Fire in the Firehouse? Preference Falsification and Informal Economic Activity in Peru

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico A. Marcelli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of

Since Peru's independence from Spain in 1821, and more recently, beginning with the revolutionary doctrine of APRA's founder, Haya de la Torre in 1920, there have been multiple attempts to transform socio-political institutions opposed to mass inclusion of persons working within the 'informal sector'. Paradoxically, Peru has had a history of extremely poor social reform despite the long-term presence of considerable reformist sentiment. In fact, not until the Velasco-led military coup of 1968 did the country become ripe for authentic institutional change. This paper develops a method of studying institutional continuity and change based upon the existence of preference falsification, which until now has been used almost exclusively to model mass revolutionary efforts of a violent nature. The argument is made that to gain a better understanding of why there has never been a mass revolutionary effort in Peru, at least as it is commonly defined, it is necessary to investigate how individual private and public preferences are influenced by the share of society expected to participate

The Experience of Poetry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Attridge
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
English Renaissance ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The question this book addresses is whether, in addition to its other roles, poetry—or a cultural practice we now call poetry—has, across the two-and-a-half millennia from the composition of the Homeric epics to the publication of Ben Jonson’s Works and the death of Shakespeare in 1616, continuously afforded the pleasurable experience we identify with the crafting of language into memorable and moving rhythmic forms. Parts I and II examine the evidence for the performance of the Iliad and the Odyssey and of Ancient Greek lyric poetry, the impact of the invention of writing on Alexandrian verse, the performances of poetry that characterized Ancient Rome, and the private and public venues for poetic experience in Late Antiquity. Part III deals with medieval verse, exploring the oral traditions that spread across Europe in the vernacular languages, the importance of manuscript transmission, the shift from roll to codex and from papyrus to parchment, and the changing audiences for poetry. Part IV explores the achievements of the English Renaissance, from the manuscript verse of Henry VIII’s court to the anthologies and collections of the late Elizabethan period. Among the topics considered in this part are the advent of print, the experience of the solitary reader, the continuing significance of manuscript circulation, the presence of poet figures in pageants and progresses, and the appearance of poets on the Elizabethan stage. Tracking both continuity and change, the book offers a history of what, over these twenty-five centuries, it has meant to enjoy a poem.

The Presidents of Costa Rica

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Busey
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Presidential History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

Writers have long claimed that Costa Rica has achieved standards of popular, constitutional government unusual for Latin America. A few recent commentators have attempted to modify the unstinted praise which others have been prone to lavish upon Costa Rican political institutions and processes.To evaluate properly the assumption that Costa Rica is somehow more “democratic” than her neighbors, there must be examination of a number of elements of Costa Rican political life—that is, press and public expression, individual rights, political parties, roles of judicial and legislative bodies, role of the military, and the like. Some studies have touched upon a few of these elements. Scholarship has yet to cover all of them. The present paper will confine itself to a further aspect of Costa Rican political life—that is, the presidential history of the country. By what means and under what circumstances have presidents secured and left office? How many have been long-term dictators? What have been the backgrounds and characteristics of leading Costa Rican presidents? How many have come from the military profession, and how many from civilian life?

scholarly journals M.M. Speransky and N.M. Karamzin: Two Ways of Civilized Development of Russia or a Dispute About a Rational System of Public Administration?

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-99
Author(s):  
Oleg Kuznetsov ◽  
Konstantin Lotarev ◽  
Vasiliy Tarakanov
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Transformation ◽  
Russian Soil ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative

Introduction. The introduction identifies one of the most important problems in the political history of Russia – the problem of determining and choosing the path of the long-term civilizational development in the aspect of liberal and conservative paradigm. Methods and materials. As the main methods the authors apply: the historical-comparative, systemic, typological and historical-political ones. The main sources are the following: ”Plan of State Transformation” by M.M. Speransky and “Note on Ancient and New Russia in Its Political and Civil Relations” by N.M. Karamzin. Analysis. In the course of the comparative analysis the authors carry out the study of the plan of M.M. Speransky’s state reforms and N.M. Karamzin’s political program in the aspect of the liberal and conservative axiology. The authors conclude that there were two different models of civilizational development of the state. One of them, represented by M.M. Speransky, suggested radical changes in the political system, legislation, social relations and led Russia to the liberal Western path of development. N.M. Karamzin proceeded from the priority of national and state traditions and the perniciousness of transferring European political institutions, customs and practicies to the Russian soil. Results. The result of the study is the conclusion that in the complete absence of a basis for the formation of liberalism in Russia, M.M. Speransky’s constitutional search was doomed to failure and resulted in the practice of building a system of the rational public administration within the framework of absolutism. Centuries-old historical traditions of Russia were much stronger than the desire of Alexander I to give the country a Constitution.

Development, Informal Institutions and Agency Analyzed through the Lens of New Institutional Anthropology: A Modification of Ensminger’s Framework on Institutional Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 137 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-91
Author(s):  
Johanna Friederike Goetter
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

In development research, much effort has gone into analyzing the impact of economic and political institutions and their adequate design. However, unforeseen factors such as the impact of the cumulative behavior of individuals as shaped by informal institutions – especially social norms and moral values – may also determine the pace and path of development. Thus, positive economic, social or political triggers may only then translate into development if the relevant actors adapt their strategies and actions appropriately. Similarly, while negative triggers may induce a deterioration of the socioeconomic situation if no adaptation or a mal-adaptation takes place, in another real-world setting with a different set of institutions and actors it may in turn be possible to preserve the status quo. Sound analytical frameworks are needed to gain a deeper understanding of the complex and dynamic interaction of factors leading to a case-specific outcome and history of change. These frameworks have to be specific enough to allow the interpretation of complex changes and dynamics and at the same time general enough to fully cover a broad range of diverse settings and all important but possibly unforeseen aspects. In this paper, I present a modified version of the Framework for Modeling Institutional Change developed by Jean Ensminger (1992). Accounting for the relationships and dynamics of incentives, formal and informal institutions, bargaining power and the constellation of actors, Ensminger’s framework, which is rooted in the theoretical approach of New Institutional Anthropology, merges important aspects from New Institutional Economics and anthropology. However, it fails to leave room for agency which, as the paper illustrates, has been shown to play an often important role in development. The modified version of Ensminger’s framework incorporates agency as a main factor. For the purpose of demonstration, it is applied to a case study on informal constraints to cope with cattle rustling in Madagascar. The paper illustrates the modified framework’s analytical strength for a meticulous investigation of a wide range of empirical cases and discusses to which development-related cases and research interests it fits best. JEL Codes: B52, O1, N57, Z13

Thomas Clarkson’s Quaker Trilogy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dee E. Andrews ◽  
Emma Jones Lapsansky-Werner
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Public Life ◽  
African Slave ◽  
William Penn ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of

This chapter presents a reading of Thomas Clarkson's “Quaker Trilogy”— comprising A Portraiture of Quakerism, The History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade, and The Memoirs of the Private and Public Life of William Penn—appearing between 1806 and 1813. These texts embodied the author's efforts in the wake of the French Revolution to reestablish abolition of the slave trade as a respectable and still international cause. In the Portraiture and the Memoirs, Quakers were unsurprisingly center stage. But in the History, they are central as well, though with little attention given to Quaker abolitionists' on-going struggle to raise the Friends' own consciousness about the dangers of slaveholding, or Quaker activists' sometimes “strategic deceptions” for achieving abolition. In the process, Clarkson not only slanted the Friends as the unambivalent agents of antislavery and himself as the premier chronicler of this great moment in British and American social activism, but he also designed a new kind of history: one that sought to combine the empirical drive of social science with the passion of social reform.

scholarly journals GLOBAL INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS OF IMERETI - REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-263
Author(s):  
TSITSINO DZOTSENIDZE
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Regional Conflict ◽  
History Of ◽  
Short And Long Term

Technological progress and innovation go hand in hand with the history of human civilization. It has a profound effect on the development of modern life. EU institutions, along with national institutions of member and associate countries, as well as a growing number of international and global political institutions, are major sources of 21st century formation. EU policy affects not only the lives of more than 500 million Europeans, but also global trends in areas such as climate change, resource utilization and sustainability, trade, healthcare, regional conflict resolution and poverty reduction. The aim of the paper is to show the trends of technological innovations that will play a big role in our lives in both the short and long term.

Atypical Femoral Fracture in McCune-Albright Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Salman Ghaffari ◽  
◽  
Mehran Razavipour ◽  
Parastoo Mohammad Amini ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Fracture ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Mccune Albright Syndrome ◽  
Café Au Lait Spots ◽  
History Of ◽  
Albright Syndrome ◽  
Mccune Albright

McCune-Albright Syndrome (MAS) is characterized by endocrinopathies, café-au-lait spots, and fibrous dysplasia. Bisphosphonates are the most prescribed treatment for reducing the pain but their long-term use has been associated with atypical fractures of cortical bones like femur in patients. We present a 23-year-old girl diagnosed with MAS. She had an atypical mid-shaft left femoral fracture that happened during simple walking. She also had a history of long-term use of alendronate. Because of the narrow medullary canal, we used 14 holes hybrid locking plate for the lateral aspect of the thigh to fix the fracture and 5 holes dynamic compression plate (instead of the intramedullary nail) in the anterior surface to double fix it, reducing the probability of device failure. With double plate fixation and discontinuation of alendronate, the complete union was achieved five months after surgery

Sinn Féin and the IRA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Sinn Fein ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Irish Republicanism ◽  
The Republic ◽  
British State ◽  
State Responses

When Sinn Féin and the IRA emerged in Northern Ireland in 1969 they used a combination of revolutionary politics and violence to an effort to overthrow British rule. Today, the IRA is in a state of ‘retirement’, violence is a tactic of the past, and Sinn Féin is a co-ruler of Northern Ireland and an ever growing political player in the Republic of Ireland. This is one of the most startling transformations of a radical violent movement into a peaceful political one in recent times. So what exactly changed within Irish republicanism, what remains the same, and, crucially, what caused these changes? Where existing studies explain the decision to end violence as the product of stalemate or strategic interplay with the British state, this book draws on a wealth of archival material and interviews to argue that moderation was a long-term process of increasing inclusion and contact with political institutions, which gradually extracted moderate concessions from republicanism. Crucially, these concessions did not necessitate republicans forsaking their long-term ethno-national goals. The book also considers the wider implications of Irish republicanism for other cases of separatist conflict, and has significance for the future study of state responses to violent separatism and of comparative peace processes.

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

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