GAISRO ŽALOS NUSTATYMO MIŠKUI METODOLOGIJA PAGAL „SENTINEL“ NUOTOLINIŲ TYRIMŲ DUOMENIS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Nareiko ◽  
Jūratė Sužiedelytė Visockienė
Keyword(s):  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Sentinel 2A

Vis dažniau kyla poreikis nagrinėjamoje teritorijoje operatyviai atlikti analizę, leidžiančią spręsti įvairius aplinkosaugos, kraštotvarkos, rizikos valdymo uždavinius. Norint atlikti tokią analizę, reikia turėti priėjimą prie nuolat atsinaujinančių ir aukštos skiriamosios gebos nuotolinių tyrimų duomenų. Tokius duomenis teikia ESO (European Space Agency) pagal „Copernicus“ programą. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas atvirų „Sentinel-2A“ palydovų nuotolinių tyrimų duomenų taikymas rizikos valdymo uždaviniui spręsti – gaisro žalai nustatyti. Aptariama metodologija, kuri gali būti pritaikyta miško gaisro žali nustatyti. Pateikiamos formulės ir darbo eiga, leidžianti nustatyti miško gaisro nudegimo laipsnį. Bandomieji darbai atlikti su SNAP programine įranga, leidžianti greitai ir efektyviai apdoroti „Sentinel-2A“ palydovo nuotraukas. Miško gaisro žala nustatyta taikant reliatyvų normalizuotą diegimo indeksą išskiriant iš bendro duomenų masyvo debesuotumą ir hidrologiją. Pagal gautus tyrimų rezultatus pateiktas duomenų modelis, išskiriantis vietas, kuriose miškas labiausiai nukentėjo.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Data Citra Satelit Sentinel 2A Guna Mendukung Pemilihan Pantai Pendaratan Amphibi (Studi Kasus Pulau Selaru)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Rahmad Kurniawan ◽  
Masita Masita ◽  
Nur Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Sentinel 2A

Operasi amfibi (opsfib) merupakan salah satu proyeksi kekuatan militer dengan jalan mengintegrasikan berbagai jenis kekuatan kapal, pesawat udara, dan pasukan pendarat dalam suatu serangan terhadap pantai musuh. Dengan berkembangannya teknologi penginderaan jauh citra satelit saat ini diharapkan mampu untuk memberikan informasi-informasi terkait tentang pelaksanaan operasi pendaratan amfibi. Penelitian dilakukan di Pulau Selaru kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat (MTB) dengan menggunakan citra satelit Sentinel-2A milik European Space Agency (ESA) yang mempunyai resolusi spektral 10 meter. Dalam penggabungan citra satelit dan peralatan analisa spasial (yaitu indeks vegetasi, klasifikasi, dan regresi), informasi di area pesisir seperti, batas garis pantai, komposisi dasar laut, dan batimetri dapat di sediakan. Sebagai hasilnya, pada penelitian ini menggunakan dan menganalisa citra satelit Sentinel-2A untuk pemilihan area terkait mendukung latihan dan operasi pendaratan amfibi dan memberikan informasi yang diperlukan dalam pelaksanaannya.

scholarly journals 10m Sentinel-2A Cloud-Free Composite – Southern Africa 2016

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ramoino ◽  
Florin Tutunaru ◽  
Fabrizio Pera ◽  
Olivier Arino
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Preliminary Processing ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Sentinel 2A

The processing of cloud free geo-referenced imagery is one of the preliminary processing step of any land application. This letter describe the methodology developed to obtain a seamless cloud free composite of Africa for 2016 using Sentinel-2A data at 10 meters resolution freely available from the European Space Agency. The method is based on an hybrid method resulting from the merging of the two most robust time series methods namely the "darkest pixel" and the "maximum NDVI" previously developed with AVHRR time series.

scholarly journals AgroShadow: A New Sentinel-2 Cloud Shadow Detection Tool for Precision Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219
Author(s):  
Ramona Magno ◽  
Leandro Rocchi ◽  
Riccardo Dainelli ◽  
Alessandro Matese ◽  
Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Access Policy ◽  
Detection Tool ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Sentinel 2A ◽  
Omission Errors ◽  
Sentinel 2

Remote sensing for precision agriculture has been strongly fostered by the launches of the European Space Agency Sentinel-2 optical imaging constellation, enabling both academic and private services for redirecting farmers towards a more productive and sustainable management of the agroecosystems. As well as the freely and open access policy adopted by the European Space Agency (ESA), software and tools are also available for data processing and deeper analysis. Nowadays, a bottleneck in this valuable chain is represented by the difficulty in shadow identification of Sentinel-2 data that, for precision agriculture applications, results in a tedious problem. To overcome the issue, we present a simplified tool, AgroShadow, to gain full advantage from Sentinel-2 products and solve the trade-off between omission errors of Sen2Cor (the algorithm used by the ESA) and commission errors of MAJA (the algorithm used by Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales/Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, CNES/DLR). AgroShadow was tested and compared against Sen2Cor and MAJA in 33 Sentinel 2A-B scenes, covering the whole of 2020 and in 18 different scenarios of the whole Italian country at farming scale. AgroShadow returned the lowest error and the highest accuracy and F-score, while precision, recall, specificity, and false positive rates were always similar to the best scores which alternately were returned by Sen2Cor or MAJA.

scholarly journals Detailed Modeling of Cork-Phenolic Ablators in Preparation for the Post-flight Analysis of the QARMAN Re-entry CubeSat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Miccoli ◽  
Alessandro Turchi ◽  
Pierre Schrooyen ◽  
Domenic D’Ambrosio ◽  
Thierry Magin
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
A Priori ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Advection Equation ◽  
High Enthalpy ◽  
Space Agency

AbstractThis work deals with the analysis of the cork P50, an ablative thermal protection material (TPM) used for the heat shield of the qarman Re-entry CubeSat. Developed for the European Space Agency (ESA) at the von Karman Institute (VKI) for Fluid Dynamics, qarman is a scientific demonstrator for Aerothermodynamic Research. The ability to model and predict the atypical behavior of the new cork-based materials is considered a critical research topic. Therefore, this work is motivated by the need to develop a numerical model able to respond to this demand, in preparation to the post-flight analysis of qarman. This study is focused on the main thermal response phenomena of the cork P50: pyrolysis and swelling. Pyrolysis was analyzed by means of the multi-physics Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code argo, developed at Cenaero. Based on a unified flow-material solver, the Volume Averaged Navier–Stokes (VANS) equations were numerically solved to describe the interaction between a multi-species high enthalpy flow and a reactive porous medium, by means of a high-order Discontinuous Galerkin Method (DGM). Specifically, an accurate method to compute the pyrolysis production rate was implemented. The modeling of swelling was the most ambitious task, requiring the development of a physical model accounting for this phenomenon, for the purpose of a future implementation within argo. A 1D model was proposed, mainly based on an a priori assumption on the swelling velocity and the resolution of a nonlinear advection equation, by means of a Finite Difference Method (FDM). Once developed, the model was successfully tested through a matlab code, showing that the approach is promising and thus opening the way to further developments.

scholarly journals Applicability of NGGM near-real time simulations in flood detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
A. F. Purkhauser ◽  
J. A. Koch ◽  
R. Pail
Keyword(s):  
European Space Agency ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Future Mission ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Flood Detection ◽  
The One ◽  
Real Time Simulations ◽  
Grace Mission ◽  
Gravity Mission

Abstract The GRACE mission has demonstrated a tremendous potential for observing mass changes in the Earth system from space for climate research and the observation of climate change. Future mission should on the one hand extend the already existing time series and also provide higher spatial and temporal resolution that is required to fulfil all needs placed on a future mission. To analyse the applicability of such a Next Generation Gravity Mission (NGGM) concept regarding hydrological applications, two GRACE-FO-type pairs in Bender formation are analysed. The numerical closed loop simulations with a realistic noise assumption are based on the short arc approach and make use of the Wiese approach, enabling a self-de-aliasing of high-frequency atmospheric and oceanic signals, and a NRT approach for a short latency. Numerical simulations for future gravity mission concepts are based on geophysical models, representing the time-variable gravity field. First tests regarding the usability of the hydrology component contained in the Earth System Model (ESM) by the European Space Agency (ESA) for the analysis regarding a possible flood monitoring and detection showed a clear signal in a third of the analysed flood cases. Our analysis of selected cases found that detection of floods was clearly possible with the reconstructed AOHIS/HIS signal in 20% of the tested examples, while in 40% of the cases a peak was visible but not clearly recognisable.

scholarly journals Prisma: A New Space Mission For Stellar Physics

1993 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 812-819
Author(s):  
T. Appourchaux ◽  
D. Gough ◽  
P. Hyoyng ◽  
C. Catala ◽  
S. Frandsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Space Agency ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
New Space

PRISMA (Probing Rotation and Interior of Stars: Microvariability and Activity) is a new space mission of the European Space Agency. PRISMA is currently in a Phase A study with 3 other competitors. PRISMA is the only ESA-only mission amongst those four and only one mission will be selected in Spring 1993 to become a real space mission.The goal of the Phase A study is to determine whether the payload of PRISMA can be accommodated on a second unit of the X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM) bus; and whether the budget of the PRISMA mission can be kept below 265 MAU (’88 Economic conditions). The XMM mission is an approved cornerstone and is in a Phase A together with PRISMA.

scholarly journals BepiColombo Science Investigations During Cruise and Flybys at the Earth, Venus and Mercury

2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Mangano ◽  
Melinda Dósa ◽  
Markus Fränz ◽  
Anna Milillo ◽  
Joana S. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Spacecraft Mission ◽  
Joint Mission ◽  
Science Investigations ◽  
Orbit Insertion ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

AbstractThe dual spacecraft mission BepiColombo is the first joint mission between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to explore the planet Mercury. BepiColombo was launched from Kourou (French Guiana) on October 20th, 2018, in its packed configuration including two spacecraft, a transfer module, and a sunshield. BepiColombo cruise trajectory is a long journey into the inner heliosphere, and it includes one flyby of the Earth (in April 2020), two of Venus (in October 2020 and August 2021), and six of Mercury (starting from 2021), before orbit insertion in December 2025. A big part of the mission instruments will be fully operational during the mission cruise phase, allowing unprecedented investigation of the different environments that will encounter during the 7-years long cruise. The present paper reviews all the planetary flybys and some interesting cruise configurations. Additional scientific research that will emerge in the coming years is also discussed, including the instruments that can contribute.

scholarly journals Gaia Data Release 2

2018 ◽  
Vol 616 ◽  
pp. A2 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lindegren ◽  
J. Hernández ◽  
A. Bombrun ◽  
S. Klioner ◽  
U. Bastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proper Motion ◽  
Input Data ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Iterative Solution ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Satellite Attitude ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Data Release ◽  
Ccd Observations ◽  
Celestial Reference System

Context. Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia DR2) contains results for 1693 million sources in the magnitude range 3 to 21 based on observations collected by the European Space Agency Gaia satellite during the first 22 months of its operational phase. Aims. We describe the input data, models, and processing used for the astrometric content of Gaia DR2, and the validation of these resultsperformed within the astrometry task. Methods. Some 320 billion centroid positions from the pre-processed astrometric CCD observations were used to estimate the five astrometric parameters (positions, parallaxes, and proper motions) for 1332 million sources, and approximate positions at the reference epoch J2015.5 for an additional 361 million mostly faint sources. These data were calculated in two steps. First, the satellite attitude and the astrometric calibration parameters of the CCDs were obtained in an astrometric global iterative solution for 16 million selected sources, using about 1% of the input data. This primary solution was tied to the extragalactic International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) by means of quasars. The resulting attitude and calibration were then used to calculate the astrometric parameters of all the sources. Special validation solutions were used to characterise the random and systematic errors in parallax and proper motion. Results. For the sources with five-parameter astrometric solutions, the median uncertainty in parallax and position at the reference epoch J2015.5 is about 0.04 mas for bright (G < 14 mag) sources, 0.1 mas at G = 17 mag, and 0.7 masat G = 20 mag. In the proper motion components the corresponding uncertainties are 0.05, 0.2, and 1.2 mas yr−1, respectively.The optical reference frame defined by Gaia DR2 is aligned with ICRS and is non-rotating with respect to the quasars to within 0.15 mas yr−1. From the quasars and validation solutions we estimate that systematics in the parallaxes depending on position, magnitude, and colour are generally below 0.1 mas, but the parallaxes are on the whole too small by about 0.03 mas. Significant spatial correlations of up to 0.04 mas in parallax and 0.07 mas yr−1 in proper motion are seen on small (< 1 deg) and intermediate (20 deg) angular scales. Important statistics and information for the users of the Gaia DR2 astrometry are given in the appendices.

Thermophysical Properties of Fluids Measured Under Microgravity Conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Fecht ◽  
R.K. Wunderlich
Keyword(s):  
Thermophysical Property ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Property Data ◽  
Microgravity Conditions ◽  
Key Industries ◽  
Sufficient Precision

AbstractThe analysis of nucleation and growth processes relies mostly on circular arguments since basic thermophysical properties necessary, such as the Gibbs free energy (enthalpy of crystallization, specific heat), the density, emissivity, thermal conductivity (diffusivity), diffusion coefficients, surface tension, viscosity, interfacial crystal / liquid tension, etc. are generally unknown with sufficient precision and therefore often deduced from insufficient linear interpolations from the elements. The paucity of thermophysical property data for commercial materials as well as research materials is mostly a result of the experimental difficulties arising from the unwanted convection and reactions of melts with containers at high temperatures. An overview will be given on the results of thermophysical property measurements during several different space flights using containerless processing methods. Furthermore, a perspective on a future measurement program of thermophysical properties supported by the European Space Agency is described. In this regard, the International Space Station is considered as the ideal laboratory for high precision measurements of thermophysical properties of fluids which help to improve manufacturing processes for a number of key industries.

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