Introduction

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sharon Flatto
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
World View ◽  
Ashkenazi Jews ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Central Aspect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
East And West

This chapter describes the multi-layered mystical rabbinic culture of eighteenth-century Prague. It reveals the prominence of Kabbalah in traditional life, particularly in the biography and writings of one of the towering figures of Ashkenazi Jewry named Ezekiel Landau, Prague's chief rabbi from 1754 to 1793. It also explores the deep roots of mysticism of the rabbinic culture of eighteenth-century Prague and sheds light on a central aspect of the life and world-view of a large number of early modern Ashkenazi Jews. The chapter covers the neglect of Prague's rabbinic culture, the importance of Prague as a meeting ground between East and West, and the centrality of Kabbalah for Prague Jews and its persistence over the longue durée. It reviews a wide range of kabbalistic materials and sources that influenced seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Ashkenazi Jews.

Henry Heller and the ‘Longue Durée of the French Bourgeoisie’

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Parker
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Marxist Analysis ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée

This short article shows that Heller’s assertion that I have announced the death of the early modern French bourgeoisie is misplaced. At the same time, it defends the view that a prolonged period of economic stasis together with the low level of bourgeois classness make it impossible to sustain Engel’s view that absolute monarchy rested on a supposed balance between it and the nobility. In conclusion, it is suggested that Marxist analysis cannot be reduced to a treatment of class-anatogonisms.

Heroic Aesthetics and Modernist Critique: Extrapolations from Bakhtin's Author and Hero in Aesthetic Activity

Slavic Review ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Kliger
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
The Status ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
Modernist Discourse

Ilya Kliger addresses the question of Mikhail Bakhtin's intervention in modernist discourse by taking a step back from Bakhtin's views on modernist literature and outlining instead a more general Bakhtinian conception of the modernist condition as characterized by what Kliger calls “a crisis of authorship.” The article focuses on Bakhtin's early work in narratological aesthetics and situates it within the longue durée context of debates about the status of the subject of aesthetic experience and, more generally, of knowledge, debates that can provisionally be seen as originating at the end of the eighteenth century and coming to a head within the intellectual and creative milieu of twentieth-century modernism. Early Bakhtin helps us formulate a specifically modernist—by contrast with what will be called “transcendental” and “realist“—critique, a critique not limited to the field of literary analysis alone but applying to all forms of thinking that either presuppose abstract subject-object division or rely on modes of synthetic reconciliation.

scholarly journals Scribal and Commentary Traditions at the Dawn of Print: The Manuscripts of the Near Eastern School of Theology as an Archive of the Early Nahḍa

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 402-437
Author(s):  
Salam Rassi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Longue Durée

Abstract This article focuses on the Arabic manuscript collection of the Near Eastern School of Theology (NEST). The NEST library contains several manuscripts that were donated, copied, or read by important Christian-born intellectuals of the nahḍa. Given these men’s role in the emergence of modern publishing in the Middle East, I examine the intersections between their scribal and printing activities. I also discuss works of grammar, logic, and rhetoric in the NEST’s collection. Most of these are by late medieval and early modern authors and contain extensive commentaries and glosses. This commentary culture was a key site of learning throughout the early modern Ottoman Empire and endured among Christian as well as Muslim intellectuals of the nahḍa movement. The persistence of these scribal and intellectual traditions reveals a longue durée of Islamicate scholarly traditions that is only beginning to be understood by historians of Arab modernity.

Between Medicine and Rhetoric

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Pender
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
History Of Rhetoric ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
Rhetorical Inquiry ◽  
Medical Reasoning

AbstractInspired by Pierre-Jean-Georges Cabanis' claim in 1798 that physicians might learn forms of medical reasoning from les anciens rhéteurs, in this paper I explore intimate associations between medicine and rhetoric over the longue durée. Gravely susceptible to error, medical reasoning relies on signs and examples, both gleaned from experience and both the subject of rhetorical inquiry; like rhetoric, medicine reaches plausible conclusions from probable premises. Here, ranging from Hippocrates and Plato through Aristotle to early modern England, I argue that forms of inference developed and refined in the history of rhetoric offer ancient and early modern philosophers and physicians models and metaphors for their own forays into the probable.

Caught in a Nutshell

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerdien Jonker
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
German History ◽  
Historical Imagination ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
Dominant Narratives

In this article, I explore the dominant narratives about Islam in German history textbooks from the eighteenth century until the present day. I thereby deconstruct a longue durée script with a rather curious pattern. Until the 1980s, textbook narratives about Islam were rooted exclusively in people's historical imagination. Only when the children of Turkish workers entered the classroom did textbook authors try to accommodate knowledge based on real encounters. By addressing the di erent stages of this longue durée script, I enquire into the functions of narratives as they underpinned a German and European "we."

Beyond Guns, Germs, and Steel: European Expansion and Maritime Asia, 1400-1750

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 165-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonio Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
European Technology ◽  
Maritime Empire

AbstractWhy did Europeans rather than other Eurasians build the world’s first global empires, extending a measure of control, however fragile and contingent, over the oceans of the world? This article suggests that the best place to find an answer to the question is not in Europe but in Asia. Europeans were not alone in creating overseas empires in the early modern period, but the Asian counterparts to the Portuguese, Dutch, and English Empires are little known. Focusing on two of those Asian examples—the Ya’rubi Dynasty of Oman and the Zheng maritime empire of China—the author suggests that although European technology did confer an advantage on European mariners, it was not an insuperable advantage. Asian powers could adopt and adapt European cannons, ships, and nautical charts and beat the Europeans at their own game. Indeed, he suggests, this intra-Eurasian borrowing is a key process of history over the longue durée.

Response to Henry Heller’s ‘The Longue Durée of the French Bourgeoisie’

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Beik
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
Early Modern France ◽  
Modern France ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée

Beik criticises Heller’s mechanical view of the dynamic role of the bourgeoisie in the rise of capitalism in early-modern France. While they agree that the primary class-conflict was between the nobility and the peasantry, Beik stresses the slow emergence of genuine capitalist social relations and the cooptation of the bourgeoisie by a monarchical state which was still propping up the feudal regime, whereas Heller views mercantile activity and production increases as evidence of rising capitalism.

The Informational Fabric of Eighteenth-Century India and the Middle East: Couriers, Intermediaries and Postal Communication

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAGAN D. S. SOOD
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Personal Trust ◽  
Cultural Domain

AbstractMundane knowledge of how information flows is essential for a proper understanding of large organisations and complex activities. It gives us valuable insights into the prevailing constraints of the era and the creative responses that enabled the demands of its cosmopolitan residents to be met. Though the sinews of communication have been a major topic of historical inquiry in recent decades, the focus has been decidedly uneven; much of the attention has been directed towards modern times and, for earlier periods, has been confined almost entirely to Europe, the western European empires and those sectors of the world's political economy in which Europeans had a stake. The rest of the world, in comparison, has been neglected, which may be seen clearly in the case of early modern India and the Middle East. This paper seeks to rectify the imbalance by offering a typology for making sense of how packages of low weight and high value were collected, transported and delivered over long distances within the region in the eighteenth century. While drawing on a wide range of sources, at the core of this analysis lies the correspondence of the headmen of a group—the Aiyangar pattamars—who specialised as couriers in pre-colonial southern India. Among the principal claims set forth are that there existed in this period two basic modes of private communication: in one, personal trust was paramount, in the other, the mode was effectively monopolised by recognised communities providing the necessary informational services within their cultural domain. These claims, if sustained, have major implications for current views on early modern India and the Middle East.

Assemblies in the Longue Durée

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Sanmark
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
First Century ◽  
Central Places ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée

In chapter 9, it is again shown that the Norse thing organisation was neither new nor unique, but situated within a Germanic tradition of law and assembly, which can be traced back to the first century AD; thus long predating the earliest Frankish laws. This chapter also demonstrates that outdoor thing sites seem to have been the norm until the late sixteenth or the seventeenth century. Occasional indoor meetings are known in earlier times, but it was not until the early modern period that specific buildings were designated, and at times created specifically, for these gatherings. Finally, the reasons why some assembly sites remained in use for many hundred years, while others were used only for very short periods of time, are examined, as well as the links between assembly sites and central places, and the legacy of the major thing sites on the administrative landscape of today.

Portraits and Poses

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Complex Relation ◽  
Word And Image ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intellectual Networks ◽  
Early Modern Era

The complex relation between gender and the representation of intellectual authority has deep roots in European history. Portraits and Poses adopts a historical approach to shed new light on this topical subject. It addresses various modes and strategies by which learned women (authors, scientists, jurists, midwifes, painters, and others) sought to negotiate and legitimise their authority at the dawn of modern science in Early Modern and Enlightenment Europe (1600–1800). This volume explores the transnational dimensions of intellectual networks in France, Italy, Britain, the German states and the Low Countries. Drawing on a wide range of case studies from different spheres of professionalisation, it examines both individual and collective constructions of female intellectual authority through word and image. In its innovative combination of an interdisciplinary and transnational approach, this volume contributes to the growing literature on women and intellectual authority in the Early Modern Era and outlines contours for future research.

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