Turning land into capital? The expansion and extraction of value in Laos

Since 2006, the government of Laos has pursued a policy of “Turning Land into Capital”, which broadly refers to the generation of economic value from the marketization of land, producing not only profit but also government revenue and economic development. The policy's ambiguity raises questions regarding the precise political-economic processes at work and what exactly the transformation of land into capital might mean. Building on Marxist theorizations of land, value, capital, and rent, this paper argues that land under capitalism does not only operate as a rent-bearing asset, in which value is extracted from elsewhere. Land can also be treated as a real form of capital, or capitalized, when its social relations are transformed to facilitate value expansion and act as a store of value mobilized for further investment. It is imperative to investigate how land is used to expand value as capital, extract value as rent, or do both. This paper examines four manifestations of the Turning Land into Capital policy to outline the contours of struggles and contestations over the production and distribution of value in the Lao political economy.

PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN FIKIH PADA ANAK DENGAN METODE DEMONSTRASI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI TPQ AL-HIKMAH KELURAHAN NGRONGGO KOTA KEDIRI

Pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan pembelajaran Fikih menggunakan metode demonstrasi sebagai alternatif pengajaran dimasa pandemi Covid-­19. Pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan ini berdasarkan pada Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. Pengabdian masyarakat ini sebagai wujud dari program kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata Tematik dari rumah (KKN DR) IAIN Kediri yang dilakukan secara virtual dan memperhatikan protokol kesehatan yang berlaku. Bentuk kegiatan ini bermacam­-macam diantaranya adalah kampanye media sosial dan pengajaran. Kampanye media sosial digunakan sebagai bentuk edukasi masyarakat tentang Covid-19 sedangkan pengajaran merupakan bentuk nyata kepedulian tentang pendidikan di masa pandemi. Kegiatan penerapan pembelajaran pada materi Fikih menggunakan metode demonstrasi ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Ngronggo kepada anak-anak TPQ al-Hikmah ang bertujuan memberikan alternatif di masa pembelajaran agama di masa pandemi. Hasil dari pengabdian tersebut menunjukkan respon positif, dimana anak-anak dapat menerima pembelajaran Fikih dan mendemonstrasikan agar dapat membantu mereka untuk belajar pendidikan agama Islam dengan lebih mudah dan bermakna. This community service aims to introduce Fiqh learning using the demonstration method as an alternative teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic. This community service is based on the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. This community service is a manifestation of the Thematic Real Work Lecture from home (KKN DR) IAIN Kediri program which is carried out virtually and takes into account the applicable health protocols. These activities take various forms, including social media campaigns and teaching. Social media campaigns are used as a form of public education about Covid-19, while teaching is a real form of concern about education during the pandemic. The activity of implementing learning on Fiqh material using the demonstration method was carried out in Ngronggo Village for TPQ al-Hikmah children with the aim of providing an alternative during religious learning during the pandemic. The results of this service show a positive response, where children can receive Fiqh learning and demonstrate so that it can help them to learn Islamic religious education more easily and meaningfully.

Eco-Sufism concept in Syair Nasihat as an alternative to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) policy in the environmental sector

This report examined the dimensions of Sufism related to sustainable environmental conservation efforts contained in the Syair Nasihat (SN) text. SN is an ancient manuscript about the teachings of eco-Sufism that is written in Arabic and Malay. The eco-Sufism teachings in SN text are more concerned with natural processes in seeking the safety of themselves and their environment. The efforts are carried out through a process of self-dynamics that is more integrative, namely humanistic-theocentric. The process of shifting the dynamics was originally self-centered, then slowly and gradually shifted to the community, namely togetherness divinely, humanity, and nature. It means that all human behavior must always be directed solely to gain the pleasure of God and also oriented to provide safety and welfare for the universe, including humans and the environment. This is a representation of the concept of leader on earth and a real form of amaliah regarding the elaboration of the concept of greeting or spreading safety and welfare for the universe. Thus, the concept of eco-Sufism contained in the SN text is expected to be duplicated and applied in other places so that it can support the policy of SDGs in the environmental field.

A Splitting Result for Real Submanifolds of a Kähler Manifold

Let $$(Z,\omega )$$ ( Z , ω ) be a connected Kähler manifold with an holomorphic action of the complex reductive Lie group $$U^\mathbb {C}$$ U C , where U is a compact connected Lie group acting in a hamiltonian fashion. Let G be a closed compatible Lie group of $$U^\mathbb {C}$$ U C and let M be a G-invariant connected submanifold of Z. Let $$x\in M$$ x ∈ M . If G is a real form of $$U^\mathbb {C}$$ U C , we investigate conditions such that $$G\cdot x$$ G · x compact implies $$U^\mathbb {C}\cdot x$$ U C · x is compact as well. The vice-versa is also investigated. We also characterize G-invariant real submanifolds such that the norm-square of the gradient map is constant. As an application, we prove a splitting result for real connected submanifolds of $$(Z,\omega )$$ ( Z , ω ) generalizing a result proved in Gori and Podestà (Ann Global Anal Geom 26: 315–318, 2004), see also Bedulli and Gori (Results Math 47: 194–198, 2005), Biliotti (Bull Belg Math Soc Simon Stevin 16: 107–116 2009).

SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS DIVISION OF THE KAZAKHS INTO “ZHUZES”AND THE ROLE OF BIIES IN THIS

The origin and purpose of juzes is one of the most important issues in the historiography of Kazakhstan. Despite significant changes in methodological approaches to the study of the history of the Kazakh people, disagreements still persist.Zhuzes became a real form of social and political organization of the Kazakh people. Scientists do not have a consensus about the time of the appearance of juzes, the reasons for their appearance and the internal structure.In Kazakhstani historiography, Juzes are recognized as an integral part of a single Kazakh nation and traditionally established unions of tribes inhabiting their territories.As a result of religious and spiritual processes in the Golden Horde, and then in the Kazakh Khanate, the division of the state and tribes into three parts gradually acquired a religious and spiritual character. After the reorganization of tribal organizations and Juzes, genealogical ties and Juz systems played an important role in the sphere of power and ideological relations. Kazakh biys regulated the organization and interaction of Kazakhs as a single ethnic group. This was mainly due to the consumer orientation of the nomadic economy, as well as spiritual and ideological needs. Therefore, the system of genealogical kinship and dynasties played an important ideological and regulatory role in the life of a nomadic society.Key words:Kazakh ethnos, zhuzes, yassaviya tarikat, spiritual and religious processes, biys institute, historical process, ethnogenesis.

Telaah Memaknai Penyertaan Allah Dalam Bingkai Teologi Pentakosta

Pentecostals are people who build their understanding of faith on the basis of a practical life that conforms to the Bible. The Bible gives an illustration of God's desire to be with believers. Immanuel is a term that refers to the existence of God who accompanies His people and is manifested by the presence of the Lord Jesus Himself (Matt. 123). This article's research specifically wants to highlight how Pentecostal theology interprets God's inclusion. The method used in this research is descriptive and literature review. How the inclusion of God in the lives of people whom the Bible believes in is discussed in such depth as the inclusion of God in the lives of Joseph, Moses, and Daniel. This article also discusses the real form of God's participation in the person and ministry of the Lord Jesus the gospel. The research results show that God's participation is the desire of God's heart to be present in the daily lives of believers as His chosen people. The presence of Allah also means God's care and protection. An understanding of God's presence awakens faith to believe confidently and live for God.Keywords: immanuel; god inclusion; pentecost; pentecostalism; pentecostal theology AbstrakKaum Pentakosta adalah kaum yang membangun pemahaman iman mereka berdasarkan kehidupan praktis yang menyesuaikan dengan Alkitab. Alkitab memberikan gambaran tentang kerinduan Allah untuk menyertai orang percaya. Imanuel merupakan sebutan yang mengacu pada keberadaan Allah yang menyertai umat-Nya dan di wujud nyatakan oleh kehadiran Tuhan Yesus sendiri (Mat. 123). Penelitian artikel ini secara khusus ingin menyoroti bagaimana teologi Pentakosta memaknai penyertaan Allah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dan kajian literatur. Bagaimana penyertaan Allah dalam kehidupan orang percaya yang dicatat oleh Alkitab diulas secara mendalam seperti penyertaan Allah dalam kehidupan Yusuf, Musa, dan Daniel. Artikel ini juga mengulas wujud nyata penyertaan Allah dalam diri dan pelayanan Tuhan Yesus yang dicatat Injil. Hasil penelitian memaparkan bahwa penyertaan Allah merupakan kerinduan hati Allah untuk hadir dalam keseharian hidup orang percaya sebagai umat pilihan-Nya. Penyertaan Allah juga berarti pemeliharaan Allah dan perlindungan Allah. Pemahaman akan penyertaan Allah ini membangkitkan iman untuk dengan yakin mempercayai dan hidup bagi Allah. Kata Kunci: imanuel; penyertaan allah; pentakosta; pentakostalisme; teologi pentakosta

Invariant measures on nilpotent orbits associated with holomorphic discrete series

Let G R G_\mathbb R be a real form of a complex, semisimple Lie group G G . Assume G R G_\mathbb R has holomorphic discrete series. Let W \mathcal W be a nilpotent coadjoint G R G_\mathbb R -orbit contained in the wave front set of a holomorphic discrete series. We prove a limit formula, expressing the canonical measure on W \mathcal W as a limit of canonical measures on semisimple coadjoint orbits, where the parameter of orbits varies over the positive chamber defined by the Borel subalgebra associated with holomorphic discrete series.

Analyzing earnings management preferences from business strategies

Purpose This study aims to examine the preference for earnings management (EM) strategies according to business strategies, namely, cost leadership strategies and differentiation strategies, Design/methodology/approach This study analyzed 262 samples of manufacturing and service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019. Logistic regression analysis is used to test the company’s EM strategy preferences based on the applied business strategy. Findings The results prove that business strategy has a significant effect on EM strategy preferences. Companies that implement a cost leadership strategy tend to use an accrual form of EM rather than a real form of EM. Conversely, companies that implement a differentiation strategy tend to use a real form of EM. Research limitations/implications Theoretically, this study confirms that contingency theory can explain EM practice preferences based on business strategy. Practically, this study helps auditors and financial statement analysts in assessing the quality of financial statements, as well as the risk of financial misstatement based on the business strategy adopted by the companies. Originality/value Based on prior literature, research studies on the analysis of EM strategy preferences based on business strategy have been limited.

The Human Ecology: An Inverted Asswattha Plant (Ficus religiosa), A Symbolic Presentation by Sri Krishna in The Bhagavad Gita–An Analytical Review

ABSTRACT SriKrishna has presented human ecology (Manusya Loka) as an imperishable banyan tree in Bhagavad Gita that has its roots upward and branches down. The leaves of the plant are the Vedic hymns (human knowledge) and the twigs and buds are the objects of senses. The tree has also roots growing down (towards the branches), which are bound to the fruitive actions of human society. The plant is nourished by the three modes (Gunas) of material nature. The real form of this tree cannot be perceived in this world. No one can understand its foundation, beginning and end. The workculture of detachment is the weapon to cut down this strongly rooted tree, to make oneself free from the cycle of birth and death.