Love and Family

2010 ◽  
pp. 26-55
Author(s):  
Shaul Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Jewish Family ◽  
East European ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Marriage Formation ◽  
Broad Subject ◽  
European Jewish

This chapter examines the subject of love and the family within east European Jewish life. In the nineteenth century, almost every aspect of Jewish life was transformed in one way or another. The structures of Jewish family life in eastern Europe and the place of love and affection in these frameworks were no exceptions. However, to a greater degree than many today realize, there was also a great deal of continuity between what was accepted in traditional Ashkenazi Jewish family life and in the lives of their descendants. In some cases, the attention given to atypical lives of famous and exceptional individuals has led to a skewed picture of the past. Similarly, superficial views of traditional family dynamics have created a distorted picture of what life was like in traditional east European Jewish society. Looking at love and family life in their fullness and as part of the general social environment is one of the best ways to correct these errors and to arrive at a balanced view of realities and developments. Because marriage and love within the context of family life is a very broad subject, the chapter focuses on four major topics: courtship and marriage formation; marital roles and expectations; parenthood; and remarriage.

Was the Traditional East European Jewish Family in the Recent Past Patriarchal?

2010 ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
Shaul Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Jewish Family ◽  
East European ◽  
The Family ◽  
Male Head ◽  
Minor Children ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Male Authority ◽  
Jewish Families

This chapter assesses whether the traditional Jewish family in eastern Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was patriarchal. In traditional east European Jewish families, authority over children was not monopolized by fathers; mothers also had a great deal of authority over minor children. Fathers often spent more hours a day out of the house than did mothers, and often they had to work far from their homes. As such, mothers usually determined what went on at home, and even when this was in accordance with their husbands' wishes, it does not imply that it was under their husbands' authority. Perhaps the greatest potential for paternal authority can be found in the marital patterns of their children. Meanwhile, in the area of relations between the male head of the family and his wife in traditional east European Jewish families, male authority could not be taken for granted and male heads of families could not simply force wives to do their bidding. The chapter then defines patriarchy, arguing that the dynamics of the traditional Jewish families in eastern Europe complicate the utility of the term.

Families, Rabbis and Education

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaul Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Life ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
East European ◽  
The Past ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
The Family ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
The Way

The realities of Jewish life in eastern Europe that concerned the average Jew meant the way their children grew up, the way they studied, how they married, and all the subsequent stages of the life cycle. The family and the community were the core institutions of east European Jewish society. These realities were always dynamic and evolving but in the nineteenth century, the pace of change in almost every area of life was exceptionally rapid. This book deals with these social realities. The result is a picture that is far from the stereotyped view of the past that is common today, but a more honest and more comprehensive one. Topics covered consider the learning experiences of both males and females of different ages. They also deal with and distinguish between study among the well off and learned and study among the poorer masses. A number of chapters are devoted to aspects of educating the elite. Several chapters deal with aspects of marriage, a key element in the life of most Jews. The attempt to understand the rabbinate in its social and historical context is no less revealing than the studies in other areas. The realities of rabbinical life are presented in a way that explains rabbinic behaviour and the complex relations between communities, ideologies, and modernization. The chapters look at the past through the prism of the lives of ordinary people, with some surprising.

‘The Time of Vishniac’: Photographs of Pre-War East European Jewry in Post-War Contexts

2003 ◽  
pp. 313-334
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shandler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
East European ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

This chapter investigates how pictures taken by photographers from outside the east European Jewish community became widely familiar throughout the post-war period, none more so than the work of one photographer, Roman Vishniac. Taken during a series of trips he made to Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Romania from the mid-1930s until the start of the Second World War, some of these photographs have been republished frequently, including in five books devoted solely to the photographer's work. Vishniac's images figured prominently in the first exhibitions and books of photographs of pre-war east European Jewish life to appear in the United States after the Second World War, and not a decade has passed since without some of these photographs being published or exhibited there, as well as abroad. Although these pictures are the product of a limited phase in Vishniac's career, they are his best-known accomplishment. For many post-war Americans, in particular, some of his images have served as key visual points of entry into the culture of pre-war east European Jewry.

Strategy and Ruse in the Haskalah of Mendel Lefin of Satanow

2001 ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Nancy Sinkoff
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Social Criticism ◽  
East European ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
European Jewish

This chapter focuses on Menahem Mendel Lefin of Satanow, a fascinating maskil, who was a link between the German and the east European Haskalah. Because he often wrote in Yiddish, he has usually been seen as a populist who advanced the maskilim's criticism of east European Jewish life and culture. He attacked the intoxication with mysticism, became involved in the literary battle against hasidism, and proposed the maskilim as leaders who could heal the ills of Jewish society. In contrast to the view of Lefin as a populist, which was rooted in earlier scholarship's nationalist bias, the chapter notes his sophisticated use of literary strategies aimed at different audiences according to the language of the text. It illustrates these strategies in an analysis of a text written for his fellow Jews; an adaptation and translation of a travel story in the New World meant as a tool of social criticism and anti-hasidic polemics; and also in a text written for a wider audience, an anonymous French memorandum that Lefin submitted to the Polish Sejm in 1791.

Freud and Archeology: the Freudian Metaphor

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-169
Author(s):  
Eszter Kárpáti
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Family ◽  
East European ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
First Time

AbstractI was brought up in an East European Jewish family where jokes and anecdotes are necessary elements of every conversation. I must have been around seven years old when I heard my aunt telling a joke to my mother about two funny-named men, Sisyphus and Oedipus. I was a "perceptive kid" - as my grandmother used to call me - who normally understood jokes, even those which I was not supposed to. This one, however, made no sense to me. I could have just given up upon it, but those names fascinated me: Sisyphus and Oedipushad never heard of them before. So I asked my mother who these two people were and if she would explain the joke to me. As it soon turned out, it was one of those "nicht vor dem Kind"1 jokes, playing on Freudian connotations. However, I was used to the openness-policy of my father, so I expected an honest explanation. My mother had no difficulties in explaining the story of Sisyphus: a child of that age can easily relate to someone who tries to achieve something that is seemingly impossible to do. But how can anyone explain the story of Oedipus to a seven-year-old? That was the first time I heard the name Oedipus. It is only now, many years later, that I finally understand Oedipus' story, too.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN FUNGSI PRAGMATIK PADA ANAK USIA 2,5 TAHUN (STUDI KASUS PADA AZZA AQILA JIHAN SYUASABITHA)

Kadera Bahasa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Ali Kusno
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Sensitive Periods ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject

The golden age of kid was a sensitive period. During this period, the kid was specially receiving the stimulant from theenvironment. The period of kid’s language development was various, dependent on the characteristics. This study relatedto the function development of kid’s language. The example case to the girl 2,5 years old, Azza Aqila Jihan Syuasabitha(Jihan). Jihan was growing in the family environment and child caring. The kid’s language was developing quickly. Theusage of language was devoted to Jihan’s interaction with family members. Collecting data method in this study was theobservation. The subject in this study was the child’s author. This study aimed to describe the development of Jihan’sspeech as child 2,5 years old based on the language function grouping according to M.A.K Halliday. The result of thestudy showed the kid can apply all of language function usage. Those are the instrumental, the regulatory, the interactional,the personal, the heuristic, the imaginative, and the representational. Therefore, she was interpreted has the ability aboveaverage the children the same age. The achievement was influenced by biological factors (parents who have good languageskills) and social environment (in the house, in the school, and so on) which can stimulate Jihan’s language development AbstrakMasa keemasan anak merupakan periode sensitif (sensitive periods). Selama masa tersebut anak secarakhusus mudah menerima stimulus-stimulus dari lingkungan. Tempo perkembangan bahasa anakcenderung variatif tergantung karakteristik anak. Penelitian ini berhubungan dengan perkembanganfungsi bahasa anak. Contoh kasus, Azza Aqila Jihan Syuasabitha (Jihan) anak perempuan yang berusia2,5 tahun. Jihan besar dalam lingkungan keluarga dan taman penitipan anak. Perkembangan fungsibahasanya pesat. Pemakaian bahasa dikhususkan pada interaksi Jihan dengan anggota keluarga.Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian dengan teknik pengamatan berperan serta. Subjek penelitian iniadalah anak penulis sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perkembangan tuturanJihan sebagai anak yang berusia 2,5 tahun berdasarkan pengelompokan fungsi bahasa menurut M.A.KHalliday. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan anak itu mampu menerapkan keseluruhan fungsi penggunaanbahasa, yakni instrumental, regulatoris/dogmatis, interaksional, personal, heuristik, imajinatif, danrepresentasional. Dengan demikian, dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa anak itu memiliki kemampuan diatas rata-rata anak seumur dia. Pencapaian tersebut dipengaruhi oleh faktor biologis (orang tua yangmemang memiliki kemampuan berbahasa yang baik) dan lingkungan sosial (di rumah, sekolah, dantempat lain).

scholarly journals Ewolucja czy rewolucja? Przemiany rodziny na ziemiach polskich w pierwszej połowie XX wieku. Wybrane aspekty

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-837
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sierakowska
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual

Evolution or revolution? Transformations of family in the Polish lands in the first half of the twentieth century: Selected aspects The text focuses on select issues related to the transformation of the family in the first half of the twentieth century, such as: changes regarding marital choices and relationships between spouses, changes in the scope of parental roles and the processes of individualization and individual autonomy in the family. It tries to answer the questions about the dynamics of these processes in different social milieus and to indicate factors that accelerated and delayed them. The analysis of the sources and literature concerning family lives does not allow for an unambiguous assessment of the rapidity and range of changes taking place in families. Nevertheless, it exposes the diversity of models existing in family life and shows that it depends on such elements as social environment, gender, idiosyncratic features of the individual, to the same extent as it does on the rate of change.

Eros and Enlightenment: Love Against Marriage in the East European Jewish Enlightenment

2004 ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
David Biale
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Jewish Family ◽  
East European ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
The 19Th Century

This chapter details how the nascent Eastern European Jewish Enlightenment or Haskalah turned its sights on the Jewish family as part and parcel of its attack on the medieval practices of the Jews. In the period from the early part of the 19th century to about 1870, the Haskalah was a tiny movement, persecuted by the Jewish communal authorities. Yet it was during these years, perhaps even as a result of persecution, that the maskilim or disciples of the Haskalah evolved the fundamental arguments of their movement. While the maskilim shamelessly borrowed their ideas often word for word from the European Enlightenment, they integrated them into a peculiarly Jewish framework, that is, into their own reality. The chapter focuses on the conjunction between ideology and identity in the early Haskalah, for what is most interesting in the thought of this movement is not so much the ideas themselves but how they resonated against the problems of Jewish adolescence: early marriage and the teen years spent in the house of one's in-laws.

The Lone Father and his Children: An aspect of Family policy

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold J. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Marriage Rate ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Single Parent Families ◽  
Australian Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government

Over the last few years the Australian family has again become a focal point for inquiry and intervention. Scholars and researchers, as well as the government, have suggested there has been a breakdown in Australian family life. This has brought in its wake a concomitant increase in divorce and separation, a surge of single parent families, and a decrease in the marriage rate. A broad range of activities has been initiated to both understand the parameters and substance of the subject, as well as to develop means of supporting and strengthening the family.

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