Design Support Needs to Realize More Effective and Resource-Efficient Offerings: A Comparison Among Large Companies and Small and Medium Enterprises

In an economic paradigm where companies think that more is better and resources are considered infinite, waste, pollution, and environmental degradation are often the result. This can, in turn, be addressed by companies focusing on offerings that are both effective and resource efficient. However, this type of offerings can be more uncertain and complex due to multiple factors such as multiple actors and conflicting objectives taking place at once. Dedicated design support for the relatively new offerings will be helpful for designers in industry. Large and small companies could benefit from the dedicated design support to successfully realize these types of offerings. However, the type of support they might need is not clear. Differences and similarities among large and small companies could guide researchers in providing more reliable support. Therefore, the aim of this research is to present differences and similarities of design support needs among large companies and small and medium enterprises. This is carried out through semi-structured interviews and follow-up meetings. The results show that differences include a formal product realization process for large companies and an informal or no process for smaller ones. Similarities point at design support for better communication and management of their offerings with regard to lead time as well as lifecycle and strategic thinking for decision making. The conclusions highlight the importance for researchers to provide design support that purposefully addresses specific needs.

Packer-Setting Methodology with Auto-Fill Capability and Interventionless Valve Reduces Completion Cost

A new valve has been designed and qualified to reduce interventions during packer-setting operations. In a typical well, completion with a hydraulic-production packer, the tubing string must be plugged to create the required pressure differential for packer actuation. At desired depth, delivering a preselected circulation rate actuates the tool and converts the string to a closed system, enabling the packer to be set hydraulically. Before designing the valve, an operator's engineering and operational requirements were collected and understood. Then a conceptual design was evaluated, and a prototype device was manufactured. The valve was tested for autofill capability, actuation parameters and pressure integrity. The critical design elements of the valve are the choking and spring mechanisms, which enable circulation without prematurely actuating the valve and then enable tubing autofill. A visual inspection post qualification test was conducted to validate the components’ condition and integrity. During the qualification process, the valve working envelope was developed. After the successful qualification test, the valve was deployed in a customer well with a production packer that has a blanking device consisting of a ceramic disc. Prior to deployment, hydraulic simulation was done to determine the required flow rate to achieve desired pressure drop across the valve for actuation. During deployment, the tubing was filled automatically, validating the valve autofill capability. Upon reaching setting depth, the completion string was circulated at the required circulation rate to actuate the valve and close the system. Pressure integrity in the tubing validated the valve functionality. Surface pressure was applied against the blanking device, and the production packer was set hydraulically. Subsequently, before completing the well, the blanking device was broken using a slickline run, and the well was put on production. The deployment technique using the valve requires only one slickline run whereby in typical operation four slickline runs are required. This project represented true problem-solving engineering approaches. The operator requirements were properly understood and conceptual design was validated, and product realization phase was initiated. The efficient product development methodology improves the lead time from conceptualization to product realization. During the first well deployment, hydraulic simulation during the prejob planning proved to be critical to understanding the required circulation rates to actuate the valve.

Pengembangan augmented reality book berbasis situs peninggalan kebudayaan sebagai sumber belajar sejarah

Augmented Reality Book is the development of a book inspired by the development of Augmented Reality technology. A book that is developed combining books in the form of literacy works with the findings of archaeological relics created in 3D images to be displayed in books with the help of an android application. This research adheres to the development theory made by Plomp which consists of 1) Initial Phase, 2) Design Phase, 3) Product realization or manufacture stage, 4) Testing, assessment, and improvement phase, 5) Product testing phase. From the data on the results of filling in the research instrument in the form of a questionnaire, it was obtained that 80% of the student's response value or the percentage showed a positive value, as the assessment indicators were in good criteria, so a conclusion could be drawn that students were motivated by the use of learning resources Augmented Reality Book.

A Cost-Efficient Data-Driven Approach to Design Space Exploration for Personalized Geometric Design in Additive Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) is considered as a key to personalized product realization as it provides great design flexibility. As the flexibility radically expands the design space, current design space exploration methods for personalized geometric designs become time-consuming due to the use of physically-based computer simulations (e.g., finite element analysis or computational fluid dynamics). This poses a significant challenge in design for an efficient personalized product realization cycle, which imposes a tight computation cost constraint to timely respond to every new requirement. To address the challenge, we propose a cost-efficient data-driven design space exploration method for personalized geometric design in AM, enabling precise feasible design regions under the computation constraint. Specifically, the proposed method adopts surrogate modeling of efficient voxel model-based design rules to identify feasible design regions considering both manufacturability and personalized needs. Since design rules take much less time for evaluation than physically-based simulations, the proposed method can contribute to timely providing feasible design regions for an efficient personalized product realization cycle. Moreover, we develop a cost-based experimental design for surrogate modeling, which enables the evaluation of additional design points to provide more precise feasible design regions under the computation cost constraint. The merits of the proposed method are elaborated via additively manufactured microbial fuel cell (MFC) anode design.

Implementing Concurrent Engineering and QFD Method to Achieve Realization of Sustainable Project

In this paper, we present the impact of concurrent engineering strategies, methods, and tools on product sustainability. Concurrent engineering can be used to achieve the primary goals of a product realization project: lower costs, shorter times, high quality, and increasing value. Currently, it is important that new products also meet product sustainability goals, such as economic, environmental, and social goals. The sustainability of a product can be influenced the most in the early stages of product development, so in this paper, we present a customized quality function deployment (QFD) method called the house of sustainability, which translates sustainability requirements into technical solutions for a product. A seven-step process for implementing a sustainable product realization project is also proposed, in which the house of sustainability is one of the most important tools. The proposed process is illustrated with an example of a concurrent product realization project in engineering to order production.

Diffusion Model of Various Modifications of an Innovative Product

Digitalization entails the application of digital technologies to a wide range of existing tasks and enables solution of new tasks. This article is based on data sets on current sales volumes of innovative products to forecast their future sales. The first stage is applying the innovation diffusion in the F. Bass model to calculate the diffusion coefficients of different modifications of Sony’s PlayStation. To estimate factors which influence innovation and related results within firms, the company IMPRINTA producing 3D printers was surveyed. It is shown that taking into account technical parameters, a cascade diffusion model of product innovation is the best for describing the process of product realization. The information obtained from the diffusion analysis of two 3D printer models can be used to improve the efficiency of key business processes, including production, procurement, marketing and advertising. The use of the diffusion model made it possible to generate three different scenarios for the release and promotion of a new modification of one of the 3D printer models depending on the selected niche, the time of market launch and the intensity of the marketing and advertising campaign. Each scenario enables adjusting the cost and technical parameters of the future modification.

Features of Management and Modeling of Business Processes of Tourist Enterprises

The main business processes of a tourist enterprise aimed at creating a tourist product are considered. It is defined the essence of the business process of a tourist enterprise and highlighted its properties. The business model is considered and formed, which is divided into four main levels. Several methods have been identified for business process modeling, based on a structured and objectively oriented approach to modeling. The business processes of tourist product realization are structured.

A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATION OF VENDORS IN AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR

Vendor selection is the first step in the product realization process that starts with the purchasing of materials and ends with delivering the products. The objective of the present research is to select the best vendor in a leading automobile organization. The multi-criteria decision making techniques of fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) and the Analytical Network Process (ANP) were applied to achieve reliable results. A case study of a manufacturing unit in northern India was used to validate the proposed framework. The output of the QFD showed the pre-qualified vendors as V3, V2 and V7 with relative user requirement (RUR) values of 0.188, 0.145 and 0.134, respectively. The final ranking of the vendors is presented using the ANP model.

Use of Autochthonous Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains to Produce Fermented Fish Products

The present research was aimed to the optimization of the production of a fish fermented salami-like product using autochthonous Lactiplantibacillus plantarum starters. The activity was performed through two phases: (1) Optimization of fermented fish product composition by using a 2k-p Fractional Factorial Design: the variables tested were nitrites (0–150 ppm), salt (2.5–7.5%), sucrose (0–4%), white pepper (0–0.10%), and fermentation temperature (10–30°C); (2) Product realization and evaluation of its microbiological profile [aerobic microbiota (APC), Pseudomonadaceae (PSE), Enterobacteriaceae (E), and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) populations], chemico-physical parameters (pH and aw), and sensorial quality (odor, texture, color, and overall acceptability) during its storage at 4°C for 21 days. In the first step, the fish pulp was mixed with the appropriate amounts of ingredients, according to the experimental design; each batch was individually inoculated with the studied starter (L. plantarum 11, L. plantarum 69, and L. plantarum DSM1055) at 107 cfu/g and incubated at 10, 20, or 30°C for 7 days. The lowest fermentation time (time to reach pH 4.4) was obtained with 4% sucrose, 100 ppm nitrite and a process temperature of 30°C. In the second step, salami-like were produced according to the individuated formulation and inoculated with the studied starters (107 cfu/g); the fish mixture was stuffed into a natural casing and left to ferment at 30°C for 7 days. The use of the selected strains not only assured a correct fermentation but reduced the process time at only 2 days; during refrigerated storage, a good microbiological, chemico-physical and sensorial quality of the final product was recorded for at least 21 days.