scholarly journals American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Pleomorphic Disease with Unusual Clinical Presentations - Report of Three Cases

10.3823/2617 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alianne Violet Alves Chichester ◽  
Ana Luísa Mendes Dos Reis ◽  
Amanda Teixeira Labelle Castanheira ◽  
Carlos Victor Da Silva Nascimento ◽  
Beatriz Hosana Biasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
The State ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the anopheline mosquito. This study focused on describe three cases of atypical clinical presentations on patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis from Dermatology Department of the State University of the State of Pará.  Methods and Findings: Three patients assisted at a referral service between 2017 and 2019 are reported, based on clinical interview, histopathological analysis and polymerase chain reaction. On the first patient, it was observed keratotic erythematous vegetative plaque measuring 10x8 cm, with satellite lesions, in the left lower limb; the second patient presented an erythematous infiltrated plaque with crusts, on left ear for 6 months, with progressive growth; the third patient showed erythematous infiltrated plaques, sometimes ulcerated, in the trunk and face, with a zosteriform aspect. All three patients had the diagnosis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and histopathological analysis. Conclusions: The wide range of clinical manifestations may be related to factors such as: use of immunosuppressive drugs, concomitant infections with more than one variety of Leishmania spp. and association with other systemic diseases, with HIV co-infection and diabetes being the main associated diseases. Thus, it is always necessary to evaluate such comorbidities on patients with leishmaniasis suspection, in order to avoid misdiagnosis.  

scholarly journals Clinical, epidemiological and laboratory aspects of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Pernambuco

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza de Campos Reis ◽  
Maria Edileuza Felinto de Brito ◽  
Éricka Lima de Almeida ◽  
Simone Marta Félix ◽  
Ângela Cristina Rapela Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
The State ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Direct Investigation

The diagnosis for American cutaneous leishmaniasis is based on an association of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics. The present study identified the circulating species of Leishmania in the State of Pernambuco, described its clinical-epidemiological characteristics and diagnosed the disease. Nineteen patients presenting active lesions who had been diagnosed through clinical evaluation and laboratory tests were selected. The tests included direct investigation, in vitro culturing, Montenegro skin test, indirect immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction. The Montenegro Skin Test showed positive results in 89% of the patients; indirect immunofluorescence, in 79%; direct investigation, in 58%; and polymerase chain reaction in 75%. Seven Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis samples were isolated from these patients and were characterized by means of specific monoclonal antibodies. These data confirm that a combination of different diagnosis techniques is needed in order to obtain efficient results and that, so far, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the only species responsible for American cutaneous leishmaniasis infection in Pernambuco. Thus, it is essential to identify the parasite species involved in cases of human disease in an endemic area in order to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics, especially with regard to diagnosis, therapy development and disease prognosis.

scholarly journals Comparison of polymerase chain reaction with other laboratory methods for the diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos J. Marques ◽  
Ângela C. Volpini ◽  
George L.L. Machado-Coelho ◽  
Jackson Machado-Pinto ◽  
Carlos A. da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Clinical Utility of Polymerase Chain Reaction--Based Detection of Leishmania in the Diagnosis of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. e149-e153 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. de Oliveira ◽  
A. Bafica ◽  
F. Oliveira ◽  
C. B. F. Favali ◽  
T. Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Comparison among three polymerase chain reaction assays on detection of DNA from Leishmania in biological samples from patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Guilherme Lino da Silva ◽  
Thiago Miranda da Silva ◽  
Eduardo de Figueiredo Peloso ◽  
George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho ◽  
Wilson Mayrink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Seminested Pcr

INTRODUCTION: The study analyzed positivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on detection of DNA from Leishmania in patients' samples. METHODS: Extracted DNA was submitted to L150/L152, 13Y/13Z, and seminested PCR (snPCR). RESULTS: Results were evidenced by bands of approximately 120, 720, and 670 bp for L150/L152, 13Y/13Z, and snPCR, respectively. L150/L152, 13Y/13Z, and snPCR positivity indexes were 76.9, 56.4, and 9.2 (p>0.05), respectively, for suspected and 93.7, 68.7, and 84.4 (p<0.05), respectively, for confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results showed that these assays, mainly L150/L152 and snPCR, can detect Leishmania DNA and carry potential on laboratory diagnosis of leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Immune-Diagnostic Tools with Polymerase Chain Reaction in Sub-Clinical Leishmaniasis Isolates

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar M Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Leishmanin Skin Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective: This study aimed to identify cases of leishmaniasis in the Nuba Mountain area, which is situated in a unique geographical site located in the centre of Sudanese leishmania belt. Wide range of investigations are available for detection of leishmania cases, but still the most reliable and easy test used as screening and epidemiological tool in field studies needs to be evaluated. The most commonly used conventional diagnostic methods direct microscopy and culture have some drawbacks in diagnosing subclinical cases of leishmaniasis. Materials and methods: In this study, comparative properties of various immune-diagnostic tools with Polymerase Chain Reaction used in sub-clinical leishmaniasis isolates were explored. The immune-diagnostic tools involved in this study include- Leishmanin Skin Test (LST), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT). The study was conducted in the Green Valley village (Rashad Province, South Kordofan State) with a population of 332. Most of the villagers presented with sub-clinical form of leishmaniasis with minor symptoms and signs without the features found in clinical form of visceral leishmaniasis such as fever, diarrhoea, epistaxis, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen and liver. In this study we collected demographic, clinical and epidemiological data using special questionnaire. Leishmanin skin test (LST), ELISA, DAT and PCR for parasite DNA detection were used. Result: The final positive cases detected by PCR were 32 out of 332 belong to L. donovani species. The final positive cases detected by LST were 51.2% of the total population under study, while 11 out of the 37 tested samples were positive by ELISA. All of the 332 villagers showed negative readings by DAT with exception of three individuals who were positive with very high titers. Conclusion: DNA etxtraction and amplification with primers can be a good screening tool in subclinical leishmaniasis isolates. Keyword: Sub-clinical; Leishmaniasis; Leishmanin Skin Test; ELISA; DAT; PCR. DOI: 10.3329/jom.v12i1.5422J Medicine 2011; 12 : 34-39

scholarly journals A serological and molecular investigation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in dogs, three years after an outbreak in the Northwest of Paraná State, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Kiyoshi Massunari ◽  
Evandra Maria Voltarelli ◽  
Demilson Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Ademar Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Paschoal Poiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Control ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Techniques

Classic and molecular (polymerase chain reaction - PCR) techniques were used to diagnose American cutaneous leishmaniasis in 149 dogs from an area in the northwest of Paraná State, Brazil, where an American cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak occurred in 2002. The results were compared to a set of previously obtained results. Twenty-five dogs had positive indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) (titers > 40), including two animals with suggestive lesions. The percentage of dogs with positive IIF was similar to that found in a previous study. The cultures of the lesion, blood and bone marrow were negative for Leishmania. A direct search for the parasite in the lesions proved negative, although PCR tests were positive. The PCR did not detect the DNA of Leishmania (Viannia) in the blood, even for those that had positive PCR in a previous study. The follow up of the 27 dogs showed that the majority of them had maintained the same levels of antibodies that had been detected previously. There was a reduction in the number of dogs with lesions, probably due to the transmission control measures that were adopted after the outbreak.

Leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1467-1475
Author(s):  
Antony D.M. Bryceson ◽  
Diana N.J. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted to humans from human or animal reservoirs by the bites of phlebotomine sandflies. In places the disease is common and important, with perhaps 500,000 cases of visceral leishmaniasis and 1.5–2 million cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis worldwide each year. Diagnosis is by demonstration of leishmania organisms in tissue smears or biopsy material by microscopy, culture, or detecting leishmaniai DNA by polymerase chain reaction. As an imported disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis is common in travellers, military personnel, and immigrants coming from endemic areas, while the diagnosis of the less common visceral leishmaniasis is frequently overlooked. Prevention is by controlling reservoir hosts and sandfly vectors, or by avoiding bites by vectors. There is no vaccine.

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