Fire and carbon management in a diversified rangelands economy: research, policy and implementation challenges for northern Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionne Walsh ◽  
Jeremy Russell-Smith ◽  
Robyn Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Northern Australia

Burning of savanna is a globally important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Australia, burning of savanna contributes between 2% and 4% annually of the nation’s reportable emissions. Complete removal of this source of emissions is unrealistic because fire is a ubiquitous natural process and important land-management tool. In the rangelands of northern Australia, fire is used to manage habitat for conservation, control woodland thickening, manipulate pastures for grazing and is an essential component of indigenous cultural and land-management practice. There has been a concerted attempt in recent times to move away from complete fire suppression and its consequence: frequent, extensive and high intensity wildfires occurring late in the dry season. In fire-adapted vegetation types, prescribed early dry season fires help reduce the incidence of late season wildfires and consequently the amount of GHG emissions produced. The emergence of a carbon economy affords a potential opportunity for land managers to diversify their livelihoods by adopting fire-management practices that reduce GHG emissions and increase carbon sequestration. However, in order to realise benefits from this emerging economy, there is a need to identify and address a range of barriers affecting community participation. The papers in this Special Issue document current scientific knowledge, policy issues and pathways to participation, with particular reference to Australia’s savanna rangelands. This introductory paper outlines how northern Australia has both the opportunity and requirement to develop a diversified rangelands economy to realise multiple conservation, economic and emissions outcomes.

scholarly journals Small Ruminants Grazing as a Rehabilitative Land Management Tool in the Negev Highland; Soil, Geomorphological and Topographical Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1730
Author(s):  
Amir Mor-Mussery ◽  
Hiam Abu-Glion ◽  
Shimshon Shuker ◽  
Eli Zaady
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Land Management Practice ◽  
Seasonal Flood ◽  
Vegetation Expansion

The ‘wadis’ (ephemeral incised channels in arid regions) concern badlands with low agriculture utilisation that expands to neighbouring cultivated areas. They are noticeable and unique landforms characterised by vegetation patches and seasonal flood flows with scenic beauty that must be conserved. The wadi characteristics have influenced the way of life of their indigenous residents from ancient times until now. The main one is grazing with small ruminants (SR). The authorities and public consider grazing in these areas as a destructive land management practice that should be reduced. To assess the viability of grazing in such regions, we hypothesised that fluvial and biological flows tightly correlate with the wadis’ landforms, channels and slopes. The site of study is located in the Yeroham mountains nearby the Rahma planned Bedouin village. Five different transects of channels and slopes were located over representative wadis, including those exposed to grazing. The finding indicates that a herbaceous vegetation expansion uphill was observed only in grazed transects, while the wadi slope patterns affect its patterns. It contains an increased soil water content (from a similar value of 5% until 13% change in the grazed transect), 1.5% higher soil organic matter, 0.08 mg Kg−1 higher Nitrite content and 1–2% higher clay content in the grazed transects, up to 4 m ahead from the channel. The novelty of this finding suggested that the SR influences the organic matter to reach the wadi channel and facilitate the adherence of aggregated clay and the formed colluvial layer that serves as a substrate to the expanded vegetation growth. Adequate implementation of these grazing patterns may rehabilitate degraded ‘wadis’ and increase their tourism eligibility.

Incentivising peatland restoration and rewetting actions through a result-based EU carbon farming mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asger Strange Olesen ◽  
Sarah Pyndt Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Carbon Credit ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
The Eu

<p>Intact peatland plays an important role for the carbon cycle, climate mitigation and provision of ecosystems services due to their role as a permanent water-locked carbon stock and ongoing sink. However, years of unsustainable land management practices have resulted in degradation of peatlands in the EU and around 220 Mt CO₂ eq. are emitted in the EU per year[1] from peatland drainage alone. New approaches to peatland restoration and rewetting are being explored to ensure effective and efficient climate actions. Learning from and building on already operational sub-national and national result-based payment peatland mechanism and programmes, this study provides recommendations on designing and operating an effective and efficient result-based carbon farming peatland mechanism in the EU. The findings suggest that a results-based carbon farming mechanism offers a promising way to incentivise, e.g. governments, authorities and farmers to develop and implement peatland restoration and rewetting projects. Results-based mechanisms provide new and additional sources of finance to counter high upfront restoration costs, as well as provide an opportunity to valorise GHG emissions from large, geographically confined emission sources based on current carbon credit prices.</p><div> <div> <p>[1] Source: Grifswald Mire Centre (2019). https://www.greifswaldmoor.de/files/dokumente/Infopapiere_Briefings/202003_CAP%20Policy%20Brief%20Peatlands%20in%20the%20new%20EU%20Version%204.8.pdf</p> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Forest and Agricultural Lands: Reducing Emissions

EDIS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon G. Haile ◽  
Clyde W. Fraisse ◽  
Ramachandran P-K Nair ◽  
Vimala D. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Biological Engineering ◽  
Agricultural Lands

AE443, a 7-page fact sheet by Solomon G. Haile, Clyde W. Fraisse, P.K. Ramachandran Nair, and Vimala D. Nair, is part of the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Forest and Agricultural Lands series. It provides basic information about greenhouse gases (GHGs), the greenhouse effect, and global warming, and sources of GHG emissions from forest and agricultural lands and discusses land management practices that have potential to reduce GHG emissions in the agricultural and forestry sectors of Florida. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, December 2008.

scholarly journals Analysis of Environmental Factors Determining the Adoption of Land Management Practices in Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecological Zone of Kaduna Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
T. A. Awobona ◽  
J. O. Adedapo ◽  
J. O. Emmanuel ◽  
O. Osunsina ◽  
J. A. Ogunsanwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Land Management Practice

This study analyzed the various determinants of land management practices in Chikun LGA of Kaduna State and determined most sustainable practice(s), with the specific focus on: Socio-economic characteristics of farmers; types of land management practices in relation to the determinant factors; effects of land management practices on the farm productivity; determine the most sustainable land management practice in the study area. A purposive sampling technique was adopted in collecting data from three hundred and eighty (380) rural farmers with structured questionnaires administered in Buruku, Chikun Local Government area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Five land management practices showed positive effects on the farm productivity as compared to the mean of 3 points; these were cover crop, crop rotation, irrigation, organic manure and fertilizer application. Two land management practices as perceived to have good effects on farm productivity of respondents were agro-forestry and bush fallow as shown in the component one of the result of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It was concluded that the farming population was ageing and was adversely affected the choice of best practices due to lack of education and knowledge to adopt the best land management practice. Sustainable land management practices has the potential to reverse the trend of food scarcity and environmental disasters, help to improve local livelihoods, restore natural ecosystems and also contribute significantly to climate change adaptation and mitigation. There is clear evidence that the productivity of soils in Buruku Village will continue to decline if strategic measures are not put in place to manage soil fertility in different soil units to support agricultural land.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) leakage and net mitigation of typical carbon sequestration practices in China’s terrestrial ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Lu ◽  
Guo Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Bojie Liu ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
The Impact

<p>Many management practices in cropland, forest and grassland ecosystems can extend forest area, increase carbon input or prevent C loss from vegetation and soil, and subsequently enhance C sinks and stocks. These management practices are considered as promising carbon sequestration measures. However, during implementation of these measures, the production, transportation and consumption of corresponding materials (such as synthetic fertilizers) and fossil fuel, the additional trace GHG emissions, and the processes taking place elsewhere as a result of the implementation activities may lead to GHG budget change other than the carbon stock, and form GHG leakage. Consequently, in order to reveal the true contribution of these practices to global warming mitigation and GHG reduction, full GHG budget need to be considered rather than the impact on soil and vegetation carbon alone. We built the frame of “Carbon Accounting and Net Mitigation (CANM)” and serious of CANM methods to investigate the GHG leakage and net mitigation of typical carbon sequestration practices in China's terrestrial ecosystem, including China’s national ecological restoration projects, and forest, cropland and grassland managements. The results showed large variations in carbon contributions, GHG leakages and their counteraction effects among different practices and ecosystems. The counteraction effects of GHG leakage from forest management and some forest-related ecological restoration projects were relatively small and could hardly exceed 25%. Meanwhile, the GHG leakage of some cropland management practice (e.g., straw return in rice paddies) could fully offset the carbon sequestration in soil. But reduction of synthetic fertilizer application in accordance with the national fertilization recommendations might own considerable net GHG mitigation potential. Grazing prohibition could sequester carbon in grassland ecosystem, but the transfer of grazing activity could offset about half of the carbon sequestration effect. Therefore, policies and technical approaches to minimize GHG leakage are necessary to enhance the GHG mitigation effect of the ecosystem carbon sequestration practices.</p>

Frequency and season of fires varies with distance from settlement and grass composition in Eucalyptus miniata savannas of the Darwin region of northern Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis P. Elliott ◽  
Donald C. Franklin ◽  
David M. J. S. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Fire Cycle ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Key Issues

In savanna environments, fire and grass are inextricably linked by feedback loops. In the Darwin area of northern Australia, flammable tall annual grasses of the genus Sarga (previously Sorghum1) have been implicated in a savanna fire-cycle. We examined the relationship between fire history, the grass layer and distance from settlement using LANDSAT images and plot-based surveys. Areas more than 500 m from settlement were burnt almost twice as often, the additional fires being concentrated late in the dry season and in areas dominated by annual Sarga and even more so where dominated by short annual grasses. Grass cover was a stronger correlate of fire frequency than grass biomass, the two showing a non-linear relationship. Sites dominated by short annual grasses had similar cover to, but markedly lower biomass than those dominated by annual Sarga or perennial grasses. Our results reflect the success of fire suppression in the vicinity of settlements, but little effective management of late dry-season wildfires in remoter areas. We evaluate several hypotheses for the association of frequent fire with annual grasses regardless of their growth form and conclude that fuel connectivity and possibly other fuel characteristics are key issues worthy of further investigation.

scholarly journals BIOCHAR AS A TOOL TO REDUCE THE AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE-GAS BURDEN – KNOWNS, UNKNOWNS AND FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia KAMMANN ◽  
Jim IPPOLITO ◽  
Nikolas HAGEMANN ◽  
Nils BORCHARD ◽  
Maria Luz CAYUELA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Biomass Waste

Agriculture and land use change has significantly increased atmospheric emissions of the non-CO2 green-house gases (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). Since human nutritional and bioenergy needs continue to increase, at a shrinking global land area for production, novel land management strategies are required that reduce the GHG footprint per unit of yield. Here we review the potential of biochar to reduce N2O and CH4 emissions from agricultural practices including potential mechanisms behind observed effects. Furthermore, we investigate alternative uses of biochar in agricultural land management that may significantly reduce the GHG-emissions-per-unit-of-product footprint, such as (i) pyrolysis of manures as hygienic alternative to direct soil application, (ii) using biochar as fertilizer carrier matrix for underfoot fertilization, biochar use (iii) as composting additive or (iv) as feed additive in animal husbandry or for manure treatment. We conclude that the largest future research needs lay in conducting life-cycle GHG assessments when using biochar as an on-farm management tool for nutrient-rich biomass waste streams.

scholarly journals Weed management practices in natural ecosystems: a critical overview

Koedoe ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Herbicide Use

Increasing public pressure against the use of pesticides and other agricultural inputs has placed increased emphasis on the development of ecologically based pest management. One distinct reaction of the Weed Science discipline has been the swing away from herbicide research to increased research on the basic biology and ecology of weeds in hopes of reduced reliance on "technological crutches" such as herbicides and other practices that are potentially harmful to the environment. Biological control is the long-standing alternative to the use of herbicides and interest in the former practice has been boosted by the realization that the use of herbicides may lead to the development of herbicide resistance in weed populations, and that herbicide residues occur in surface and groundwater. Supporters of herbicide use would point out that biological control is generally not effective in crop production systems, and is basically slow-acting. Debates between protagonists for the exclusive use of one or the other weed management practice tend to obscure the benefits that integration of different techniques are likely to have. For natural ecosystems it is proposed that integration of the more subtle practice of biological control with the use of herbicides, which relatively quickly overwhelm a biological system with mortality, is likely to be the most effective weed management tool. Different weed management practices that could be considered in natural ecosystems are discussed in terms of three key performance rating criteria, viz. activity, selec- tivity and persistence In this concise review, general discussion is focussed on the fundamentals of weed management practices, with the view to promote concept-based approaches that are critical for the development of effective weed management strate- gies.

scholarly journals Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Under Different Cover Crop Systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyu Wang ◽  
Eri Saikawa ◽  
Alexander Avramov ◽  
Nicholas S. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Gas Fluxes

Cultivated lands that support high productivity have the potential to produce a large amount of GHG emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). Intensive land management practices can stimulate CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions from the soil. Cover crop establishment is considered as one of the sustainable land management strategies under warm and humid environmental conditions. To better understand how the incorporation of cover crops affect three major GHGs, we compared trace gas fluxes in a no-till maize field over the whole growing season in 2018 in a no cover crop (Tr) system and three cover crop systems: crimson clover (CC), cereal rye (CR), and living mulch (LM) using white clover. In 2019, we further explored potential differences in the three GHGs between in-row (IR) and between-row (BWR) of maize for LM and Tr systems during the early growing season. Measurements were taken using a cavity ring-down spectroscopy gas analyzer in Watkinsville, GA. In 2018, the highest CO2 flux (7.00 μmol m−2 s−1) was observed from BWR of maize for LM. The maximum N2O flux observed in LM on June 20th in 2018 was when soil N increase rate was the largest. Soils served as sinks for CH4 and Tr system served as the smallest CH4 sink compared to the other three cover crop systems. For N2O, the highest fluxes were observed from the TrIR plot (4.13 μmol m−2 hr−1) in 2019 with the greatest N inputs. In 2019, we observed a smaller CH4 sink in TrIR (−0.13 μmol m−2 hr−1) compared to TrBWR (−0.67 μmol m−2 hr−1) due potentially to greater NH4+ inhibition effects on CH4 consumption from greater N fertilizer inputs. The net carbon equivalent (CE) from May 23rd to Aug 16th in 2018, taking into account the three GHG fluxes, soil carbon content, and fertilizer, irrigation, and herbicide application, were 32–97, 35–101, 63–139, and 40–106 kg ha−1 yr−1 for CC, CR, LM, and Tr, respectively. LM had the lowest net CE after removing white clover respiration (−16–60 kg ha−1 yr−1). Our results show that implementing different types of cover crop systems and especially the LM system have some potential to mitigate climate change.

Talented Employees in Russian and Foreign Companies

2013 ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Latukha ◽  
T. Tsukanova
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Practice Development

The study investigates talent management practices in Russian and foreign companies. The inquiry of Russian and foreign companies (working in Russia) showed that perceived and dedicated talent management practices contribute to better companies performance. The study results can be used in talent management practice development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document