scholarly journals Renal echinococcosis; the parasite, host immune response, diagnosis and management

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
pp. 420-427
Author(s):  
Hossein Yousofi Darani ◽  
Rasool Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Immunodiagnostic Tests ◽  
Echinococcus Spp

Renal echinococcosis is a rare parasite-caused disease of humans and animals; it makes up about 4% of confirmed cases of cystic echinococcosis. It is a zoonotic disease that occurs in the intermediate hosts harboring the larval stage, the hydatid cyst, of Echinococcus spp. The renal involvement is often asymptomatic or with unspecific signs. Its diagnosis is mostly based on imaging technique. Immunodiagnostic tests are not applicable. Furthermore, because the disease is not common, our knowledge about its different aspects is scarce. In this review, the parasite, host immune response, diagnosis, and management of renal echinococcosis are described.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte Populations in the Adventitial Layer of Hydatid Cysts in Cattle: Relationship With Cyst Fertility Status and Fasciola Hepatica Co-Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Jiménez ◽  
Caroll Stoore ◽  
Christian Hidalgo ◽  
Felipe Corrêa ◽  
Marcela Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Adventitial Layer

Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. Two types of hydatid cysts occur in intermediate hosts: fertile cysts that generate protoscoleces from the germinal layer of the cyst, and infertile cysts that do not produce protoscoleces and are unable to continue the life cycle of the parasite. The adventitial layer, a host-derived fibrous capsule surrounding the hydatid cyst, is suggested to play an important role in local immune regulation during infection and in fertility of the cysts. Fasciola hepatica, another important parasite of cattle, induces a characteristic Th2-like immune response that could modulate the immune response against E. granulosus. Natural co-infection of both parasites is common in cattle, but no reports describe the local immune response against E. granulosus with F. hepatica infection in the same host. This study analyzed the number and distribution of T and B cells in the adventitial layer of liver and lung cysts and the relationship with cyst fertility and F. hepatica co-infection. T lymphocytes were the predominant cell type in the adventitial layer of infertile hydatid cysts and were more numerous in infertile hydatid cysts. B lymphocyte numbers were not associated with hydatid cyst fertility. Mast cells were infrequent in the adventitial layer. The number of T and B cells was not associated with F. hepatica co-infection. The present study contributes to the understanding of local immune responses in bovine cystic echinococcosis.

The intermediate host immune response in cystic echinococcosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tamarozzi ◽  
M. Mariconti ◽  
A. Neumayr ◽  
E. Brunetti
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Host Immune Response

scholarly journals HYDATID CYST WITH FOCUS ON MANIFESTATIONS, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT: REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
KANAAN AL-TAMEEMI ◽  
RAIAAN KABAKLI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Diagnosis And Management

Hydatids or cystic echinococcosis results from being infected with Echinococcus granulosus that found in dogs as definitive hosts and humans, sheep, goats, and pigs as intermediate hosts, mainly prevailing in regions with animal husbandry. Echinococcosis is a public health concern, especially in developing regions; this is due to the medical and economic harm to humans and the inefficiency of treatment and the difficulties of diagnosis in the early stages of infection. Our review summarizes the historical backgrounds of Echinococcus, together with the biological and epidemiological aspects of parasite, in addition to diagnosis and treatment ways.

scholarly journals Human Norovirus Proteins: Implications in the Replicative Cycle, Pathogenesis, and the Host Immune Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia P. Campillay-Véliz ◽  
Jonatan J. Carvajal ◽  
Andrea M. Avellaneda ◽  
Darling Escobar ◽  
Camila Covián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Replicative Cycle

scholarly journals H-Ras gene takes part to the host immune response to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Sciacchitano ◽  
Andrea Sacconi ◽  
Claudia De Vitis ◽  
Giovanni Blandino ◽  
Giulia Piaggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Ras Gene ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Ras Genes

AbstractRas gene family members play a relevant role in cancer, especially when they are mutated. However, they may play additional roles in other conditions beside cancer. We performed gene expression analysis using the NanoString PanCancer IO 360 panel in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of six COVID-19 patients and we found that H-Ras gene was significantly upregulated, while both K-Ras and N-Ras genes were downregulated. In particular, H-Ras gene upregulation was more evident in COVID-19 patients with a more severe disease. We compared our results with those obtained by analyzing two different and independent datasets, including a total of 53 COVID-19 patients, in which the gene expression analysis was performed using the Immunology_V2 panel. Comparative analysis of the H-Ras gene expression in these patients confirmed our preliminary results. In both of them, in fact, we were able to confirm the upregulation of the expression of the H-Ras gene. The exact role of this specific upregulation of the H-Ras gene in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its possible role in cancer still remains to be elucidated. In conclusion, H-Ras gene participates to the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, especially in patients affected by the most severe form of the COVID-19.

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