COMPARATIVE RESEARCH INTO MULTICOMPONENT CAMELINA SATIVA AND RAPESEED METHYL ESTER BIOFUELS / DAUGIAKOMPONENČIŲ CAMELINA SATIVA IR RAPSO METILESTERIO BIODEGALŲ PALYGINAMIEJI TYRIMAI

The article presents the results of comparative motor research on FAME biofuels using diesel engine VALMET 320 DMG. Energy (ηe, be) and environmental parameters (CO2, CO, NOx, HC, SM) of the engine were estimated. The obtained data on motor research into new biofuels show that the properties of Camelina sativa biofuels are as good as those observed in standardized rapeseed methyl ester biofuels. In case of using Camelina sativa biofuels blends VME and ZME at different engine loads, exhaust emissions from gas smoke could be reduced up to 10% and 30% accordingly comparing with mineral diesel. When the engine is fueled with tested biofuel blends, carbon monoxide emissions decrease by about 5–6%, and the factor for effective performance increases by approximately 4%. In all range of engine loads, an increase in nitrogen oxide emissions reaching 2–3% was observed. In all cases of using biofuel blends, carbon dioxide emissions keep close to the application of mineral diesel. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiami RRME biodegalų palyginamųjų motorinių bandymų, kurie buvo atlikti dyzeliniame variklyje VALMET 320 DMG, rezultatai. Įvertinti variklio energetiniai (ηe, be) ir ekologiniai rodikliai (CO2, CO, NOX, HC, SM). Atliktų naujų biodegalų motoriniai tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad naujų Camelina sativa biodegalų savybės nenusileidžia standartizuotiems rapso metilesterio biodegalų savybėms. Lyginant su mineraliniu dyzelinu, naudojant Camelina sativa biodegalų mišinius VME ir ZME, skirtingais variklio apkrovos režimais galima sumažinti išmetamųjų dujų dūmingumą atitinkamai iki 10 % ir 30 %. Varikliui dirbant bandomaisiais biodegalų mišiniais, buvo pasiektas 5–6 % anglies monoksido emisijos sumažėjimas ir 4 % naudingo veikimo koeficiento padidėjimas. Visame variklio apkrovos diapazone stebimas 2–3 % azoto oksidų emisijos padidėjimas. Anglies dioksido emisija visais biodegalų naudojimo atvejais išlieka artima mineralinio dyzelino naudojimui.

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Effect of rapeseed methyl ester on emission production

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/71/2012-rae ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

M. Pexa ◽

K. Kubín

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Engine Speed ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Emission Component ◽

Rapeseed Methyl Ester ◽

Tractor Engine

This paper describes the effect of a mixture of rapeseed methyl ester and diesel oil on emission production of tractor engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to load the engine of Zetor Forterra 8641 tractor over rear power take-off. The measured tractor is almost new with less than 100 h worked. The measurements were realized for several ratios of diesel oil and rapeseed methyl ester (from pure diesel to pure rapeseed methyl ester). The engine was loaded by the dynamometer in several working points which were predefined by engine speed and its torque. The production of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) and particulate matter (PM) were measured in each of these points. The comparison of different fuels was performed using the Non-Road Steady Cycle (NRSC) test procedure. Engine maps were also created for each emission component and for all of tested fuels.    

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Comparison of Emission Levels of Motor Cars, Motorcycles, and Tricycles Using Petrol Engines in Southwestern Nigeria

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.900.183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 900 ◽

pp. 183-187

Author(s):

Odunlami Olayemi Abosede ◽

Akeredolu Funso Alaba

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Mean Value ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Mean Values ◽

Mobile Sources ◽

Southwest Nigeria ◽

The Mean ◽

European Standards

The emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon from four stroke-powered motorcars and two stroke-powered motorcycles and tricycles in Southwest Nigeria were examined using an automotive 4-gas analyer. Results show that tricycles produced more hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions than motorcycles, while motorcycles emitted more of these pollutants than the gasoline fueled motor cars. (The gasoline fueled motorcars produced lowest hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide while the tricycles produced the highest hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions). On the contrary, motor cars had the highest mean value of carbon dioxide followed by the motorcycles, while tricycles had the least. This could be attributed to the presence of the catalytic converters in some of the motor cars oxidizing carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The mean values of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions from motorcars are 630ppm, 10200ppm and 59900ppm. This is much higher than the NESREA (National Environmental standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency) standards as well as Euro II and Euro III (European standards) for vehicular emission. The mean values for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions from motorcycles and tricycles are (2150ppm, 21530ppm and 31200ppm) and (2820ppm, 24880ppm and 38710ppm) respectively. These results do not comply with Nigeria and European emission standards for hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide. Tricycles and motorcycles account for higher concentrations of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide pollutants from mobile sources, while they emit carbon dioxide minimally.

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Space-time dynamics of carbon stocks and environmental parameters related to carbon dioxide emissions in the Buor-Khaya Bay of the Laptev Sea

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-10-2159-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 2159-2204 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. P. Semiletov ◽

N. E. Shakhova ◽

I. I. Pipko ◽

S. P. Pugach ◽

A. N. Charkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

Data Sets ◽

Atmospheric Emissions ◽

Time Dynamics ◽

Biogeochemical Parameters ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The Laptev Sea

Abstract. This study aims to improve understanding of carbon cycling in the Buor-Khaya Bay (BKB) by studying the inter-annual, seasonal, and meso-scale variability of carbon stocks and related hydrological and biogeochemical parameters in the water, as well as factors controlling carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Here we present data sets obtained on summer cruises and winter expeditions during 12 yr of investigation. Based on data analysis, we suggest that in the heterotrophic BKB area, coastal erosion and river discharge serve as predominant drivers of the organic carbon (OC) cycle, determining OC input and transformation, dynamics of nutrients, carbon stocks in the water column, and atmospheric emissions of CO2.

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The capability of green open space in absorbing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions in Balai Kota Makassar

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/419/1/012169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 419 ◽

pp. 012169

Author(s):

S H Aly ◽

R Zakaria ◽

C F Kondorura

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Open Space

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TERNARY FUEL BLENDS ON AN ASTM-CFR-CETANE ENGINE

Revista de Engenharia Térmica ◽

10.5380/reterm.v13i2.62087 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 09

Author(s):

H. L. Rocha ◽

N. R. Pinto ◽

M. J. Colaço ◽

A. J. K. Leiroz

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Anhydrous Ethanol ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Hydrous Ethanol ◽

The Impact

This work analyses how ternary blends of biodiesel, anhydrous and hydrous ethanol, and diesel, in different proportions, behave regarding fuel emissions and combustion parameters. The determination of their cetane number, using an ASTM-CFR cetane research engine is also investigated. The base fuels used were 99,9% pure anhydrous ethanol, commercial diesel, which contains 5% of biodiesel in volume, biodiesel from soybean oil, and hydrous ethanol with 7% of water, in volume. The fuel blends werespecified after a careful bibliography research. Five volume fractions of biodiesel (5, 10, 20, 60 and 100%, in volume) and four of ethanol (0, 5, 8 and 15%, also in volume) were used in this study. All blends have endured a mixture stability test prior to being burned, the ones with clear visual phase separation being eventually rejected. The results for the cetane number presented a clear decrease in its value as ethanol was added. Some blends with high ethanol content failed to provide the minimum cetane number for use in compression ignition engines according to the present Brazilian regulations. Concerning the emissions tests, carbon dioxide emissions showed a decreasing trend as the quantity of added ethanol raised. Carbon monoxide emissions, however, showed the opposite trend. The nitrogen oxides emissions presented an increase as more biodiesel was added to the blend. The conclusions as to the impact of changing ethanol’s volume in the blends were discussed taking in consideration important operational remarks. A final analysis was proposed in order to compare anhydrous and hydrous ethanol. A clear reduction in nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide emissions was observed, with an almost identical value for the carbon monoxide emissions. Cetane number for the hydrous ethanol blend, however, suffered a decrease compared to the same blend with anhydrous ethanol.

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Effects of biodiesel made from swine and chicken fat residues on carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxide emissions

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association ◽

10.1080/10962247.2017.1279695 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 754-762 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vivian Feddern ◽

Anildo Cunha Junior ◽

Marina C. De Prá ◽

Marcio L. Busi da Silva ◽

Rodrigo da S. Nicoloso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Nitrogen Oxide ◽

Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽

Chicken Fat

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Comparison of Bio-Fischer-Tropsch Fuel and Commercial Diesel Fuel Application in a 1600 CC Euro 5 Diesel Engine

Volume 1: Large Bore Engines; Fuels; Advanced Combustion ◽

10.1115/icef2015-1024 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Claus Suldrup Nielsen ◽

Jesper Schramm ◽

Anders Ivarsson ◽

Azhar Malik ◽

Terese Løvås

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Steady State ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Fischer Tropsch ◽

Operating Range

A direct injected and turbocharged Euro 5 diesel engine has been set up in a test bench where the vehicle driving conditions of the European NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) test can be simulated. The engine is operated as the engine of a corresponding vehicle, equipped with a similar engine and driving through the NEDC cycle. The regulated gaseous emissions, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, as well as particulate numbers and size distributions where measured in 5 selected steady state operating points during the engine test. Fuel consumptions and carbon dioxide emissions where measured as well. The steady state operating conditions were chosen within the engine operating range during a vehicle NEDC test and representing as broad an operating range as possible during the NEDC test. A method is presented in which the NEDC test emissions are calculated from the 5 steady state measurements. It is shown that the method gives emission results that agree well with values that can be expected from the vehicle in question during an NEDC test. In this way a limited number of steady state measurements can be used to simulate vehicle emissions. The reason for carrying out engine experiments instead of vehicle measurements was to obtain well controlled engine conditions and thus better insight in the operation of the engine in the individual phases of operation, and thereby enable evaluation of the possibilities for improving engine performance with respect to emission and fuel consumption reduction. Two different fuels where tested. These were a Fischer-Tropsch fuel, produced from biomass at the Güssing gasification plant in Austria and a commercial diesel from a fuel station in Denmark. The results of the measurements and engine modification considerations showed that bio Fischer-Tropsch fuel does have advantages with respect to particulate and also small advantages with carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions. However, NOx emissions are rather a question of the injection timing of the fuel, and the NOx emissions can be adjusted to give the same level of emissions by changing the injection timing with ordinary diesel. The injection strategy was changed in order to attempt to reduce NOx emissions below the limits in the Euro 6 regulations.

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