scholarly journals BIOCHAR AS A TOOL TO REDUCE THE AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE-GAS BURDEN – KNOWNS, UNKNOWNS AND FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia KAMMANN ◽  
Jim IPPOLITO ◽  
Nikolas HAGEMANN ◽  
Nils BORCHARD ◽  
Maria Luz CAYUELA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Biomass Waste

Agriculture and land use change has significantly increased atmospheric emissions of the non-CO2 green-house gases (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). Since human nutritional and bioenergy needs continue to increase, at a shrinking global land area for production, novel land management strategies are required that reduce the GHG footprint per unit of yield. Here we review the potential of biochar to reduce N2O and CH4 emissions from agricultural practices including potential mechanisms behind observed effects. Furthermore, we investigate alternative uses of biochar in agricultural land management that may significantly reduce the GHG-emissions-per-unit-of-product footprint, such as (i) pyrolysis of manures as hygienic alternative to direct soil application, (ii) using biochar as fertilizer carrier matrix for underfoot fertilization, biochar use (iii) as composting additive or (iv) as feed additive in animal husbandry or for manure treatment. We conclude that the largest future research needs lay in conducting life-cycle GHG assessments when using biochar as an on-farm management tool for nutrient-rich biomass waste streams.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

scholarly journals Local Perception of Drivers of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change Dynamics across Dedza District, Central Malawi Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie G. Munthali ◽  
Nerhene Davis ◽  
Abiodun M. Adeola ◽  
Joel O. Botai ◽  
Jonathan M. Kamwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Lulc Changes

Research on Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) dynamics, and an understanding of the drivers responsible for these changes, are very crucial for modelling future LULC changes and the formulation of sustainable and robust land-management strategies and policy decisions. This study adopted a mixed method consisting of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based analysis, focus-group discussions, key informant interviews, and semi-structured interviews covering 586 households to assess LULC dynamics and associated LULC change drivers across the Dedza district, a central region of Malawi. GIS-based analysis of remotely sensed data revealed that barren land and built-up areas extensively increased at the expense of agricultural and forest land between 1991 and 2015. Analysis of the household-survey results revealed that the perceptions of respondents tended to validate the observed patterns during the remotely sensed data-analysis phase of the research, with 57.3% (n = 586) of the respondents reporting a decline in agricultural land use, and 87.4% (n = 586) observing a decline in forest areas in the district. Furthermore, firewood collection, charcoal production, population growth, and poverty were identified as the key drivers of these observed LULC changes in the study area. Undoubtedly, education has emerged as a significant factor influencing respondents’ perceptions of these drivers of LULC changes. However, unsustainable LULC changes observed in this study have negative implications on rural livelihoods and natural-resource management. Owing to the critical role that LULC dynamics play to rural livelihoods and the ecosystem, this study recommends further research to establish the consequences of these changes. The present study and future research will support decision makers and planners in the design of tenable and coherent land-management strategies.

Fire and carbon management in a diversified rangelands economy: research, policy and implementation challenges for northern Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionne Walsh ◽  
Jeremy Russell-Smith ◽  
Robyn Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Northern Australia

Burning of savanna is a globally important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Australia, burning of savanna contributes between 2% and 4% annually of the nation’s reportable emissions. Complete removal of this source of emissions is unrealistic because fire is a ubiquitous natural process and important land-management tool. In the rangelands of northern Australia, fire is used to manage habitat for conservation, control woodland thickening, manipulate pastures for grazing and is an essential component of indigenous cultural and land-management practice. There has been a concerted attempt in recent times to move away from complete fire suppression and its consequence: frequent, extensive and high intensity wildfires occurring late in the dry season. In fire-adapted vegetation types, prescribed early dry season fires help reduce the incidence of late season wildfires and consequently the amount of GHG emissions produced. The emergence of a carbon economy affords a potential opportunity for land managers to diversify their livelihoods by adopting fire-management practices that reduce GHG emissions and increase carbon sequestration. However, in order to realise benefits from this emerging economy, there is a need to identify and address a range of barriers affecting community participation. The papers in this Special Issue document current scientific knowledge, policy issues and pathways to participation, with particular reference to Australia’s savanna rangelands. This introductory paper outlines how northern Australia has both the opportunity and requirement to develop a diversified rangelands economy to realise multiple conservation, economic and emissions outcomes.

scholarly journals Lessons learned from oak cluster planting trials in central Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somidh Saha ◽  
Christian Kuehne ◽  
Jürgen Bauhus
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Tree Quality ◽  
Growth Quality

Oaks (Quercus spp.) are becoming increasingly important for future forest management as the climate in central Europe warms. Owing to the high costs of conventional row planting, artificial oak stand establishment in the form of “clusters” became popular in central Europe beginning in the 1970s. In cluster plantings, oaks are planted either in groups of ca. 20–25 at 1 m spacing between trees (i.e., group planting) or in denser groups with 20–30 oaks·m−2 (i.e., nest planting). In both cases, the clusters are spaced apart at a distance that represents the target density of future crop trees. A comprehensive review of the history, growth, tree quality development, and economic aspects of oak cluster plantings suggests that initial growing space was the most important factor influencing development of oaks in clusters. Consequently, survival, growth, quality, and biomass production were comparable in group and row plantings but lower in nest plantings. In addition, group plantings resulted in greater stand-level tree species diversity than nest or row plantings. We conclude that oak group planting is a comparatively inexpensive option for the artificial regeneration of oak-dominated broadleaved forests for a range of situations such as reforestation of disturbed areas or the afforestation of abandoned agricultural land. Future research needs regarding development and tending of forests established by oak group planting are highlighted.

Connecting self-monitoring device and hypertension management: A qualitative inquiry of women with hypertension in rural Bangladesh (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Yasmin Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
High Salt Intake

BACKGROUND Like many other developing countries, the implementation of urinary salt-monitoring devices in hypertension (HTN) management is lagging behind in Bangladesh. One possible reason is the limited resources and lack of awareness that impede to get access to home-based HTN management strategies. OBJECTIVE This study has implemented a self-monitoring device (KME-03) with an objective to explore the feasibility of such a device in a rural community level setting to manage HTN. Secondly, the study aimed at showcasing if and how associated socio-cultural aspects influence the understanding of salt intake. METHODS A qualitative approach was adopted for data collection using focus group discussion and key informant interviews. Participants (n=24) were recruited from two different categories namely, community health worker (CHW) (n=8), and hypertensive women (n=16) and the result is reported following the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) guideline. Data were analyzed using the framework method. RESULTS Two potential themes were emerged (a) perceptions on KME-03: CHW and hypertensive patient; and (b) beliefs of salt intake: Socio-cultural cohesion. The main finding indicated the KME-03 device was effective for urinary salt excretion measurement and can potentially be applicable to HTN self-management. Participants were comfortable with the usage and functionalities of KME-03 and had identified some technical errors. The majority of them have disagreed that the device has reduced extra paperwork. Although few of the participants were aware of the detrimental effects of high salt intake, the majority agreed on unawareness which was stimulated by a number of socio-cultural perceptions. The arbitrarily defined cut-points towards salt intake reported that some individuals were susceptible to salt reduction whereas others did not. CONCLUSIONS The CHWs and hypertensive patients found KME-03 device a useful self-management tool in HTN management. The functionalities of the device motivated the participants to integrate HTN management strategies into their everyday life and made them feel like promising perceptions regarding KME-03. However, the findings also denote noteworthy perceptions of salt ingesting practice among HTN patients that are entangled with socio-cultural aspects. This finding has public health significance. Future research should look into this issue more closely to identify components may have an insidious impact on the positive use of self-monitoring device in HTN management. CLINICALTRIAL Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC) registration number 06025072017.

scholarly journals The Strategy of Agriculture Land Management at Gunungsari Area, Kucur Village, Dau, Malang

HABITAT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Yugo Pertiwi ◽  
Kliwon Hidayat ◽  
Yayuk Yuliati
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Dominant Individual ◽  
Agricultural Land Management

The purpose of this study is to describe the structure of land ownership and agricultural land management strategies in the Gunungsari region and explore the socio-economic and ecological conditions that drive the selection of existing land management strategies. The case study was chosen as a research design with Gunungsari agricultural land area as the case. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with key informants, semi-structured interviews with sample farmers, field observations and documents. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the study illustrate that dominant individual agricultural land ownership is fragmented into different plot locations with an area of less than 0.5 hectares. Perennial crop monoculture, annual intercropping, perennial crop intercropping, and mixed gardens are available agricultural land management strategies. Perennial crops as the main crops as well as edge crops are still the dominant choice of farm families, according to the internal uniqueness of each family in their interactions with external factors. This choice has consequences for the current land cover of the Gunungsari region. The actor approach that places social practice as a result of dynamic interactions between the actor's internal conditions and the context of his social-ecological environment is seen as relevant.

scholarly journals Innovativity in Legislative, Political and Organizational Frameworks of Sustainable Land Management in Benin

2021 ◽  
pp. 603-615
Author(s):  
Faridah Dosso ◽  
Latifou Idrissou ◽  
Ismail Moumouni Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Chemical Inputs

Agricultural lands are increasingly degraded due to various human actions (overgrazing, intensive use of chemical inputs) and the consequences of climate change. In Benin, 62% of agricultural land were degraded in 2017. In this regard, Sustainable Land Management measures are highlighted by various public decisions. This study analyzed the political, legislative, and organizational frameworks of Sustainable Land Management in Benin. It was carried out through content analysis of laws, decrees, and Sustainable Land Management policy documents to highlight the place of innovativity in institutional and organizational framework in Sustainable Land Management in Benin. Results reveal that the various frameworks analyzed are oriented towards developing practice-based innovations through the implementation of Sustainable Land Management measures, support to actors in the implementation of Sustainable Land Management innovations and the monitoring and evaluation of Sustainable Land Management strategies. The capacity to innovate is also promoted through the strengthening of the technical, institutional, material, and financial capacities of the actors. On the other hand, the propensity to innovate component of Innovativity is hardly addressed in Sustainable Land Management public policies in Benin. It is therefore necessary to direct agricultural policies towards an institutionalization of the strengthening of the propensity to innovate of agricultural producers for a long-term appropriation of Sustainable Land Management measures in Benin.

Locus of Control, Safety Attitudes and Involvement in Hazardous Events in Indian Army Aviators

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Joseph ◽  
Suhasini Reddy ◽  
Kanwal Kashore Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Safety Attitudes ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Self Confidence

Locus of control (LOC), safety attitudes, and involvement in hazardous events were studied in 205 Indian Army aviators using a questionnaire-based method. A positive correlation was found between external LOC and involvement in hazardous events. Higher impulsivity and anxiety, and decreased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial were associated with a greater number of hazardous events. Higher external LOC was associated with higher impulsivity, anxiety, and weather anxiety and with lower self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Internal LOC was associated with increased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Hazardous events and self-confidence were higher in those involved in accidents than those not involved in accidents. Future research needs to address whether training can effectively modify LOC and negative attitudes, and whether this would cause a reduction in, and better management of, human errors.

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