scholarly journals Sanctions, cooperation, and innovation: Insights into Russian economy and implications for Russian firms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-26
Author(s):  
Andrey Panibratov
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
New Markets ◽  
International Firms ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Value ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is to reveal the effects of sanctions at the firm level, with the special attention to cooperation and innovation activity of sanctioned firms. Specifically, the differences between domestic and international companies in their ability to adapt to the sanctions in terms of their cooperation with partners and capability to innovate are discussed. The study argues that firms operating in international markets tend to prioritize product innovation and entering new markets to overcome negative consequences of sanctions. In addition, they are more likely to improve their products and to find new markets to compensate for losses and fill their unused capacities. An important finding having both managerial and political value is that operating in the international market may not necessarily provide an advantage in terms of new partners in the local market but rather facilitate the search for new foreign markets. Inviting the government to provide assistance for Russian domestic and international firms on an equal basis, we admit that with varying degrees of control and interest in national firms, the Russian government can help sanctioned companies in different ways, regardless the scale of their internationalization. The study contributes to the literature on the impact of economic sanctions at the firm-level and in the context of the domestic market of the sanctioned country.

scholarly journals Innovation in the Textiles Sector: A Firm-Level Analysis of Technological and Nontechnological Innovation

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 129-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Wadho ◽  
Azam Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovation Rate

In a knowledge-based economy, it has become increasingly important to better understand critical aspects of the innovation process such as innovation activities beyond R&D, the interaction among different actors in the market and the relevant knowledge flows. Using a sample of 431 textiles and apparel manufacturers, this paper explores the dynamics of firms’ innovation activities by analyzing their innovation behavior, the extent and types of innovation, the resources devoted to innovation, sources of knowledge spillovers, the factors hampering technological innovation and the returns to innovation for three years, 2013–15. Our results show that 56 percent of the surveyed firms introduced technological and/or nontechnological innovations, while 38 percent introduced new products, these innovations were generally incremental as the majority of innovations were new only to the firm. Furthermore, the innovation rate increases with firm size; large firms have an innovation rate of 83 percent, followed by medium firms (68 percent) and small firms (39 percent). Technologically innovative firms spent, on average, 10 percent of their turnover on innovation expenditure in 2015. Acquisition of machinery and equipment is the main innovation activity, accounting for 56 percent of innovation expenditures. Large firms consider foreign market sources (clients and suppliers) and small firms consider local market sources their key source of information and cooperation. 63 percent of technological innovators cite improving the quality of goods as their most important objective. Lack of available funds within the enterprise is the single most important cost factor hampering innovation, followed by the high cost of innovation. Our results show that 67 percent of the turnover among product innovators in 2015 resulted from product innovations that were either new to the market or new to the firm.

scholarly journals Warlords, the United States, and the state of anarchy in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shah Azami
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As part of its “War on Terror”, the United States (US) provided immense sums of money and advanced equipment to Afghan warlords in order to defeat and dismantle the Taliban and al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. Nearly two decades after the 2001 US-led intervention in Afghanistan that toppled the Taliban regime, the US continues supporting the warlords in various ways. As the intervention was also aimed at establishing a functioning state and reconstruction of the war-torn country, the US needed the support of local warlords to achieve its goals. However, over time, warlords and warlordism became a major challenge to the postTaliban state-building project and in many ways undermined the overall security and the state monopoly on violence. These warlords, who had been mostly expelled and defeated by the Taliban regime, returned under the aegis of the B52 bombers, recaptured parts of the country and reestablished their fiefdoms with US support and resources. They not only resist giving up the power and prestige they have accumulated over the past few years, but also hamper the effort to improve governance and enact necessary reforms in the country. In addition, many of them run their private militias and have been accused of serious human rights abuses as well as drug trafficking, arms smuggling, illegal mining and extortion in the areas under their control or influence. In many ways, they challenge the government authority and have become a major hurdle to the country’s emerging from lawlessness and anarchy. This paper explores the emergence and reemergence of warlords in Afghanistan as well as the evolution of chaos and anarchy in the country, especially after the US-led intervention of late 2001. It also analyzes the impact of the post-9/11 US support to Afghan warlords and its negative consequences for the overall stability and the US-led state-building process in Afghanistan.

The Impact of Globalization on Development of MSMEs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
Rama Mohana Rao Katta ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Patro
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
National Level ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

Globalization has been a significant force in the development of the market and economic environments. The micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) need to focus on technological capabilities to face the competition in the globalized market. They have to analyze the market opportunities in the rapidly growing economy as well as emerging markets. The aids of a globalized and digital economy depends to an excessive extent on favourable business environments and healthy competition. The performance of MSMEs depends on accessibility to various strategic resources like abilities, technical know-how, innovativeness, and finance. Thus, it is imperative to consider the factors influencing work conditions firm level, and the strategies formulated at the national level are organized to local business perspectives. This paper examines the global scenario of MSMEs, the impact of globalization, the role of MSMEs in India, the growth perspectives of MSMEs during the pre-and post-globalization period, the critical challenges, and the role of the government in encouraging and developing MSMEs.

Application of Data Envelopment Analysis and Key Characteristics of Greek Agro-Firms

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Lemonakis
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Government ◽  
Financial Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to investigate key characteristics for the competitiveness in Greek agro-firms during the time period 2004 to 2011, based on firm level financial data. The study attempts to determine the firms' efficiency as well as the impact of exporting activity in agro-firms competitiveness, and more specifically in fisheries, farms with livestock and farms with fruits, vegetables and cereals. Although many empirical studies have been conducted relative to manufacturing firms' financial characteristics, limited research exists on agro-food firms. The use of DEA method seems to be a very useful tool for efficiency assessment and identification of best practices in firms' management for both managers and the Government as well in order to facilitate the growth of the agricultural sector.

Is a Corruption Crackdown Really Good for the Economy? Firm-Level Evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Xu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We study the impact of anticorruption efforts on firm performance, exploiting an unanticipated corruption crackdown in China’s Heilongjiang province in 2004. We compare firms in the affected regions with those in other inland regions before and after the crackdown. Our main finding is an overall negative impact of the crackdown on firm productivity and entry rates. Furthermore, these negative impacts are mainly experienced by private and foreign firms, while state-owned firms are mostly unaffected. We present evidence concerning two potential explanations for our findings. First, the corruption crackdown may have limited bribery opportunities that helped private firms operate. Second, the corruption crackdown may have interfered with personal connections between private firms and government officials to a greater extent than institutional connections between state-owned firms and the government. Overall, our findings suggest that corruption crackdowns may not restore efficiency in the economy, but instead lead to worse economic outcomes, at least in the short run (JEL L2, M1, O1).

Board diversity: female director participation and corporate innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Vafaei ◽  
Darren Henry ◽  
Kamran Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Innovation ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Female Director ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of board female participation on Australian firms’ innovation. Design/methodology/approach Data are from the 500 largest Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)-listed companies for 2004–2015. Measures of innovation concern input (research and development expenditure and intangible assets) and output (patents registered) indicators. Findings A positive and significant association exists between female director participation and firm innovation activity. This association exists across industry classifications independent of technological importance and is particularly driven by materials and health-care sectors. Findings support calls for more board diversity in line with board female membership positively influencing innovative investment and development activities. Practical implications The economic efficacy of the latest revisions to the ASX Corporate Governance Council principles and recommendations (“ASX CGC revisions”) is supported. Diverse boards are a strong source of innovation. Regulators and corporations can use the findings to establish principles and practices that promote female board diversity. Originality/value This study is the first to examine the link between board diversity and corporate innovation in Australia where there is under-representation of women on corporate boards and in key management positions. Also lacking are formal legislative or governance policy mandates on board gender diversity. Beyond confirming a positive association between board diversity and levels of corporate innovation, this paper provides new findings that this relationship is driven by women who are non-executive (independent) directors, independent of the underlying technology intensity of firms and moderated by the nature of firm-level profitability and growth opportunities.

scholarly journals The costs of resource-led development. An analysis of the economic impact of the oil extraction boom in Colombia

2016 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Paulina Kupisz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Oil Boom ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
The Impact

Oil-rich countries often face negative consequences of natural resources-led development on their overall economic performance. One of the reasons is that a country’s rising extraction rates frequently lead to various changes in its public policy and revenue management. Colombia has spectacularly increased its oil production by almost 500,000 barrels per day (bpd) in ten years, which was the effect principally of the implementation of strongly market-oriented petroleum policies in 2003. It is now the fourth largest crude producer in Latin America, registering nearly ten times more export sales than at the end of the 20th century. The economic effects of the oil-boom are already visible, which has created many new challenges the government must face in order to ensure sustainable development in the country, and to be able to mitigate the impact of the recently dropping world oil prices. The purpose of the article is to present the latest findings on the impact of the oil sector development on the Colombian economy in the 21st century, focusing especially on the current situation.

scholarly journals The Governance Challenge within Socio-Technical Transition Processes: Public Bicycles and Smartphone-Based Bicycles in Guangzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9447
Author(s):  
Hongze Tan ◽  
Shengchen Du
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Land Control ◽  
The Impact

In urban China, utilitarian cycling plays a significant role in achieving sustainable mobility. Within this context, different kinds of sharing-bicycle programs equipped with new technologies/devices emerge and extend. By comparing two generations of them in Guangzhou (China), this paper explores how new technologies impact existing modes of mobility governance. First, the technical innovations, e.g., app-based bicycle locks and micro-GPS equipment, contribute to liberating emerging private companies from existing governmental regulations based on land control. Second, the adoption of these innovations not only contributes to the accumulation of cultural and symbolic capitals based on a fashionable lifestyle but also links bicycles to personal point-to-point travel data that could be translated to economic capital. Third, the discrepancy between the dispositions of the government and private companies regarding the innovations opens an opportunity for the quick extension of sharing bicycles, which brings both positive and negative consequences on citizens’ daily travel and life. The absence of other civic actors in the decision-making process accelerates the negative consequences caused by the profit-driven fast extension of sharing bicycles and the governmental top-down governing logic. These findings provide academia with implications for understanding the impact of innovations on achieving sustainable mobility.

scholarly journals Trade Policy, Infrastructure and Agricultural Output in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Lionel Effiom ◽  
Bassey Ebi
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Government ◽  
Liberalization Policy ◽  
The Impact

The collapse of the international price of crude oil in 2015 and its attendant negative consequences on government fiscal capacity and development efforts re-echoed the need for Nigerians to return to agriculture as the surest means of conserving foreign exchange and revamping productive capacity. Within this context, this paper deploys the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) econometric methodology to investigate the impact of Nigeria’s trade policy and infrastructural development on agricultural value added. Findings show that in the long run Nigeria’s trade liberalization policy is a disincentive to the growth of the agricultural sector value added, while key components of infrastructure (roads, telecommunications, and electricity consumption) had a significant relationship with the agricultural sector. We advocate guided trade liberalization wherein, while embracing the principles of conventional trade deregulation, the government properly articulates the weakness of the economy’s productive structure and encourage farmers and local producers to attain maturity. Specifically, the current ban on some selected food items should be consolidated, without which Nigeria would continue to be a net food importer. Goveronment might consider studying and implementing the African Development Bank’s Infrastructure Action Plan for Nigeria.

scholarly journals The Global Impact of Brexit Uncertainty

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek A. Hassan ◽  
Laurence van Lent ◽  
Stephan Hollander ◽  
Ahmed Tahoun
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conference Calls ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
International Firms ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Quarterly Earnings ◽  
First Moment ◽  
The Impact

Using tools from computational linguistics, we construct new measures of the impact of Brexit on listed firms in the United States and around the world: the share of discussions in quarterly earnings conference calls on costs, benefits, and risks associated with the UK’s intention to leave the EU. Using this approach, we identify which firms expect to gain or lose from Brexit and which are most affected by Brexit uncertainty. We then estimate the effects of these different kinds of Brexit exposure on firm-level outcomes. We find that concerns about Brexit-related uncertainty extend far beyond British or even European firms. US and international firms most exposed to Brexit uncertainty have lost a substantial fraction of their market value and have reduced hiring and investment. In addition to Brexit uncertainty (the second moment), we find that international firms overwhelmingly expect negative direct effects of Brexit (the first moment), should it come to pass. Most prominently, firms expect difficulties resulting from regulatory divergence, reduced labor mobility, trade access, and the costs of adjusting their operations post-Brexit. Consistent with the predictions of canonical theory, this negative sentiment is recognized and priced in stock markets but has not yet had significant effects on firm actions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document