The Return of the Troublesome Bird: Jerzy Kosiński and Polish–Jewish Relations

Author(s):  
Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska

This chapter focuses on Jerzy Kosiński, author of The Painted Bird (Malowany ptak). Many critics, both Polish and otherwise, have stressed the influence on Kosiński's fiction of his background as a sociologist. Those who like his work have said that being a sociologist gave him some insights; his detractors have claimed either that his books read more like academic studies than fiction, or else that he used his sociological expertise to determine what would interest readers and critics at that particular time. Paradoxically, Kosiński himself became something of a sociological phenomenon, primarily but not exclusively because of The Painted Bird, and he occasioned debate that offered excellent material for sociological study of particular strains in Polish thought, Polish–Jewish relations, anti- and philosemitism, political divisions in Polish society, and the complex and ambivalent Polish use of the terms ‘left’ and ‘right’. The chapter goes on to show that reading about the various approaches to Kosiński may prove more interesting than reading Kosiński himself.

Author(s):  
Anatolij Lysiuk ◽  
Maryia Sakalouskaya

The article studies set of views of the inhabitants of the bordering with Poland Brest and Grodno regions on the Polish experience of social modernisation in the post-communist period. It is pointed out a positive perception of the image of Poland, based on the recognition of the obvious successes achieved by Polish society. A significant part of the respondents believe that the greatest successes have been achieved by this country in the socio-economic area, and the main reasons of this are accession to the European Union, development of market economy institutions and creation of a democratic political system. The respondents believe that Polish experience can be used for their country development, including also moving beyond the Russia’s sphere of influence and joining the European Union. Comparing Polish and Belarusian paths of development, majority of Belarusians prefer Polish way of doing reforms. The number of Belarusians who feel anxiety about Poland’s accession to the Euro-Atlantic institutions has decreased over the past 20 years. The general growth of a positive attitude towards Poland and Poles in all appearances was noted, despite the intensive anti-Polish propaganda carried out in Belarus by state media. Sociological study shows that, according to the Belarusians, they have nothing to offer Poles regarding the organisation of economic and socio-political life, but they might be interested at the Belarusian experience in cleanup on the streets, as well as strengthening of tolerance in the society.


Author(s):  
S. Trachtenberg ◽  
D. J. DeRosier

The bacterial cell is propelled through the liquid environment by means of one or more rotating flagella. The bacterial flagellum is composed of a basal body (rotary motor), hook (universal coupler), and filament (propellor). The filament is a rigid helical assembly of only one protein species — flagellin. The filament can adopt different morphologies and change, reversibly, its helical parameters (pitch and hand) as a function of mechanical stress and chemical changes (pH, ionic strength) in the environment.


Author(s):  
William P. Wergin ◽  
Eric F. Erbe

The eye-brain complex allows those of us with normal vision to perceive and evaluate our surroundings in three-dimensions (3-D). The principle factor that makes this possible is parallax - the horizontal displacement of objects that results from the independent views that the left and right eyes detect and simultaneously transmit to the brain for superimposition. The common SEM micrograph is a 2-D representation of a 3-D specimen. Depriving the brain of the 3-D view can lead to erroneous conclusions about the relative sizes, positions and convergence of structures within a specimen. In addition, Walter has suggested that the stereo image contains information equivalent to a two-fold increase in magnification over that found in a 2-D image. Because of these factors, stereo pair analysis should be routinely employed when studying specimens.Imaging complementary faces of a fractured specimen is a second method by which the topography of a specimen can be more accurately evaluated.


Author(s):  
R.V. Harrison ◽  
R.J. Mount ◽  
P. White ◽  
N. Fukushima

In studies which attempt to define the influence of various factors on recovery of hair cell integrity after acoustic trauma, an experimental and a control ear which initially have equal degrees of damage are required. With in a group of animals receiving an identical level of acoustic trauma there is more symmetry between the ears of each individual, in respect to function, than between animals. Figure 1 illustrates this, left and right cochlear evoked potential (CAP) audiograms are shown for two chinchillas receiving identical trauma. For this reason the contralateral ear is used as control.To compliment such functional evaluations we have devised a scoring system, based on the condition of hair cell stereocilia as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, which permits total stereociliar damage to be expressed numerically. This quantification permits correlation of the degree of structural pathology with functional changes. In this paper wereport experiments to verify the symmetry of stereociliar integrity between two ears, both for normal (non-exposed) animals and chinchillas in which each ear has received identical noise trauma.


Author(s):  
Jiang Xishan

This paper reports the growth step pattern and morphology at equilibrium and growth states of (Mn,Fe)S single crystal on the wall of micro-voids in ZG25 cast steel by using scanning electron microscope. Seldom report was presented on the growth morphology and steppattern of (Mn,Fe)S single crystal.Fig.1 shows the front half of the polyhedron of(Mn,Fe)S single crystal,its central area being the square crystal plane,the two pairs of hexagons symmetrically located in the high and low, the left and right with a certain, angle to the square crystal plane.According to the symmetrical relationship of crystal, it was defined that the (Mn,Fe)S single crystal at equilibrium state is tetrakaidecahedron consisted of eight hexagonal crystal planes and six square crystal planes. The macroscopic symmetry elements of the tetrakaidecahedron correpond to Oh—n3m symmetry class of fcc structure,in which the hexagonal crystal planes are the { 111 } crystal planes group,square crystal plaits are the { 100 } crystal planes group. This new discovery of the (Mn,Fe)S single crystal provides a typical example of the point group of Oh—n3m.


Author(s):  
Alain Noel ◽  
Jean-Philippe Therien

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