scholarly journals Synergy Of Soil Fertilization And Pollination For Sunflowers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Van Der Merwe ◽  
Dolapo Akinnuoye-Adelabu ◽  
Angelinus Franke
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Free State ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Ecological Intensification ◽  
Eastern Free State

In order to harness the potential of ecological intensification during sunflower cropping, it is crucial to understand the potential synergies between crop management and ecosystem services. We therefore examined the effect of differing pollination intensification on sunflower yield and productivity under various levels of soil fertilization during 2017/18 and 2018/19 seasons in the eastern Free State, South Africa. We manipulated soil fertility with fertilizer treatments and used exclusion bags to manipulate pollination exclusion intensity. We found a synergetic effect between pollination and soil fertilization whereby high pollination intensity produced a far higher impact on sunflower yield when the soil had been fertilized.

scholarly journals Synergy Of Soil Fertilization And Pollination For Sunflowers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Van Der Merwe ◽  
Dolapo Akinnuoye-Adelabu ◽  
Angelinus Franke
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Free State ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Ecological Intensification ◽  
Eastern Free State

In order to harness the potential of ecological intensification during sunflower cropping, it is crucial to understand the potential synergies between crop management and ecosystem services. We therefore examined the effect of differing pollination intensification on sunflower yield and productivity under various levels of soil fertilization during 2017/18 and 2018/19 seasons in the eastern Free State, South Africa. We manipulated soil fertility with fertilizer treatments and used exclusion bags to manipulate pollination exclusion intensity. We found a synergetic effect between pollination and soil fertilization whereby high pollination intensity produced a far higher impact on sunflower yield when the soil had been fertilized.

scholarly journals Soil fertilization synergistically enhances the impact of pollination services in increasing seed yield of sunflower under dryland conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Dolapo Bola Adelabu ◽  
Emile Bredenhand ◽  
Sean van der Merwe ◽  
Angelinus Cornelius Franke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Degraded Soil ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Soil

Abstract To exploit the potential of ecological intensification during sunflower cropping, it is crucial to understand the potential synergies between crop management and ecosystem services. We therefore examined the effect of pollination intensification on sunflower yield and productivity under various levels of soil fertilization over two seasons in the eastern Free State, South Africa. We manipulated soil fertility with fertilizer applications and pollination with exclusion bags. We found a synergetic effect between pollination and soil fertilization whereby increasing pollination intensity led to a far higher impact on sunflower yield when the soil had been fertilized. Specifically, the intensification of insect pollination increased seed yield by approximately 0.4 ton/ha on nutrient poor soil and by approximately 1.7 ton/ha on moderately fertilized soil. Our findings suggest that sunflower crops on adequate balanced soil fertility will receive abundant insect pollination and may gain more from both synergies than crops grown in areas with degraded soil fertility.

A comparison of mud- and sand-dominated meanders in a downstream coarsening reach of the mixed bedrock-alluvial Klip River, eastern Free State, South Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 190 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. Marren ◽  
Terence S. McCarthy ◽  
Stephen Tooth ◽  
Dion Brandt ◽  
Glenn G. Stacey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Free State ◽  
Eastern Free State

scholarly journals Sedimentology and ichnology of the Mafube dinosaur track site (Lower Jurassic, eastern Free State, South Africa): a report on footprint preservation and palaeoenvironment

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Sciscio ◽  
Emese M. Bordy ◽  
Mhairi Reid ◽  
Miengah Abrahams
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Free State ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Vertebrate Tracks ◽  
Bedding Surface ◽  
Eastern Free State

Footprint morphology (e.g., outline shape, depth of impression) is one of the key diagnostic features used in the interpretation of ancient vertebrate tracks. Over 80 tridactyl tracks, confined to the same bedding surface in the Lower Jurassic Elliot Formation at Mafube (eastern Free State, South Africa), show large shape variability over the length of the study site. These morphological differences are considered here to be mainly due to variations in the substrate rheology as opposed to differences in the trackmaker’s foot anatomy, foot kinematics or recent weathering of the bedding surface. The sedimentary structures (e.g., desiccation cracks, ripple marks) preserved in association with and within some of the Mafube tracks suggest that the imprints were produced essentially contemporaneous and are true dinosaur tracks rather than undertracks or erosional remnants. They are therefore valuable not only for the interpretation of the ancient environment (i.e., seasonally dry river channels) but also for taxonomic assessments as some of them closely resemble the original anatomy of the trackmaker’s foot. The tracks are grouped, based on size, into two morphotypes that can be identified asEubrontes-like andGrallator-like ichnogenera. The Mafube morphotypes are tentatively attributable to large and small tridactyl theropod trackmakers, possibly toDracovenatorandCoelophysisbased on the following criteria: (a) lack of manus impressions indicative of obligate bipeds; (b) long, slender-digits that are asymmetrical and taper; (c) often end in a claw impression or point; and (d) the tracks that are longer than broad. To enable high-resolution preservation, curation and subsequent remote studying of the morphological variations of and the secondary features in the tracks, low viscosity silicone rubber was used to generate casts of the Mafube tracks.

Hepatozoon langii n. sp. and Hepatozoon vacuolatus n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Adele­orina: Hepatozoidae) from the crag lizard (Sauria: Cordylidae) Pseudocordylus langi from the North Eastern Drakensberg escarpment, Eastern Free State, South Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3608 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHANN VAN AS ◽  
ANGELA J. DAVIES ◽  
NICO J. SMIT
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Free State ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Free State

Two new haemogregarine species, Hepatozoon langii n. sp. and Hepatozoon vacuolatus n. sp., are described from the pe-ripheral blood of the high altitude crag lizard, Pseudocordylus langi, collected between October 2006 and April 2009 from the North Eastern Drakensberg, Eastern Free State. Hepatozoon langii n. sp. has maturing and mature gamonts that appear encapsulated and have narrow, curved tails. Their cytoplasm stains pinkish-purple with Giemsa, while their nuclei are pur-ple stained with stranded chromatin. Mature gamonts measure 19.1 ± 1.0 (15.4–28.1) μm long by 6.2 ± 1.1 (3.5–7.9) μm wide. Hepatozoon vacuolatus n. sp. gamonts are mostly broader at one pole than the other, have bluish-pink cytoplasm characterised by distinctive rounded and oval vacuoles, and demonstrate pink granules with Giemsa staining. Nuclei stain purple and are mainly coarsely granular. Mature gamonts measure 16.5 ± 1.0 (14.7 - 17.6) μm long by 5.9 ± 1.2 (4.0 - 7.7) μm wide. Both species parasitize erythroblasts, as well as erythrocytes and can dehaemoglobinize the cytoplasm of their host cells. Hepatozoon langii n. sp occurred in the absence of H. vacuolatus n. sp., but the latter haemogregarine always formed mixed infections with the former; no stages intermediate between the two haemogregarine types were observed.

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