Assessment of heavy metals bioconcentration factor (BCF) and genotoxicity response induced by metal mixture in Salmo salar tissues

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintarė Sauliutė ◽  
Milda Stankevičiūtė ◽  
Gintaras Svecevičius ◽  
Janina Baršienė ◽  
Roberta Valskienė
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
Metal Mixture ◽  
Nuclear Abnormalities

The aim of this study was to evaluate metals bioconcentration factor (BCF) in gills, liver, kidneys and muscle in relation with genotoxicity effects of metal mixture in peripheral blood, kidneys, gills and liver erythrocytes of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish were exposed to maximum-permissible waterborne concentrations of Zn – 0.1, Cu – 0.01, Ni – 0.01, Cr – 0.01, Pb – 0.005 and Cd – 0.005 mg/L, respectively for 7 and 14 days. Genotoxicity was studied using the micronucleus test. In addition, erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) were analysed. Our study indicates that metal BCF in Atlantic salmon is tissue-dependent. Based on the BCF classification scale, the relatively low values of metals bioconcentration were assessed, except for Zn (gills) and Cu (liver) (359.6 and 594.0, respectively). Zn intensively concentrated in fish tissues, while Pb – least of all. Overall, metals were concentrated mostly in the liver, least – in the muscle. Significant differences among BCF values of Pb in gills and muscle and Cd in gills were measured between 7 and 14 d exposure groups. Treatment with metal mixture significantly increased micronucleus frequencies after 7 d of exposure in liver and peripheral blood erythrocytes. Significant genotoxicity response was not observed after 14 d treatment. The erythrocytic nuclei abnormalities determined in S. salar blood were nuclear bud on filament (NBf), nuclear bud (NB), blebbed (BL), kidney shaped, vacuolated (VacNuc), 8-shaped nuclei and fragmented-apoptotic (FA) erythrocytes. Significant elevation in total ENAs level was detected in kidneys and liver erythrocytes after 7 d treatment, while after 14 d – in gills and kidneys erythrocytes. No significant differences among analysed responses were measured between 7 and 14 d exposure groups, except total ENAs level in liver erythrocytes.

Dexamethasone treatment affects skin mucous cell density in Gyrodactylus derjavini infected Salmo salar

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Olafsdottir ◽  
K. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Cell Discharge ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Cell Densities

AbstractAtlantic salmon, Salmo salar, is normally rather refractive to infection with the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini but dexamethasone treatment of the host increases the susceptibility. The causative mechanisms were elucidated in this work. Groups of Atlantic salmon were treated by intra-peritoneal dexamethasone injections and subsequently infected with G. derjavini. It was shown that both the infection level and the mucous cell density of caudal and pelvic fins were affected by the treatment. Significantly higher mucous cell densities were found on infected and treated fish whereas non-infected and treated fish showed no significant elevation of cell density. This suggests that mucous cell discharge elicited by infection is inhibited by the drug. The association with elevated parasite counts in these fish can be explained either by decreased anti-parasitic mucus action or by parasite predilection for intact mucous cells.

scholarly journals An Update on the Content of Fatty Acids, Dioxins, PCBs and Heavy Metals in Farmed, Escaped and Wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1901
Author(s):  
Ida-Johanne Jensen ◽  
Karl-Erik Eilertsen ◽  
Carina Helen Almli Otnæs ◽  
Hanne K. Mæhre ◽  
Edel Oddny Elvevoll
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

In this paper, we present updated data on proximate composition, amino acid, and fatty acid composition, as well as concentrations of dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and selected heavy metals, in fillets from farmed (n = 20), escaped (n = 17), and wild (n = 23) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The concentrations of dioxins (0.53 ± 0.12 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ)/g), dioxin-like PCBs (0.95 ± 0.48 pg TEQ/g), mercury (56.3 ± 12.9 µg/kg) and arsenic (2.56 ± 0.87 mg/kg) were three times higher in wild compared to farmed salmon, but all well below EU-uniform maximum levels for contaminants in food. The six ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) PCBs concentrations (5.09 ± 0.83 ng/g) in wild salmon were higher than in the farmed fish (3.34 ± 0.46 ng/g). The protein content was slightly higher in wild salmon (16%) compared to the farmed fish (15%), and the amount of essential amino acids were similar. The fat content of farmed salmon (18%) was three times that of the wild fish, and the proportion of marine long-chain omega-3 fatty acids was a substantially lower (8.9 vs. 24.1%). The omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio was higher in farmed than wild salmon (0.7 vs. 0.05). Both farmed and wild Atlantic salmon are still valuable sources of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. One 150 g portion per week will contribute to more (2.1 g and 1.8 g) than the recommended weekly intake for adults.

The effect of triploidy and vaccination on neutrophils and B-cells in the peripheral blood and head kidney of 0+ and 1+ Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post-smolts

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W.K. Fraser ◽  
Anita Rønneseth ◽  
Gyri T. Haugland ◽  
Per Gunnar Fjelldal ◽  
Ian Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

scholarly journals CHANGES IN MORPHOLOGICAL INDEXES OF YOUNG ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR L.) EXPOSED TO HEAVY METAL (ZN, CU, NI, CR, PB, CD) MIXTURE: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY / ATLANTINIŲ LAŠIŠŲ (SALMO SALAR L.) JAUNIKLIŲ MORFOLOGINIŲ RODIKLIŲ POKYČIAI VEIKIANT SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ (ZN, CU, NI, CR, PB, CD) MIŠINIU: EKSPERIMENTINIS TYRIMAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-417
Author(s):  
Gintarė Sauliutė ◽  
Gintaras Svecevičius
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
One Year ◽  
Somatic Index ◽  
Receiving Water

Morphological indexes are indicative of toxicant effects in fish. Unfortunately, morphological parameters [gill-, liver-, kidney-, viscero-, etc., somatic indexes and the integrated condition factor (CF)], are usually determined in field studies to assess the general fish condition under effect of multicomponent pollution and did not reflect the effects of specific polluting substances (e.g. heavy metals). The purpose of this study was to experimentally evaluate the effect of priority heavy metal model mixture formed based on Maximum-Allowable-Concentration accepted for Lithuanian receiving water bodies (Zn – 0.1, Cu – 0.01, Ni – 0.01, Cr – 0.01, Pb – 0.005 and Cd – 0.005 mg/L, respectively) on condition parameters of one-year-old Atlantic salmon after seven-, fourteen- and twenty eight- day exposure. Significant changes in liver-, kidney- and viscero-somatic indexes were determined, while CF and branchio-somatic-index were found to be not indicative for such kind of the exposure. Correlation analysis between the parameters studied revealed a number of meaningful patterns. The obtained data were compared with the results of the field study in salmonid rivers. Morfologiniai rodikliai – tai toksinio poveikio žuvims indikatoriai. Šie rodikliai (įmitimo koeficientas, visceralinis, žiaunų, kepenų, inkstų ir kt. somatiniai indeksai) paprastai yra taikomi gamtiniuose tyrimuose, norint įvertinti bendrą žuvų fiziologinę būklę, veikiant daugiakomponentei taršai, neišskiriant konkrečių teršalų (pvz., sunkiųjų metalų) poveikio. Šio tyrimo tikslas – eksperimentiškai nustatyti ir įvertinti morfologinių rodiklių pokyčius po 7-ių, 14-os ir 28-ių parų ekspozicijos, veikiant atlantinės lašišos jauniklius prioritetinių sunkiųjų metalų mišiniu esant didžiausioms leistinoms koncentracijoms (DLK), nustatytoms Lietuvos vidaus vandenims: Zn – 0,1; Cu – 0,01; Ni – 0,01; Cr – 0,01; Pb – 0,005 ir Cd – 0,005 mg/l, atitinkamai. Nustatyti visceralinio, kepenų ir inkstų somatinių indeksų žymūs pokyčiai, tačiau įmitimo koeficiento ir žiaunų somatinio indekso pokyčiai buvo nereikšmingi visą ekspozicijos laikotarpį. Ištirtų rodiklių koreliacinė analizė atskleidė keletą svarbių dėsningumų. Gauti duomenys palyginti su gamtinio tyrimo lašišinėse upėse rezultatais.

scholarly journals Baseline micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities frequencies in native fishes from the Paraná River (Argentina)

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
GNA Furnus ◽  
JD Caffetti ◽  
EM García ◽  
MF Benítez ◽  
MC Pastori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Paraná River ◽  
The Other ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Nuclear Abnormalities ◽  
Parana River ◽  
Native Fishes

This work aims to establish baseline frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) in native fish species collected in situ from the Paraná River. For this purpose, the micronucleus test was applied in peripheral blood erythrocytes from specimens obtained from samplings collected at two localities (Posadas and Candelaria, Misiones, Argentina) during the period 2007-2010. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test. Data from nine fish species were obtained, among which Steindachnerina brevipinna(Characiformes) revealed the highest baseline frequency of MN and NA, showing statistically significant differences with regard to the other analyzed species. These results are the first report of baseline MN and NA frequencies for native fish species studied and could be useful for future comparisons with data of fishes belonging to other environments.

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