scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL FOR THE PARK AND RIDE SYSTEM IN THE MAJOR LITHUANIAN CITIES / SISTEMOS „STATYK IR VAŽIUOK“ PLĖTROS DIDŽIUOSIUOSE LIETUVOS MIESTUOSE MODELIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytautas Palevičius ◽  
Dovilė Lazauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
City Centre ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
External Good ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
The City ◽  
Parking Facilities

Park and Ride (P&R) is the original transport system of public passengers, acting as a traditional supplement of public transport. The system is becoming widely popular in European cities. The central core of this system is composed of parking facilities in the specified parking areas at the approaches to the city with connections to public transport or special buses that allow people reach the city centre. The P&R system is based on a reduction in car density in the city centre as well as on a decrease in traffic noise, air and visual pollution. Furthermore, the P&R system is an economical and time-saving way to travel. This article has been prepared according to structural support provided by the European Union (EU) for the purpose of developing the P&R system in five major Lithuanian cities – Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipeda, Siauliai and Panevezys. Therefore, this paper is aimed at the development and application of the theoretical model of the P&R system to Lithuanian cities according to external good and bad practice. „Statyk ir važiuok“ (toliau – SV) yra originali viešoji keleivių susisiekimo sistema, veikianti kaip tradicinio viešojo transporto (toliau – VT) papildinys. Ši sistema plačiai populiarėja Europos miestuose. Jos esmę sudaro tai, kad lengvasis automobilis paliekamas specialioje automobilių stovėjimo aikštelėje miesto prieigose ir tolesnė kelionė tęsiama VT arba specialiu autobusu. SV sistema orientuota į miesto centro apkrovos lengvaisiais automobiliais mažinimą, ji padeda sumažinti transporto priemonių keliamą triukšmą, oro ir vizualinę taršą mieste, taupo keleivių laiką ir pinigus. Šis straipsnis rengiamas atsižvelgiant į Europos Sąjungos (toliau – ES) struktūrinės paramos periodu numatytą finansavimą, skirtą SV sistemos plėtrai penkiuose didžiausiuose Lietuvos miestuose (Vilniuje, Kaune, Klaipėdoje, Šiauliuose ir Panevėžyje). Todėl šio straipsnio tikslas – sukurti ir pritaikyti SV sistemos teorinį modelį Lietuvos miestams, remiantis gerąja ir blogąja užsienio praktika.

scholarly journals Safety and reliability of the personal bus carriages in integrated municipal system of traffic and public transport management - analysis of literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Paweł Woś ◽  
Jacek Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the city's logistics development strategies and its public transport, especially bus traffic. Statistical analysis of all road transport in the European Union (EU) has been carried out. The most important reasons for the tragic road accidents in Poland have been mixed up. Key elements of active safety and passive safety of buses and road safety were analyzed. Characterized key indicators of road safety in the EU and the probability of bus incidents. The impact on the ecology of the city of road transport was analyzed in terms of the significance of exhaust emissions of various bus designs and emissions of other pollutants.

scholarly journals "Eco-Infill" as an alternative strategy for postindustrial landscape in the light of climate change: The case of Belgrade shipyard

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-341
Author(s):  
Ana Nikezic ◽  
Natasa Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
City Centre ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
Abandoned Spaces ◽  
The City

At this moment, and under the circumstances that surround us, we have recognized as a definite global challenge the problem of climate change, and in general, the ecological misbalance of cities. In an attempt to meet this challenge, we will try to discuss possibilities of implementing the "Eco-Infill" strategy (fragments of nature incorporated into abandoned artificial environment) as a viable, somewhat ?alternative?, urban development strategy. The contemporary matrix of the post-industrial urban landscape is dotted with large and small fragments of abandoned spaces, which need to be incorporated into the city texture. Belgrade is a city with a potential, one of the larger capitals of the region, standing on the threshold of the European Union and undergoing an intensive process of political, economic and social transition. Similar to other large cities, it was previously an industrial city, but is now increasingly relying on the tertiary sector, promoting itself through its geographical, morphological, and cultural advantages. The consequences of privatization during transition and an exceptionally long and difficult political and economic crisis produced Brownfield and other abandoned spaces of the city centre with a complicated proprietary-ownership status, and no realistic guidelines for a much needed regeneration of the city centre in terms of contemporary problems linked to ecological, social and cultural values. In this article, there is a tendency to define principles on which the transformation of these abandoned places is based on and to try to apply these strategies onto the Belgrade shipyard on the river Sava. If we accept the previously set general views, these spaces can become crucial in developing a strategy for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Although these effects are primarily aimed at confronting climate change, they are bound to upgrade the quality of life and offer new life styles, potentially affecting all aspects of urban life, considering that most of the eco-infill we are talking about consists of active public space.

scholarly journals The Use of a Park and Ride System—A Case Study Based on the City of Cracow (Poland)

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Macioszek ◽  
Agata Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
City Center ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
System A ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

The park and ride (P&R) parking type is usually located near peripheral public transport stops. These parking places are dedicated to people who, after leaving their vehicle in the parking, continue their journey to the city center using some form of public transport such as bus, metro, rail or tram systems. This article aims to examine the features associated with P&R parking locations in use in Cracow (Poland). The analysis included the number of entries and exits to and from parking during particular periods of the day, week and year, parking time of vehicles, and parking space use. A parking peak hour factor was also calculated, which expresses the crowding degree of vehicle entries/exits in/out parking during a particular period. In addition, the paper presents an analysis of factors determining users to P&R parking use. In the modeling process, logit models were used, which, as stated after analyzing the literature on the subject, were already used in various countries around the world to describe the behavior of P&R parking users. However, so far, such research relating to Polish conditions has been not published in the available literature. The obtained results allowed to state that the most important factors determining the likelihood of using P&R parking in Cracow are age, number of years having a driving license, monthly income (gross), and an average number of trips made during a day. Other variables, which not included in the study, can influence the P&R parking use. However, the presented results are the basis for conducting furtherer, more in-depth analyses based on a larger number of independent variables that may determine the P&R parking use.

scholarly journals Design for Smart Transport: An Integrated Multi-Modal Transport Interchange in Central Christchurch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joey Moh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organisational Form ◽  
The City

<p>Transportation, an essential component of modern life, is responsible for one of the biggest growth  areas of our greenhouse gas emissions which causes problem for our environment and the economy. New  Zealand cities face the same issues as many other cities in the globalised world. This thesis  analyses the integration of all the public transport systems to encourage people to get out of the  car and reduce the traffic volume within the city centre to develop with the aim of developing a  sustainable city towards the future. Drivers in New Zealand believe commuter stress could be  significantly reduced by improving public transport. The design calls for a new central transport  interchange for all the public transport systems within Christchurch city to form a spectacular  gateway to the city. The aim of the design is to create a unified urban structure in which diverse  infrastructural and public elements merge together to form one building. The outcome of this research identifies a strong future for a public transport interchange, but  states that its physical and organisational form needs to be re-established. It finds that  technology and architecture offer new opportunities useful for reinterpreting the typology. The  thesis concludes that future public transport interchanges will become hybrids of activity, and  places where the threads of urban life are joined together. The interchanges can become a major  catalyst of urban regeneration - a focus for commerce and the flow of ideas as well as the movement of people.</p>

scholarly journals Breasts and the City: An Urban Ethnography of Infant Feeding in Public Spaces within Cardiff, United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee Grant
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Large City ◽  
Department Store ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Breastfeeding In Public ◽  
Urban City ◽  
The City

Abstract Background: Internationally, women report challenges breastfeeding in public spaces. This study aimed to investigate the social-spatial aspects of public spaces in one UK city, Cardiff, in order to suggest possible barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding in public spaces.Methods: The study observation location guide prioritised places that had been reported as hostile to breastfeeding or breastfeeding friendly in the existing literature. Data were collected at various times of day, in several areas of the city, and included transport (n=4), transport hubs (n=3), high streets (n=4), cafes (n=2), a large city centre shopping complex, comprising of three joined shopping centres and a large city centre department store (containing a third café). Low inference field notes were written on an encrypted smart phone and expanded soon after. Data were analysed thematically using deductive codes based on the observation schedule. Additional inductive codes relating to places were added.Results: Overall, public transport and the city centre were inhospitable environments for those who might need to breastfeed, and even more so for those who need to express breastmilk. The core barriers and facilitators running through the data appeared to be the availability of appropriate seating coupled with either high privacy or civil inattention. The one variation to this model arose from the department store café, where civil inattention was not performed and there was low privacy, but breastfeeding occurred anyway. Conclusions: This research highlights the physical and social barriers to breastfeeding within one urban city centre in the UK and its associated transport links. It is clear that there is an urgent need for change in urban city centres and public transport if countries are to meet their aims in relation to increasing breastfeeding rates. Interventions will need to be multifaceted, accounting for social norms relating to infant feeding as well as changes to the physical environment, policy and potentially legal change. Further research should be undertaken in other countries to examine the extent to which hostile environments exist, and if correcting these could facilitate breastfeeding and reduce gender based violence.

scholarly journals Breasts and the city: an urban ethnography of infant feeding in public spaces within Cardiff, United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee Grant
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Large City ◽  
Department Store ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Breastfeeding In Public ◽  
Urban City ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Internationally, women report challenges breastfeeding in public spaces. This study aimed to investigate the social-spatial aspects of public spaces in one UK city, Cardiff, in order to suggest possible barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding in public spaces. Methods The study observation location guide prioritised places that had been reported as hostile to breastfeeding or breastfeeding friendly in the existing literature. Data were collected between April and September 2018 at various times of day, in several areas of the city, and included transport (n = 4), transport hubs (n = 3), high streets (n = 4), cafes (n = 2), a large city centre shopping complex, comprising of three joined shopping malls and a large city centre department store containing a third café. Low inference field notes were written on an encrypted smart phone and expanded soon after. Data were analysed thematically using deductive codes based on the observation schedule. Additional inductive codes relating to places were added. Results Overall, public transport and the city centre were inhospitable environments for those who might need to breastfeed, and even more so for those who need to express breastmilk. The core barriers and facilitators across locations were the availability of appropriate seating coupled with either high privacy or politely unimposing strangers (civil inattention). The one variation to this model arose from the department store café, where civil inattention was not performed and there was low privacy, but breastfeeding occurred anyway. Conclusions This research highlights the physical and social barriers to breastfeeding within one urban city centre in the UK and its associated transport links. It is clear that there is an urgent need for change in urban city centres and public transport if countries are to meet their aims in relation to increasing breastfeeding rates. Interventions will need to be multifaceted, accounting for social norms relating to infant feeding as well as changes to the physical environment, policy and potentially legal change. Further research should be undertaken in other countries to examine the extent to which hostile environments exist, and if correcting these could facilitate breastfeeding and reduce gender-based violence.

scholarly journals Analysis of Passenger Flows Served by Bus Routes in the city of Khujand

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
R. S. Salomzoda ◽  
M. M. Boboev
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Passenger Flows ◽  
The City

The study considered the role of passenger road transport as one of the most important sectors of the national economy, which influences the entire economy of a country and its regions, as well as the quality of life of the population.The analysis of the transport system in the city of Khujand, which is mainly dominated by road transport, has been carried out based on the results of the conducted survey on passenger flows on bus routes of the city, particularly, regarding origin-destination matrix, fare collectability.The conclusions argue in favour of practicability of conducting regular systematic monitoring of passenger flows to optimize suggestions in the field of urban public transport development. In fundamental terms, main problems of passenger transportation management were identified including lack of a regular timetable on certain routes, non-compliance with the traffic schedule, resulting in an increase in travel time, changes in routing due to the absence of sufficient number of passengers, systematic violations of traffic rules, excessively long stops at the hub stopping points, etc. The suggestions comprise approaches intended to reduce influence of organisational and managerial factors on efficiency of passenger transportation, on the correct choice of rolling stock, that should be selected considering design features, possibility of serving all segments of the population (categories of passengers), traffic intensity, manoeuvrability, compliance with road conditions, etc. Conclusions were also made regarding techniques to justify the volume of passenger transportation, to identify average distance of passenger’s trip, to calculate technical, operational, and quality indicators of operation of public transport, distribution of passengers per routes.The analysis of the structure of passenger flows since it influences the indicators of the effectiveness of passenger transportation, plays the most significant role in the framework of development of new approaches to the solution of transport issues in the city of Khujand.Implementation of full-scale monitoring of passenger flows will make it possible to develop appropriate timetables facilitating movement of passenger flows on routes, to select a rational type of rolling stock in terms of capacity, will contribute to time-saving passenger travelling, socialisation of transport tariffs, and improved quality of transportation.

scholarly journals Choice Modelling of a Car Traveler towards Park-and-Ride Services in Putrajaya to Create Green Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7869
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmed Memon ◽  
Noman Sahito ◽  
Saima Kalwar ◽  
Jinsoo Hwang ◽  
Madzlan Napiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Choice Modelling ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The City

Putrajaya is facing an increasing number of private car ownership and its usage. Integrated transportation infrastructure connecting the city with suburban areas and comparatively low-cost housing schemes are at the fringes of Putrajaya City. It creates a discrepancy between housing and employment attentiveness. Due to the attractiveness of jobs in the city centre, commuters’ travelling pattern is morning/evening peak hours, and it leads to traffic congestion on a few major artilleries leading to and from the city. In contrast, Putrajaya was designed to achieve a 70:30 modal split ratio. This policy was introduced to target 70% of the commuters towards a sustainable mode of transport as their mode choice. Currently, congestion in Putrajaya is due to the use of single-occupant vehicles (SOV). The SOV users cannot be convinced to use the park-and-ride services (P&RS) without understanding their travel behaviors. Therefore, the mode choice models (MCM) were developed through binary logit regression (BLR) approaches to determine the factors that influence the SOV travelers’ decisions to adopt the P&RS. As a result, several factors, which included the socio-demographic factors, travel time, travel expenses, environmental protection, avoiding stress, parking problems, vehicles sharing, and traveling directly, were found to be significant and will promote green development. Furthermore, the quality of the developed mode choice model was validated through the training and testing approach of logistic regression. Ultimately, this study can help stakeholders to encourage SOV users towards P&RS by overcoming these factors.

Safety and Shopping: Peripherality and Shopper Anxiety in the City Centre

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Thomas ◽  
R D F Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Consumer Surveys ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The City ◽  
Parking Facilities ◽  
City Centres

The anxieties and fears of shoppers in the traditional shopping centres of Britain have emerged as an important aspect of the process of retail decline. Central and local government, and commercial interests in the retail sector, have responded to this challenge with the introduction of enhanced security and improved design and management strategies to combat the growing problem. However, policy initiatives have not been firmly based on the perceptions of shoppers. The authors seek to redress this imbalance by analysing consumer surveys undertaken in Cardiff and Swansea to examine the scale and nature of shopper anxieties. Although anxieties had not yet reached crisis levels, considerable causes for concern were identified which related to environmental deterioration, incidents of antisocial behaviour, and fears for the safety of shoppers' cars. Peripherality and isolation were particularly associated with the generation of fears in a variety of situations on the streets, in car parks, and in transport termini. Conversely, the advantages of a compact city centre, and improvements to the shopping environment and car parking facilities all served to reduce shoppers' anxieties and to maximise the attractions of city-centre shopping. The authors conclude that the investigation of strategies designed to maintain a safe shopping environment in British city centres warrants continued attention.

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