scholarly journals Trade Policy, Infrastructure and Agricultural Output in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Lionel Effiom ◽  
Bassey Ebi
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Government ◽  
Liberalization Policy ◽  
The Impact

The collapse of the international price of crude oil in 2015 and its attendant negative consequences on government fiscal capacity and development efforts re-echoed the need for Nigerians to return to agriculture as the surest means of conserving foreign exchange and revamping productive capacity. Within this context, this paper deploys the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) econometric methodology to investigate the impact of Nigeria’s trade policy and infrastructural development on agricultural value added. Findings show that in the long run Nigeria’s trade liberalization policy is a disincentive to the growth of the agricultural sector value added, while key components of infrastructure (roads, telecommunications, and electricity consumption) had a significant relationship with the agricultural sector. We advocate guided trade liberalization wherein, while embracing the principles of conventional trade deregulation, the government properly articulates the weakness of the economy’s productive structure and encourage farmers and local producers to attain maturity. Specifically, the current ban on some selected food items should be consolidated, without which Nigeria would continue to be a net food importer. Goveronment might consider studying and implementing the African Development Bank’s Infrastructure Action Plan for Nigeria.

Evaluation of the impact of institutional and structural changes on the development of the Russian agricultural sector

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily Ya. Uzun ◽  
Nataliya I. Shagaida
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Employment ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The article analyzes the most important institutional and structural changes in the agriculture of Russia in 2006—2016. The research has shown that the policy of reducing state participation in agricultural enterprises, increasing the concentration of property and management in the hands of a smaller number of individuals, growing share of agricultural organizations and farmers in the production of agricultural products, as well as the state support of agricultural holdings have played a positive role in the development of production. Structural changes in land use and land ownership of agricultural organizations are taking place. An attempt has been made to evaluate these changes. As the research has revealed, structural changes that ensured the growth of production had some negative consequences: the expansion of the activities of agricultural holdings led not only to the reduction in agricultural employment, but also to the decline of the rural population; the owners and managers rather than workers have become the main beneficiaries of the growth of revenues and incomes in organizations and redistribution of value added.

scholarly journals Agricultural Restructure Policy in Vietnam and Practical Application for Sustainable Development in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Vinh Bao Ngoc ◽  
Nguyen Manh Hung ◽  
Phuong Thu Pham
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Liberalization Policy ◽  
The Impact

The Vietnam’s agricultural sector had to challenge with its course and learned lessons of further development. Novel policy might be adopted to encourage the private investments and sectors in agriculture. Furthermore, an introduction of new models such as climate-smart or green agriculture and application of modern technology increased productivity at the same time and creating jobs for millions of agricultural workers and reversing the massive rural-urban migration flux. Vietnam’s agricultural sector needs to maintain the reform momentum, particularly liberalization policy, and to boost up agricultural potential. Obstacles such as land limitation policy must be removed to enable large-scale production and encourage private investment in the agricultural sector. To avoid being trapped by its own success, Vietnam is now shifting the old development paradigm that focuses too much on the quantity to the quality of the agricultural production. The government makes major efforts to achieve at the same time agricultural growth, better livelihood of the farmer, and the development of the rural areas. However, Vietnam still needs to prepare a “transition strategy” to overcome the impact of the technological progress on the traditional agricultural workers.

Multifunctionality of Agriculture and Its Influence on the Process of International Trade Liberalization

2003 ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
S. Mikhnevich
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
The Impact

The essence of the modern concept of multifunctionality of agriculture is analysed in the article. Three multifunctional aspects of agricultural sector, the influence of the concept of multifunctionality on the process of trade policy negotiations in the framework of the WTO, the impact of the said concept on the process of liberalization of the international trade of agricultural produce are considered.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ON POVERTY IN ACEH PROVINCE

TRIKONOMIKA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Reovasimulo Anakusara ◽  
Abd Jamal ◽  
Chenny Seftarita ◽  
Indra Maipita
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This empirical study aims to analyze the impact of economic growth and employment in the agricultural sector on poverty in Aceh Province. The study is conducted on annual time series data for the period of 1995-2017 while to explain the research objectives used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Granger Causality. The results found, in the short term, only employment in the agricultural sector has a significant effect on poverty. Meanwhile, in the long term, economic growth has a profound and negative impact on poverty. On the contrary, the absorption of labor in the agricultural sector tends to increase poverty. In addition, the results obtained that economic growth has a unidirectional relationship with employment in the agricultural sector. It was, therefore, suggested that the government should prioritize economic development in regions that have relatively high poverty rate and build an agro-industry in Aceh to increase agricultural value added and also absorb more labor so it can enable to reduce the poverty rate.

scholarly journals Taxation of Agricultural Producers: The Consequences of Transformational Changes and Directions for Further Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (518) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
H. O. Partyn ◽  
◽  
O. B. Kurylo ◽  
A. R. Podaryn ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

An efficient development of the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine is possible only under the condition of stability and optimality of tax legislation, while its constant changes adversely affect the activities of agricultural enterprises. Therefore, the State support and the creation of favorable conditions for development will allow the agro-industrial complex to become a highly efficient and competitive sector of the economy. The article is concerned with studying and analyzing the transformational changes in taxation of agricultural producers in Ukraine. Both the positive and the negative consequences of tax reforms implementation are examined, in particular, the results of the introduction of a single tax for the taxation of agricultural enterprises are considered and the dynamics of volumes of its revenues to local budgets is analyzed; the main problems that arose in the agricultural sector as a result of the reform carried out by the State on receiving the value added tax (VAT) from agricultural enterprises are distinguished and the impact of this reform on the profitability of these enterprises is disclosed. Efficiency of the introduction of the system of budget subsidies for agricultural producers, which were provided to them in connection with the abolition of a special VAT tax regime, is analyzed. Since support for the agricultural sector is one of the strategic priorities for the development of the national economy, the main aspects of the processes of further reform of the taxation system of agricultural enterprises are distinguished. This will increase the efficiency of their activities, improve the financial condition and develop agricultural production in Ukraine. As a result, this will have a positive impact on the increase in tax revenues to budgets of all levels and reduce attempts to evade taxation.

THE IMPACT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT ON AGRICULTURAL SECTOR PERFOMANCE IN KENYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-57
Author(s):  
John Githii Kimani ◽  
Dr. George Ruigu Ruigu
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Parsimonious Model ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of research and development investment/expenditure on the agricultural sector performance in Kenya.Methodology: The study took the peoples impact assessment direction. The data for this study was collected from various government agencies such as KARI, ASTI, Kenya Agricultural Sector Data compendium website, FAOSTAT, World Bank among others. Co-integration and error correction modeling methods were used in analyzing the data for this study.Results: Co-integration results for both the parsimonious and non-parsimonious model indicated that that there is a long-run relationship among the variables in the agriculture performance in Kenya. Further, findings in this study indicated that the variables under study were insignificant determinants of the long run Total Factor Productivity of the agricultural sector.  Meanwhile, Trade openness was the only significant determinant of the short run agricultural Total Factor Productivity.Unique Contribution to Policy and Practice: This study recommends the institutionalization of policies aimed at ensuring interaction between the various stakeholders in the agricultural sectors. This interaction will ensure that resources are better allocated to reduce duplication of research and dissemination activities. In addition, greater collaboration among the stakeholders will promote and strengthen the connection between research, policy and the application of research findings. The study further advocates that the government should follow a trade liberazation oriented approach to the agricultural sector as opposed to a trade tightening approach.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION BETWEEN UKRAINE AND EU ON TRADE AND INVESTMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Olefir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The benefits and costs of the implementation of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) between Ukraine and the EU have been studied. The study aimed to find out to what extent the implementation of DCFTA has helped increase exports and attract foreign direct investment into Ukraine’s economy. A comparison method was used to conduct the study. The period of implementation of the DCFTA (2016-2020) was compared with the period before the implementation of the DCFTA (2010- 2014). Due to trade liberalization, exports of Ukrainian goods to the EU and imports of goods from the EU to Ukraine have increased. Trade liberalization has not contributed to further attracting foreign direct investment from the EU to Ukraine’s economy. The urgent task of the Government of Ukraine is to create a business regulatory environment according to European standards and protect foreign investment.

scholarly journals Policies supporting for agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam: An experience from agricultural cooperatives in the Red River Delta

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Hai Ninh Nguyen Thi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Farm Land ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural cooperatives have been established in Vietnam since the 1950s. During its development, agricultural cooperatives have made significant contributions to the growth of agricultural sector and to the improvement of farmers' income who are members of the cooperatives. Since Vietnam implemented the "Innovation-Doi moi" in 1986, the Government has continued to issue many policies to support for agricultural cooperatives. However, the impact of these policies on the development of almost all agricultural cooperatives has not been as expected. This paper aims to analyze the implementation of several policies supporting for agricultural cooperatives; to identify advantages and disadvantages of these policies; and to propose solutions for improving policies in the furture. In addition to secondary data from the Vietnam Cooperative Alliance, this paper uses primary data collected from 60 agricultural cooperatives in the Red River Delta to analyze the implementation of policies on cooperative staffs training, cooperative finance supporting, and cooperative land supporting. Bascially, the results show that the policy on training cooperative staff is quite well implemented, it helps to improve the capacity of cooperative managers in all surveyed cooperatives. In contrast, the finance supporting policy has many regulations that make it difficult for agricultural cooperatives to access capital, only nearly 30% of surveyed cooperatives get loans for production. Similarly, the land supporting policy also has unreasonable regulations which prevent agricultural cooperatives from scaling-up production because of the lack of farm-land. Consequently, about 60% of surveyed cooperatives are supported to rent farm-land for expanding agricultural production.

scholarly journals Impact of Implementation of Goods and Service Tax on Indian Banking Sector

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Revathi R. ◽  
Madhushree ◽  
P. S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The banking sector is one of the biggest and revenue generating sector in our economy. Indiais a country with impressively splendid banks with sufficient capital and well-regulated rulesand regulations. One of the biggest transformations that the sector faced during this period isGST i.e., Goods and Service Tax, a new tax regime introduced in the midnight of 1 July2017. Now the new tax regime has become one year old and there are so many changeswhich happened in the banking sector during this one-year periods. Introduction of GST tothe banking sector was one the highly risky and challenging role for the government. GST isa replacement to the Value Added Tax (VAT) which was implied on goods and services. Themain purpose of studying the impact of implementation of GST is to avoid double taxationon goods and services. It is a self-regulated tax system with a simplifies tax regime whichreduces the multiplicity of tax. The purpose of this study is to know the challenges faced bythe Banking sector and its effects on the customers after the implementation of the GST.New tax regime made an incredible step by the abolish of centralized registration of thebanks. Now all the bank branches have to register under GST in each state for the smoothfunctioning. The tax rate has created an impression in the banking sector that the sector iscontributing much toward the economic growth of the country. Tax slabs is anotherimportant and critical thing discussed in this paper which has substantially increasedcompared to the old tax regime. Data for the study have been collected from secondary datasources such as journals, internet, and news articles. Using the ABCD qualitative analysistechnique, advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages for both banks and thecustomers for payment of GST are identified.

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