Desi chickpea genotypes tolerate drought stress better than kabuli types by modulating germination metabolism, trehalose accumulation, and carbon assimilation

Experiments were conducted to evaluate potential means for reducing moisture stress in nine herbaceous and woody ornamental species. In Expt. 1 (2009), a water only control treatment and the antitranspirant Stasis™ at two different rates were applied as a drench application before inducing drought stress in the greenhouse by withholding water for two weeks. No significant differences in visual ratings in relation to plant quality were detected among treatments 5 days after application for any species. At 10 days after treatment, visual ratings were better for Veronica at the lower Stasis™ rate, Hibiscus at the low and higher Stasis™ rate, and Weigela at lower and higher Stasis™ rate compared to no Stasis™. At 15 days after treatment, visual ratings were worse for Coreopsis, Rudbeckia, and Salvia at both low and high Stasis™ rates; but, were better for Hibiscus and Weigela at the lower and higher Stasis™ rates compared to the no Stasis™ treatment. In Expt. 2 (2010), the antitranspirants Stasis™ and Root-Zone were evaluated along with a no antitranspirant and well-watered control treatments at single rates. No significant differences in visual ratings existed among treatments five days after application for any species. At 10 days after treatment, visual ratings were higher for Coreopsis, Forsythia, Nandina, and Weigela with Stasis™ or Root-Zone compared to no antitranspirant application. Visual ratings for Rudbeckia and Salvia with Stasis™, and Euonymus with Root-Zone were also better than the stress treatment at 10 days after treatment. At 15 days after treatment, visual ratings were higher for Coreopsis and Salvia with Stasis™ compared to the stress treatment. Rudbeckia, Euonymus, and Weigela with Stasis™ or Root-Zone and Nandina with Root-Zone all had better visual ratings than the stress treatment. Evapotranspiration was not reduced for any Stasis™ or Root-Zone treatment for any species in either experiment compared to control stress treatments.

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EVALUATION OF WATER CONSERVATION POTENTIAL OF NON-TURF GROUNDCOVERS VS. KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS UNDER INCREASING LEVELS OF DROUGHT STRESS.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.676c ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 676c-676

Author(s):

David Staats ◽

James E. Klett

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Field Study ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Good Alternative ◽

The Other ◽

Irrigation Treatments ◽

Better Than

In June 1991, a two year field study was initiated to examine if three non-turf groundcovers with reputations for using low amounts of water actually use less water than Kentucky bluegrass (KBG). Irrigation treatments were based on percentages of ET (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 0%) and calculated by the modified Penman equation. Results from the 1991 season indicate that at the 100% and 75% treatments Potentilla tabernaemontani and Cerastium tomentosum were significantly better than the other species in terms of establishment and vigor but quality declined significantly at rates below 75%. At the 50% rate both KBG and Sedum acre maintained good quality although growth was slow. At the 25% rate, quality of KBG significantly declined while Sedum acre maintained good quality. Quality of Sedum acre declined only slightly at the 0% treatment and would be a good alternative to KBG if water conservation was a high priority in the landscape.

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Effect of drought stress during soybean R2-R6 growth stages on sucrose metabolism and its transport from leaf to seed

10.21203/rs.2.16721/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yanli Du ◽

Qiang Zhao ◽

Liru Chen ◽

Xingdong Yao ◽

Huijun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Seed Development ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Sucrose Metabolism ◽

Seed Formation ◽

Seed Filling ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Early Seed Development ◽

Assimilation Capacity

Abstract Background Sucrose is the main photosynthesis product of plants and the fundamental carbon skeleton monomer and energy supply for seed formation and development. Drought stress induces decreased photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity and seriously affects seed weight in soybean. However, little is known about the relationship between decreases in soybean seed yield and disruption of sucrose metabolism and transport balance in leaves and seeds during the reproductive stages of crop growth.Results Three soybean cultivars with similar growth periods, ‘Shennong17’, ‘Shennong8’, and ‘Shennong12’ were subjected to drought stress during reproductive growth for 45 days. Drought stress significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot biomass, and seed weight. Drought stress changed the distribution of carbon assimilation products in leaves, thus decreasing starch content and increasing soluble sugar content. Drought stress increased the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and acid invertase enzymes, and up-regulated the expression levels of GmSPS1 , GmSuSy2 , and GmA-INV in leaves. Drought stress decreased the contents of starch, fructose, and glucose in seeds during the late seed filling stages, while it induced sucrose accumulated, which resulted in a decreased hexose-to-sucrose ratio. In developing seeds, the activities of sucrose synthesis and decomposition enzymes and the expression levels of genes related to metabolism were enhanced during early seed development under drought stress; however, under prolonged drought stress, all of them decreased. The expression levels of sucrose transporter genes in seeds were up-regulated under drought stress during early seed development, but down-regulated in leaves and seeds during the middle and late seed filling stages.Conclusion These results demonstrated that drought stress enhances the capacity for unloading sucrose into seeds and activated sucrose metabolism in seeds during early seed development. At the middle and late seed filling stages, sucrose flow from leaves to seeds was diminished, and the balance of sucrose metabolism was impaired in seeds, resulting in seed mass reduction. The different regulation strategies in sucrose allocation, metabolism, and transport during different seed development stages may be one of the physiological mechanisms for soybean plants to resist drought stress.

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Overexpression of the StP5CS gene promotes nodulation and nitrogen fixation in vegetable soybean under drought stress

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-490 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

X. X. Wang ◽

F. . Gao ◽

S. P. Yang ◽

J. Y. Gai ◽

Y. L. Zhu

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Nodule Development ◽

Vegetable Soybean ◽

Wild Type ◽

Total N ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Better Than

The StP5CS (GenBank accession number: JN606861) T6 homozygous transgenic lines (HTLs) of vegetable soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] were grown using vermiculite pot culture to determine whether StP5CS overexpression would enhance nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in two T6 HTLs (17W-1, 17W-2) under drought conditions. The growth performance, nodule development and seed weight of T6 HTLs were significantly better than those of wild type (WT) plants. The proline levels in various tissues of T6 HTLs were higher than WT plants. The concentrations of total ureide, total N, leghemoglobin (Lb) and the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) in the T6 HTLs were significantly increased. Moreover, the relative expression levels of five key nodulation- and SNF-associated genes (i.e., GmENOD40-1, GmENOD40-2, GmLba, GmGS1â1 and GmGS1â2) were significantly higher in T6 HTLs. In conclusion, overexpression of StP5CS enhances nodulation and SNF in transgenic vegetable soybean under drought stress conditions

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Effect of Rainfall on Glyphosate Plus 2,4-D Performance onEchinochloa crus-galli

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500081807 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 666-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gail A. Wicks ◽

Gordon E. Hanson

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Great Plains ◽

The Other ◽

Spray Solution ◽

West Central ◽

Better Than

Barnyardgrass is a problem in winter wheat fields in the central Great Plains following harvest. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D efficacy on barnyardgrass with or without atrazine was investigated under various watering events at three sites in west central Nebraska. Two experiments were initiated at each site. One experiment dealt with rainfall and the other rainfall plus irrigation. Main plots in stubble fields infested with barnyardgrass were sprayed with glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.4 plus 0.7, 0.5 plus 0.8, and 0.6 plus 1.0 kg ae ha−1alone and with 2.2 kg ai ha−1atrazine. Barnyardgrass was under drought stress in unwatered areas in 1991 at two sites, but the 1993 site was waterlogged. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.6 plus 1.0 kg ha1controlled 62, 99, and 100% of the barnyardgrass at the three sites 30 DAT. Nevertheless, control was reduced to 48, 88, and 35% when atrazine was combined with glyphosate plus 2,4-D. Poorest control came when plants were under stress from drought or waterlogging and atrazine was included in the spray solution. In subplots barnyardgrass plants in a 0.8 m2area were watered 6, 3, or 1 d before spraying and 1, 4, 7, or 11 d after spraying. By watering drought-stressed barnyardgrass 6 d before spraying, control generally was similar or better than with later watering dates. Watering 6 d before spraying with glyphosate plus 2,4-D plus atrazine at 0.6 plus 1.0 plus 2.2 kg ha−1reduced but did not eliminate antagonism from atrazine.

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Grapevine adaptation to drought: New candidate genes for the genotype-dependent response

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20191501016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 01016

Author(s):

M.F. Cardone ◽

R. Perniola ◽

C.R. Catacchio ◽

F. Alagna ◽

S. Rotunno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Early Response ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Water Deficiency ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Specific Trait

Grapevine requires irrigation supply for its cultivation, especially in the arid and semiarid geographic areas. As consequence of the severe climatic changes, water consumption is becoming more and more important as environmental and cost factor that needs to be reduced. Water deficiency can affect berry and wine quality depending on the extent of plant perceived stress, which is a cultivar specific trait. In a four-year project, we tested the physiological and molecular responses to water deficiency of two different table grape cultivars, Italia and Autumn Royal, and we highlighted that they differently adapted to drought stress conditions. Physiological analyses on field-growth plants showed cultivar-specific variations in photosynthetic carbon assimilation and, stomatal conductance under water deficiency. We further combined “omic” analyses to identify candidate genes involved in drought stress response and adaptative traits. Microarray analyses revealed a broad response of cultivar Italia to drought stress conditions characterized by the modulation of 1037 genes involved in biological processes as cell wall organization, carbohydrate metabolism, ROS response, response to hormone and osmotic stress. On the contrary, Autumn Royal response was limited to the modulation of only 29 genes mainly involved in plant stress response, nitrogen metabolism and hormone signal transduction. Our data highlighted that ABA-perception and –signalling are key factors mediating the varietal-specific behavior of the early response to drought.

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Effect of drought stress during grain filling in near-isogenic tall and dwarf hybrids of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600076152 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. Mahalakshmi ◽

F. R. Bidinger ◽

D. S. Raju

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Unit Area ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Dwarfing Gene ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Better Than

SUMMARYThe susceptibility to drought stress during flowering and grain filling of dwarf hybrids of pearl millet carrying the dwarfing gene d2 was investigated in 1987 at Patancheru, India, under field conditions during the dry season and, in the rainy season, under a rain shelter, using four pairs of near-isogenic tall and dwarf hybrids. Drought stress during grain filling reduced the number of grains per unit area and individual grain mass. Grain yields of the dwarf hybrids were lower than those of the corresponding tall hybrids in the unstressed control and under drought stress and were associated with a lower individual grain mass in the dwarf lines. In the dwarf hybrids, harvest index was similar to or better than that of the tall versions but a reduced biomass resulted in lower grain yields. Dwarf hybrids were not more adversely affected by water stress, however, than their tall counterparts, indicating that susceptibility to drought stress would not be likely to limit acceptance of new dwarf varieties.

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Oak sprouts grow better than seedlings under drought stress

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry ◽

10.3832/ifor1823-009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 529-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J Pietras ◽

M Stojanović ◽

R Knott ◽

R Pokorný

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Better Than

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Efficient Regulation of CO2 Assimilation Enables Greater Resilience to High Temperature and Drought in Maize

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.675546 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro M. P. Correia ◽

Anabela Bernardes da Silva ◽

Margarida Vaz ◽

Elizabete Carmo-Silva ◽

Jorge Marques da Silva

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Food Production ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Electron Transport Rate ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Photosynthetic Performance

Increasing temperatures and extended drought episodes are among the major constraints affecting food production. Maize has a relatively high temperature optimum for photosynthesis compared to C3 crops, however, the response of this important C4 crop to the combination of heat and drought stress is poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that resilience to high temperature combined with water deficit (WD) would require efficient regulation of the photosynthetic traits of maize, including the C4–CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM). Two genotypes of maize with contrasting levels of drought and heat tolerance, B73 and P0023, were acclimatized at high temperature (38°C versus 25°C) under well-watered (WW) or WD conditions. The photosynthetic performance was evaluated by gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, and in vitro activities of key enzymes for carboxylation (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase), decarboxylation (NADP-malic enzyme), and carbon fixation (Rubisco). Both genotypes successfully acclimatized to the high temperature, although with different mechanisms: while B73 maintained the photosynthetic rates by increasing stomatal conductance (gs), P0023 maintained gs and showed limited transpiration. When WD was experienced in combination with high temperatures, limited transpiration allowed water-savings and acted as a drought stress avoidance mechanism. The photosynthetic efficiency in P0023 was sustained by higher phosphorylated PEPC and electron transport rate (ETR) near vascular tissues, supplying chemical energy for an effective CCM. These results suggest that the key traits for drought and heat tolerance in maize are limited transpiration rate, allied with a synchronized regulation of the carbon assimilation metabolism. These findings can be exploited in future breeding efforts aimed at improving maize resilience to climate change.

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