignored.

A Novel Reconstitution Method for Inducing the Formation of Regular 2-Dimensional Arrays of Membrane Proteins and Lipids

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 152-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Engel ◽  
A. Holzenburg ◽  
K. Stauffer ◽  
J. Rosenbusch ◽  
U. Aebi
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Peltier Element ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
3 Dimensional

Reconstitution of solubilized and purified membrane proteins in the presence of phospholipids into vesicles allows their functions to be studied by simple bulk measurements (e.g. diffusion of differently sized solutes) or by conductance measurements after transformation into planar membranes. On the other hand, reconstitution into regular protein-lipid arrays, usually forming at a specific lipid-to-protein ratio, provides the basis for determining the 3-dimensional structure of membrane proteins employing the tools of electron crystallography.To refine reconstitution conditions for reproducibly inducing formation of large and highly ordered protein-lipid membranes that are suitable for both electron crystallography and patch clamping experiments aimed at their functional characterization, we built a flow-dialysis device that allows precise control of temperature and flow-rate (Fig. 1). The flow rate is generated by a peristaltic pump and can be adjusted from 1 to 500 ml/h. The dialysis buffer is brought to a preselected temperature during its travel through a meandering path before it enters the dialysis reservoir. A Z-80 based computer controls a Peltier element allowing the temperature profile to be programmed as function of time.

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