scholarly journals Modeling the Hα Emission Surrounding Spica Using the Lyman Continuum from a Gravity-darkened Central Star

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Jason P. Aufdenberg ◽  
Joseph M. Hammill
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Central Star ◽  
Model Atmosphere ◽  
Stellar Atmosphere ◽  
Primary Star ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Lyman Continuum ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Hα Emission ◽  
Star Binary

Abstract The large, faint Hα emission surrounding the early B-star binary Spica has been used to constrain the total hydrogen recombination rate of the nebula and indirectly probe the Lyman continuum luminosity of the primary star. Early analysis suggested that a stellar atmosphere model, consistent with Spica A’s spectral type, has a Lyman continuum luminosity about two times lower than required to account for the measured Hα surface brightness within the nebula. To more consistently model both the stellar and nebular emission, we have used a model atmosphere for Spica A that includes the effects of gravity darkening as input to photoionization models to produce synthetic Hα surface brightness distributions for comparison to data from the Southern Hα Sky Survey Atlas. This paper presents a method for the computation of projected surface brightness profiles from 1D volume emissivity models and constrains both stellar and nebular parameters. A mean effective temperature for Spica A of ≃24,800 K is sufficient to match both the observed absolute spectrophotometry, from the far-UV to the near-IR, and radial Hα surface brightness distributions. Model hydrogen densities increase with the distance from the star, more steeply and linearly toward the southeast. The northwest matter-bounded portion of the nebula is predicted to leak ∼17% of Lyman continuum photons. Model H ii region column densities are consistent with archival observations along the line of sight.

scholarly journals A New PG 1159-Type Central Star Discovered in the ROSAT XRT All Sky Survey: Non-LTE Analysis of X-Ray and Optical Spectra

1993 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 496-496
Author(s):  
K. Werner ◽  
C. Motch ◽  
M. Pakull
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Central Star ◽  
Model Atmosphere ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
Low Gravity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Optical Wavelengths

We report on the discovery of a new PG 1159 star in the ROSAT XRT all sky survey and give results of a model atmosphere analysis. The X-ray source RX J2117.1+3412 is relatively faint (0.33 cnts−1) and extremely soft. Ground based optical follow-up spectroscopy (OHP, France) proofs its PG 1159 nature: It belongs to the “low gravity emission” spectral subtype. Optically, it is the second brightest PG1159 star. CCD [O III] imagery reveals that the star is surrounded by an old arc-shaped planetary nebula of faint surface brightness. The spectral analysis of the central star was performed with non-LTE line blanketed model atmospheres (Werner 1992). We find a complete agreement between the atmospheric parameters determined at optical wavelengths and in the ROSAT PSPC energy range.

scholarly journals Self-Consistent Photoionization Models of Planetary Nebulae Luminescence

1993 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 187-187
Author(s):  
V.V. Golovaty ◽  
F Malkov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Planetary Nebulae ◽  
Central Star ◽  
Model Atmosphere ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Lyman Continuum ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Spectral Ranges ◽  
Photoionization Model ◽  
The Continuum

The modern self-consistent photoionization model of planetary nebula luminescence is described. All of the processes which play an important role in the ionization and thermal equilibrium of the nebular gas are taken into consideration. The diffuse ionizing radiation is taken into account completely. The construction of the model is carried out for the radial distribution of gas density in the nebular envelope which is consistent with isophotal map of the nebula. The application of the model is illustrated on the example of the planetary nebulae BD+30°3639 and NGC 7293. For each nebula, the intensities of the emission lines of ten basic chemical elements in the UV, optical and IR spectral ranges are calculated and matched with observational data. Both the chemical composition of the nebular gas and the continuum of the central star at the wavelengths ≤912Å are determined during the process of model calculation. It is shown that the continuum of the central star at ≤912Å does not correspond to the blackbody spectrum but agrees with the spectrum of the corresponding non-LTE model atmosphere. The radial distributions of electron density, electron temperature and other parameters in the nebular envelopes are found. The optical thickness of the nebulae in the Lyman continuum is derived.

scholarly journals PFP 1: A Large Planetary Nebula Caught in the First Stages of ISM Interaction

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Pierce ◽  
David J. Frew ◽  
Quentin A. Parker ◽  
Joachim Köppen
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Planetary Nebula ◽  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Central Star ◽  
The North ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Solar Composition ◽  
Low Surface Brightness ◽  
Imaging And Spectroscopy ◽  
Highly Evolved

AbstractThis paper presents (Hα + [Nii]) imaging and spectroscopy of a previously unknown, highly evolved planetary nebula of low excitation which is in the first stages of an interaction with the interstellar medium (ISM). It was discovered serendipitously from AAO/UKST Hα Survey images as part of a project to exploit the survey data and has evaded detection by previous surveys due to its very low surface brightness. It is a remarkable hollow-sphere planetary nebula, some 19´ across, making it one of the largest examples of its type. We estimate a radius of 1.5 pc and a distance of 550 pc as derived from a new Hα surface brightness–radius relation. PFP 1 has near-perfect circular symmetry, broken only at the north-western edge which is coupled with significantly increased (Hα + [Nii]) intensity, both of which provide evidence for an interaction with the ISM. We find a near solar composition for this object with possibly enhanced He and N abundances. A blue central star candidate has been identified from the SuperCosmos Sky Survey data.

Surface Brightness Scale of Galactic Cepheids

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 561-562
Author(s):  
G. P. Di Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Giant Stars ◽  
Near Ir

An accurate calibration of the surface brightness scaleSVas a function of the near-IR color (V–K) has been recently measured for non-variable Galactic dwarf and giant stars. It can be shown that this correlation can be applied to theSVscale of Galactic Cepheid variable stars, which are of major cosmological interest.

scholarly journals Characterization of low-mass companion HD 142527 B

2018 ◽  
Vol 617 ◽  
pp. A37 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Christiaens ◽  
S. Casassus ◽  
O. Absil ◽  
S. Kimeswenger ◽  
C. A. Gomez Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Star ◽  
Primary Star ◽  
Dust Trap ◽  
Stellar Radius ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
T Tauri ◽  
Annular Gap ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
Low Mass

Context. The circumstellar disk of the Herbig Fe star HD 142527 is host to several remarkable features including a warped inner disk, a 120 au-wide annular gap, a prominent dust trap and several spiral arms. A low-mass companion, HD 142527 B, was also found orbiting the primary star at ~14 au. Aims. This study aims to better characterize this companion, which could help explain its impact on the peculiar geometry of the disk. Method. We observed the source with VLT/SINFONI in H + K band in pupil-tracking mode. Data were post-processed with several algorithms based on angular differential imaging (ADI). Results. HD 142527 B is conspicuously re-detected in most spectral channels, which enables us to extract the first medium-resolution spectrum of a low-mass companion within 0.″1 from its central star. Fitting our spectrum with both template and synthetic spectra suggests that the companion is a young M2.5 ± 1.0 star with an effective temperature of 3500 ± 100 K, possibly surrounded with a hot (1700 K) circum-secondary environment. Pre-main sequence evolutionary tracks provide a mass estimate of 0.34 ± 0.06 M⊙, independent of the presence of a hot environment. However, the estimated stellar radius and age do depend on that assumption; we find a radius of 1.37 ± 0.05 R⊙ (resp. 1.96 ± 0.10 R⊙) and an age of 1.8-0.5+1.2 Myr (resp. 0.75 ± 0.25 Myr) in the case of the presence (resp. absence) of a hot environment contributing in H + K. Our new values for the mass and radius of the companion yield a mass accretion rate of 4.1–5.8 × 10−9 M⊙ yr−1 (2–3% that of the primary). Conclusions. We have constrained the physical properties of HD 142527 B, thereby illustrating the potential for SINFONI+ADI to characterize faint close-in companions. The new spectral type makes HD 142527 B a twin of the well-known TW Hya T Tauri star, and the revision of its mass to higher values further supports its role in shaping the disk.

scholarly journals Detection of Hα Emission on High Velocity 21 cm Clouds

1990 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Guido Münch ◽  
Eckhart Pitz
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Galactic Latitude ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
High Galactic Latitude ◽  
Continuum Intensity ◽  
Lyman Continuum ◽  
Local Standard ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Hα Emission ◽  
Local Standard Of Rest

The measurement of Hα emission on two high galactic latitude clouds known to emit 21 cm lines with local standard of rest (LSR) velocities of −50 and −85 km s−1 is reported. The Hα lines have been found nearly at the velocities of the 21 CM features and have emission rates of 0.2 Rayleigh. The diffuse Lyman continuum intensity required to produce HI ionization at the measured rate is in agreement with the direct measurements made with the ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer of the Voyager 2 spacecraft.

scholarly journals Surface Photometry of Spiral Galaxy NGC 5005 and Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4278

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-323
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Spiral Galaxy ◽  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Elliptical Galaxy ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Sloan Digital Sky Survey ◽  
Surface Photometry ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Flat Field ◽  
The Galaxy

Two galaxies have been chosen, spiral galaxy NGC 5005 and elliptical galaxy NGC 4278 to study their photometric properties by using surface photometric techniques with griz-Filters. Observations are obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The data reduction of all images have done, like bias and flat field, by SDSS pipeline. The overall structure of the two galaxies (a bulge, a disk), together with isophotal contour maps, surface brightness profiles and a bulge/disk decomposition of the galaxy images were performed, although the disk position angle, ellipticity and inclination of the galaxies have been estimated.

scholarly journals The Optical/Near-IR Colours of Red Quasars

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Francis ◽  
Matthew T. Whiting ◽  
Rachel L. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Sloan Digital Sky Survey ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Spectral Energy Distributions ◽  
Energy Distributions ◽  
Red Power ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Ir Photometry

AbstractWe present quasi-simultaneous multi-colour optical/near-IR photometry for 157 radio selected quasars, forming an unbiassed sub-sample of the Parkes Flat-Spectrum Sample. Data are also presented for 12 optically selected QSOs, drawn from the Large Bright QSO Survey. The spectral energy distributions of the radio- and optically-selected sources are quite different. The optically selected QSOs are all very similar: they have blue spectral energy distributions curving downwards at shorter wavelengths. Roughly 90% of the radio-selected quasars have roughly power-law spectral energy distributions, with slopes ranging from Fv∝v0 to Fv∝v−2. The remaining 10% have spectral energy distributions showing sharp peaks: these are radio galaxies and highly reddened quasars. Four radio sources were not detected down to magnitude limits of H ∼ 19·6. These are probably high redshift (z > 3) galaxies or quasars. We show that the colours of our red quasars lie close to the stellar locus in the optical: they will be hard to identify in surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. If near-IR photometry is added, however, the red power-law sources can be clearly separated from the stellar locus: IR surveys such as 2MASS should be capable of finding these sources on the basis of their excess flux in the K-band.

scholarly journals The Binary-Star Hypothesis for the Nucleus of NGC 1514

1968 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kohoutek
Keyword(s):  
Binary Star ◽  
Central Star ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Type Spectrum ◽  
Ubv Photometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Central Stars

It is well known that the central star of the planetary nebula NGC 1514 (α50 = 4h06m.1, δ50 = +30°39'; lII= 165·5, bII = −15·3) differs from the other planetary nuclei by its high brightness (relative to the nebula) and late-type spectrum. The difference B∗ – Bn = 1m.9, and especially the A0-spectral type (Chopinet, 1963) are quite atypical for central stars. For these reasons we began a complex study of this object (Kohoutek, 1967; Kohoutek and Hekela, 1967) on the basis of the following sources of observational material: (1)Palomar Sky-Survey prints (Schmidt-camera, Palomar Observatory);(2)direct photographs in UBV system with the 2-m Schmidt-camera in Tautenburg (1962);(3)photoelectric UBV photometry with the 65-cm reflector at Ondřejov (1964–65),(4)(4) spectrograms of the central star using the 122-cm reflector in Asiago (1965), and relatively infrequent observational data from the older literature.

scholarly journals The Ionization of Planetary Nebulae

1968 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 190-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Emission Line ◽  
Radiation Field ◽  
Planetary Nebulae ◽  
Model Atmosphere ◽  
Evolutionary Sequence ◽  
Lyman Continuum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Central Stars

The ionization of the most abundant elements in planetary nebulae has been determined for a number of models of nebulae at different epochs in their expansion. The values used for the temperatures and radii of the central stars and the sizes and densities of the shells have come from Seaton's evolutionary sequence. The ionizing radiation field has been taken from model atmosphere calculations of the central stars by Gebbie and Seaton, and Böhm and Deinzer. Emission-line fluxes have been calculated for the models and compared with observations of planetary nebulae by O'Dell, Osterbrock's group, and Aller and his collaborators. Results indicate that the central stars have strong He+ Lyman continuum excesses, similar to those predicted by Gebbie and Seaton. The mean abundance determinations for the nebulae made by Aller are confirmed, with the exception of nitrogen, which appears to be 3 or 4 times more abundant than his value. It is also seen that the electron temperatures of the nebulae are higher than previous theoretical determinations, providing better agreement with empirically derived values.

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