scholarly journals A HIERARCHICAL MODEL FOR ECO-DESIGN OF CONSUMER ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun WANG ◽  
Hing Kai CHAN ◽  
Carman K. M. LEE ◽  
Dong LI
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Consumer Electronic ◽  
Analytic Hierarchical Process ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Design Options

Designing environmentally friendly products has become a tighter requirement in the marketplace because of both the increasing trend in awareness of consumers and the obligations from legislation requirements. Unfortunately, this is not a straight forward decision for designers to evaluate whether their design options are satisfactory in terms of balancing various factors (for examples, different forms of environmental assessment) or not. This is partly attributed to the fact that there is no universally accepted approach for conducting such analysis. In this connection, this research makes reference to a European Union (EU) directive as a reference model and makes use of Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP), which is a useful tool to help designers to make decision, for evaluating eco-design options. The AHP model is developed based on two case studies on consumer electronic products. Pairwise comparisons, one of the key steps in AHP, are conducted with the expertise gained from the case studies and the help from the software package Expert Choice. The paper also reveals how design options can be evaluated, or be screened out. The proposed method does not require the designers to conduct detailed analysis (life-cycle assessment for example) for every new product options and hence can save their time. This is particularly important when they are facing shorter and shorter product life cycle nowadays.

scholarly journals Assessment of VR Technology and its Applications to Engineering Problems

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankar Jayaram ◽  
Judy Vance ◽  
Rajit Gadh ◽  
Uma Jayaram ◽  
Hari Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Virtual Manufacturing ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Product Realization

Virtual reality applications are making valuable contributions to the field of product realization. This paper presents an assessment of the hardware and software capabilities of VR technology needed to support a meaningful integration of VR applications in the product life cycle analysis. Several examples of VR applications for the various stages of the product life cycle engineering are presented as case studies. These case studies describe research results, fielded systems, technical issues, and implementation issues in the areas of virtual design, virtual manufacturing, virtual assembly, engineering analysis, visualization of analysis results, and collaborative virtual environments. Current issues and problems related to the creation, use, and implementation of virtual environments for engineering design, analysis, and manufacturing are also discussed.

scholarly journals Product life cycle assessment (LCA) in the environmental engineering and management aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
Jagath Kulathilaka
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Goal And Scope

Environmental pollution is an ever found crux with the industrialized world although able to prevent or minimize the environmental pollution through some proper environmental management system. Product life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method of environmental assessment especially for the future plans, products and projects although it is able to assess only the environmental impacts through the product life cycle assessment (LCA). According to the methodology of the implementation of the product life cycle assessment (LCA), it is possible to continue at different stages of the relevant activities as necessary. The implementation of the assessment is done based on four key steps namely as goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment and the interpretation. Under this assessment, basically it is expected to prevent the environmental impacts, mitigate the environmental impacts or find a solution for a future problem that relevant with the activity this is proposed.

Delivering biotherapeutics – technical opportunities and strategic trends

10.5912/jcb8 ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Shohet ◽  
Gemma Wood
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Regulatory Approval ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Novel Devices

As the list of biological drugs gaining regulatory approval grows, this paper examines how different technological approaches to delivering these drugs have evolved, and how business strategies have developed to meet the challenges. Companies can broadly be divided into three segments based on their technological approach: (1) developers of novel devices, (2) exploiters of new routes for drug administration and (3) reformulators of drugs. Case studies of companies in each segment are presented. The paper concludes by suggesting that further consolidation of the drug delivery sector is likely either between smaller companies or between large pharma and smaller entities. It is also argued that, as competition intensifies, drug delivery should no longer be regarded as a 'bolt-on', but integrated at an earlier stage of the product life cycle.

Case Studies of Product Life Cycle Environmental Impacts for Teaching Engineering Ethics

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-312
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Eckelman ◽  
John Basl ◽  
Christopher Bosso ◽  
Jacqueline A. Isaacs ◽  
Kathleen Eggleson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Engineering Ethics ◽  
Product Life

Integrating product models with engineering analysis applications: Two case studies

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ANDREW ARNOLD ◽  
JOHN C. KUNZ
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Product Models ◽  
Shared Information

Current methods to develop standard Architecture, Engineering, Construction (AEC) product models focus on the definition of product model semantics without concurrent and formal consideration of the engineering analyses that such models must support, or formal consideration of the requirements for sharing information between applications. We present two case studies that demonstrate a service to extract data from product models and provide inputs to component analysis applications. The service was validated in a proof-of-concept application called the Internet Broker for Engineering Services (IBES) that extracts information for component analysis from product models that are external to the application and accessed across the Internet. IBES was tested for two research cases. The product model for the first case, control valve selection is based on STEP Application Protocol 227. The product model for the second case, control valve diagnosis, specifies additional semantics that support the operations and maintenance (O&M) phase of the facility life cycle. The cases offer evidence that large standard data models can support routine analyses for control valves. However, the amount of shared information between the case applications is small and is largely dependent upon the concurrence of component behaviors that are necessary to model analysis. The IBES reference model and reasoning to support information extraction was consistent for both cases. This consistency suggests that it is possible to define a general set of computational methods that integrate project information models with external component analysis applications across the product life cycle. We argue that enabling a web-based link between product models and applications requires a set of capabilities, including bi-directional communication between separated data and analysis nodes, query generation, data translation, and validation of data extracted from semistandard models. We discuss the tentative implication that minimal shared information calls into question the assumption that large core product models will work effectively in practice.

scholarly journals Riding the Digital Product Life Cycle Waves towards a Circular Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8960
Author(s):  
Ramesh Subramoniam ◽  
Erik Sundin ◽  
Suresh Subramoniam ◽  
Donald Huisingh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Reverse Supply Chains

Data driven organizations such as Amazon and Uber have raised the capabilities and expectations of customers to a new level by providing faster and cheaper products and services. The reviewed literature documented that 10–15% of the online products are returned and in many cases such products are not shelf-ready due to product obsolescence or slight wear and tear, thereby reducing profits. Many of these products are disposed of in landfills. There were very few publications that documented how integration of digitized product life cycle into the business model improves product returns and the remanufacturing processes. As societies continue on, environmentally responsible, digital journeys with connected devices and people, reverse supply chains and remanufacturing will play increased importance in fulfilling customers expanded expectations. The networks are evolving, wherein, data are collected from all phases of the product lifecycles from design, prototype, manufacturing, usage aftermarket, returns remanufacturing and recycling. The objective of this paper’s authors was to describe how all phases of product life cycles can be digitized to improve global reverse supply chains and remanufacturing. The authors performed a literature review and developed case studies to document current and to predict future transformational waves that will become increasingly used in many industrial sectors. The authors made recommendations about the importance of improved product design, reduced processing costs and increased use of remanufactured products based upon data on returns to manufacturers and service providers. This paper contributes to research by providing a framework of a digitized product life cycle integrated with the business process phases including remanufacturing and supported with real-world case studies for practitioners and academicians. The authors outlined potential future topics for academic researchers and practitioners, for expanding usage of digital tools in real-time predictive analytics to improve remanufacturing system’s efficiency and quality.

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