scholarly journals Oak sprouts grow better than seedlings under drought stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Pietras ◽  
M Stojanović ◽  
R Knott ◽  
R Pokorný
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Better Than

scholarly journals Use of Antitranspirants to Reduce Water Stress on Herbaceous and Woody Ornamentals

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Dunn ◽  
Janet C. Cole ◽  
Mark E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Ornamental Species ◽  
Better Than

Experiments were conducted to evaluate potential means for reducing moisture stress in nine herbaceous and woody ornamental species. In Expt. 1 (2009), a water only control treatment and the antitranspirant Stasis™ at two different rates were applied as a drench application before inducing drought stress in the greenhouse by withholding water for two weeks. No significant differences in visual ratings in relation to plant quality were detected among treatments 5 days after application for any species. At 10 days after treatment, visual ratings were better for Veronica at the lower Stasis™ rate, Hibiscus at the low and higher Stasis™ rate, and Weigela at lower and higher Stasis™ rate compared to no Stasis™. At 15 days after treatment, visual ratings were worse for Coreopsis, Rudbeckia, and Salvia at both low and high Stasis™ rates; but, were better for Hibiscus and Weigela at the lower and higher Stasis™ rates compared to the no Stasis™ treatment. In Expt. 2 (2010), the antitranspirants Stasis™ and Root-Zone were evaluated along with a no antitranspirant and well-watered control treatments at single rates. No significant differences in visual ratings existed among treatments five days after application for any species. At 10 days after treatment, visual ratings were higher for Coreopsis, Forsythia, Nandina, and Weigela with Stasis™ or Root-Zone compared to no antitranspirant application. Visual ratings for Rudbeckia and Salvia with Stasis™, and Euonymus with Root-Zone were also better than the stress treatment at 10 days after treatment. At 15 days after treatment, visual ratings were higher for Coreopsis and Salvia with Stasis™ compared to the stress treatment. Rudbeckia, Euonymus, and Weigela with Stasis™ or Root-Zone and Nandina with Root-Zone all had better visual ratings than the stress treatment. Evapotranspiration was not reduced for any Stasis™ or Root-Zone treatment for any species in either experiment compared to control stress treatments.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF WATER CONSERVATION POTENTIAL OF NON-TURF GROUNDCOVERS VS. KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS UNDER INCREASING LEVELS OF DROUGHT STRESS.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 676c-676
Author(s):  
David Staats ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
The Other ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Better Than

In June 1991, a two year field study was initiated to examine if three non-turf groundcovers with reputations for using low amounts of water actually use less water than Kentucky bluegrass (KBG). Irrigation treatments were based on percentages of ET (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 0%) and calculated by the modified Penman equation. Results from the 1991 season indicate that at the 100% and 75% treatments Potentilla tabernaemontani and Cerastium tomentosum were significantly better than the other species in terms of establishment and vigor but quality declined significantly at rates below 75%. At the 50% rate both KBG and Sedum acre maintained good quality although growth was slow. At the 25% rate, quality of KBG significantly declined while Sedum acre maintained good quality. Quality of Sedum acre declined only slightly at the 0% treatment and would be a good alternative to KBG if water conservation was a high priority in the landscape.

Overexpression of the StP5CS gene promotes nodulation and nitrogen fixation in vegetable soybean under drought stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. X. Wang ◽  
F. . Gao ◽  
S. P. Yang ◽  
J. Y. Gai ◽  
Y. L. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Vegetable Soybean ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Total N ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Better Than

The StP5CS (GenBank accession number: JN606861) T6 homozygous transgenic lines (HTLs) of vegetable soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] were grown using vermiculite pot culture to determine whether StP5CS overexpression would enhance nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in two T6 HTLs (17W-1, 17W-2) under drought conditions. The growth performance, nodule development and seed weight of T6 HTLs were significantly better than those of wild type (WT) plants. The proline levels in various tissues of T6 HTLs were higher than WT plants. The concentrations of total ureide, total N, leghemoglobin (Lb) and the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) in the T6 HTLs were significantly increased. Moreover, the relative expression levels of five key nodulation- and SNF-associated genes (i.e., GmENOD40-1, GmENOD40-2, GmLba, GmGS1â1 and GmGS1â2) were significantly higher in T6 HTLs. In conclusion, overexpression of StP5CS enhances nodulation and SNF in transgenic vegetable soybean under drought stress conditions

Effect of Rainfall on Glyphosate Plus 2,4-D Performance onEchinochloa crus-galli

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Gordon E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
West Central ◽  
Better Than

Barnyardgrass is a problem in winter wheat fields in the central Great Plains following harvest. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D efficacy on barnyardgrass with or without atrazine was investigated under various watering events at three sites in west central Nebraska. Two experiments were initiated at each site. One experiment dealt with rainfall and the other rainfall plus irrigation. Main plots in stubble fields infested with barnyardgrass were sprayed with glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.4 plus 0.7, 0.5 plus 0.8, and 0.6 plus 1.0 kg ae ha−1alone and with 2.2 kg ai ha−1atrazine. Barnyardgrass was under drought stress in unwatered areas in 1991 at two sites, but the 1993 site was waterlogged. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.6 plus 1.0 kg ha1controlled 62, 99, and 100% of the barnyardgrass at the three sites 30 DAT. Nevertheless, control was reduced to 48, 88, and 35% when atrazine was combined with glyphosate plus 2,4-D. Poorest control came when plants were under stress from drought or waterlogging and atrazine was included in the spray solution. In subplots barnyardgrass plants in a 0.8 m2area were watered 6, 3, or 1 d before spraying and 1, 4, 7, or 11 d after spraying. By watering drought-stressed barnyardgrass 6 d before spraying, control generally was similar or better than with later watering dates. Watering 6 d before spraying with glyphosate plus 2,4-D plus atrazine at 0.6 plus 1.0 plus 2.2 kg ha−1reduced but did not eliminate antagonism from atrazine.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress during grain filling in near-isogenic tall and dwarf hybrids of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mahalakshmi ◽  
F. R. Bidinger ◽  
D. S. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYThe susceptibility to drought stress during flowering and grain filling of dwarf hybrids of pearl millet carrying the dwarfing gene d2 was investigated in 1987 at Patancheru, India, under field conditions during the dry season and, in the rainy season, under a rain shelter, using four pairs of near-isogenic tall and dwarf hybrids. Drought stress during grain filling reduced the number of grains per unit area and individual grain mass. Grain yields of the dwarf hybrids were lower than those of the corresponding tall hybrids in the unstressed control and under drought stress and were associated with a lower individual grain mass in the dwarf lines. In the dwarf hybrids, harvest index was similar to or better than that of the tall versions but a reduced biomass resulted in lower grain yields. Dwarf hybrids were not more adversely affected by water stress, however, than their tall counterparts, indicating that susceptibility to drought stress would not be likely to limit acceptance of new dwarf varieties.

scholarly journals Is Drought Stress Tolerance Affected by Biotypes and Seed Size in the Emerging Oilseed Crop Camelina?

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Petar Čanak ◽  
Ana Marjanović Jeromela ◽  
Bojana Vujošević ◽  
Biljana Kiprovski ◽  
Bojan Mitrović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Better Than

One of the main advantages of camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) is its wide environmental adaptability and extreme drought tolerance. The availability of both winter and spring camelina biotypes, characterized by different seed sizes, raises the question about possible differences in their response to drought stress at the emergence stage. To address this, a germination test was set up in controlled conditions, comparing six winter and six spring genotypes with differing seed sizes (ranging from 1.83 to 0.88 g/1000-seeds) under increasing levels of osmotic stress (0, −0.4, −0.8, −1.2, −1.4, −1.6 MPa) using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Camelina withstands mild level of osmotic stress (−0.4 MPa) without significant decrease in germination. Even at −1.2 MPa after 10 d, it still had 75% germination. Significant differences in germination were observed between biotypes, where spring biotypes performed better than winter ones. Shoot and radicle lengths were significantly diminished by imposed osmotic stress, but shoot growth seemed more impacted. In general, spring biotypes had longer shoots and radicles than winter ones. Seed size played a role in the response of camelina to drought, but it depended on biotype and stress level imposed. In particular large seeded spring types had the highest germination percentage and resulted less impaired by osmotic stress, otherwise among the tested winter types the small seeded ones were the best performing. The presented data could be useful for breeding purposes for selecting the appropriate camelina type for sowing in drought-prone regions.

scholarly journals Effect of drought on physiology and yield contributing characters of sunflower

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
MI Hossain ◽  
A Khatun ◽  
MSA Talukder ◽  
MMR Dewan ◽  
MS Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Physiological Characters

The present study was conducted during 1995 to April 1996 at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the effect of drought stress at various levels with a view to studying the physiological characters of sunflower associated with yield under drought condition. Two varieties ( Kironi and Hysan-55) and five drought cycles were i) Daily watering, ii) 1 day without water, iii) 2 days without water, iv) 3 days without water, and v) 4 days without water imposed in the study. As a whole, drought treatment reduced the yield and yield contributing characters of sunflower. In most cases, the rate of reduction was higher in plants that received 4 days drought cycle followed by 3 days. The minimum reduction was observed in plants that received 1 and 2 days drought cycle. The growth parameters (CGR, RGR, NAR, and LAI) were reduced under drought treatments. Similar trend was followed in case of CSI values and RWC of the leaves. The rate of reduction for most of characters was higher in Hysan-55 than that of Kironi. Thus, the variety Kironi was found better than Hysan-55 in respect of physiological adaptation associated with yield under drought condition. Keywords: Drought; physiology; sunflower DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5872Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 113-124, March 2010

Traits associated with drought survival in three Australian tropical rainforest seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian M. Deines ◽  
Jessica J. Hellmann ◽  
Timothy J. Curran
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Leaf Shedding ◽  
Saturated Water Content ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
Survival Experiment ◽  
Better Than

Drought affects the distribution of plant species in tropical forests and will likely increase under climate change. Future rainforest composition may be determined by species’ abilities to withstand increased drought incidence, particularly at the vulnerable seedling stage. A greenhouse drought survival experiment was conducted on seedlings of three common evergreen tree species from Australia’s Wet Tropics to assess species’ drought survival. This was then related to five functional traits to evaluate the relative importance of desiccation tolerance (ability to persist through drought) and desiccation delay (ability to postpone drought stress) in drought survival. Among the three species examined, delay traits (leaf shedding, root-to-shoot ratio and stem saturated water content) corresponded with experimental drought survival better than tolerance traits (specific leaf area, stem density). Notably, we found differential leaf shedding among these evergreen species and a positive correlation between percent leaf loss and drought survival among individuals across all species (R2 = 0.42). If this pattern holds with greater species replication, it suggests that desiccation delay, particularly via leaf shedding, is important for drought survival even in nominally evergreen species. We suggest that finer classifications of deciduousness such as percent leaf loss under drought stress may be useful in predicting species’ responses to drought conditions.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

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