scholarly journals Pediatric invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae serogroup A in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: case series

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (05) ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zailaie Roaa ◽  
Alawfi Abdulsalam ◽  
Ghazi Shahid ◽  
Baba Kamaldeen ◽  
Al Fawaz Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Serotype A ◽  
First Case

We describe the first two cases of invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae serotype A in Saudi Arabia. This is the first known reported invasive Haemophilus influenzae serotype A from Saudi Arabia. Case presentation: A ten-month-old and three-month-old male not known to have any past history of any medical illness and who had received H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine presented to our hospital mainly with fever of few days’ duration. A provisional diagnosis of meningitis with sepsis was made and laboratory tests were requested. The chest radiograph was normal. The laboratory results revealed leukocytosis, but leukopenia was noticed in the younger infant. Blood culture and cerebrospinal fluid specimens yielded a pure culture of Haemophilus influenzae and serotyping showed the isolates to be serogroup A. Both patients were started on vancomycin and third-generation cephalosporin. On receiving the blood culture result, vancomycin was stopped. Fever subsided after 48 hours, while in the second case, it continued for 12 days from the admission date. The repeat blood cultures were negative. Antibiotic therapy was given for 10 days for the first case with an unremarkable hospital course, while the second case was complicated by seizure and received a longer duration of antibiotics. Both infants were discharged home in good condition. Conclusions: Invasive non-typeable H. influenzae strains are emerging and there is a need for surveillance of this disease. This has implications in future vaccine development.

scholarly journals Presence of Antibodies Against Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a in Alaska Before and After the Emergence of Invasive Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max McClure ◽  
Karen Miernyk ◽  
Dana Bruden ◽  
Karen Rudolph ◽  
Thomas W Hennessy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serotype A ◽  
First Case ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Haemophilus influenzae bacteria can cause asymptomatic carriage and invasive disease. Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) is an emerging cause of invasive disease in Alaska, with greatest burden occurring among rural Alaska Native (AN) children. The first case of invasive Hia (iHia) in Alaska was reported in 2002; however, it is unclear how long the pathogen has been in Alaska. Methods We quantified immunoglobulin G antibodies against Hia (anti-Hia) in 839 banked serum samples from Alaska residents, comparing antibody concentrations in samples drawn in the decades before (1980s and 1990s) and after (2000s) the emergence of iHia. We also assessed serum antibody concentration by age group, region of residence, and race. Results The anti-Hia was >0.1 µg/mL in 88.1% (348 of 395) and 91.0% (404 of 444) of samples from the decades prior and after the emergence of Hia, respectively (P = .17). No significant differences in antibody levels were detected between people from rural and urban regions (1.55 vs 2.08 µg/mL, P = .91 for age ≥5) or between AN and non-AN people (2.50 vs 2.60 µg/mL, P = .26). Conclusions Our results are consistent with widespread Hia exposure in Alaska predating the first iHia case. No difference in Hia antibody prevalence was detected between populations with differing levels of invasive disease.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a Disease—United States, 2008–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi M Soeters ◽  
Sara E Oliver ◽  
Ian D Plumb ◽  
Amy E Blain ◽  
Tammy Zulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Serotype A

Abstract Background Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) can cause invasive disease similar to serotype b; no Hia vaccine is available. We describe the epidemiology of invasive Hia disease in the United States overall and specifically in Alaska during 2008–2017. Methods Active population- and laboratory-based surveillance for invasive Hia disease was conducted through Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites and from Alaska statewide invasive bacterial disease surveillance. Sterile-site isolates were serotyped via slide agglutination or real-time polymerase chain reaction. Incidences in cases per 100 000 were calculated. Results From 2008 to 2017, an estimated average of 306 invasive Hia disease cases occurred annually in the United States (estimated annual incidence: 0.10); incidence increased by an average of 11.1% annually. Overall, 42.7% of cases were in children aged <5 years (incidence: 0.64), with highest incidence among children aged <1 year (1.60). Case fatality was 7.8% overall and was highest among adults aged ≥65 years (15.1%). Among children aged <5 years, the incidence was 17 times higher among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children (8.29) than among children of all other races combined (0.49). In Alaska, incidences among all ages (0.68) and among children aged <1 year (24.73) were nearly 6 and 14 times higher, respectively, than corresponding US incidences. Case fatality in Alaska was 10.2%, and the vast majority (93.9%) of cases occurred among AI/AN. Conclusions Incidence of invasive Hia disease has increased since 2008, with the highest burden among AI/AN children. These data can inform prevention strategies, including Hia vaccine development.

scholarly journals First Complete Genome Sequence of Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Iskander ◽  
Kristy Hayden ◽  
Gary Van Domselaar ◽  
Raymond Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serotype A

ABSTRACT Haemophilus influenzae is an important human pathogen that primarily infects small children. In recent years, H. influenzae serotype a has emerged as a significant cause of invasive disease among indigenous populations. Here, we present the first complete whole-genome sequence of H. influenzae serotype a.

scholarly journals Management Comprehensive Multidisciplinary of Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors and Feto - Maternal Outcome: A Case Series Report and Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1174-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lany Christina Prajawati Ni Luh ◽  
I Nyoman Bayu Mahendra ◽  
Ketut Suwiyoga ◽  
ING Budiana ◽  
IGP Mayun Mayura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
First Case

BACKGROUND: Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors (MOGCT) most commonly occur in young women in the reproductive age group. Timely antenatal diagnosis and treatment of the tumour to enhance maternal and perinatal outcomes are the main challenges confronting the obstetrician and the gyne-oncologist. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we present three cases of pregnancy complicated with MOGCTs. The first case (immature teratoma) was complicated by maternal psychological symptoms consistent with stress and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure (POF). The second case (dysgerminoma) preterm labour occurred as an obstetric complication, but the baby was born in good condition without IUGR. The third case (yolk sac tumour) treated with docetaxel (brexel)-carboplatin chemotherapy administration there was no maternal or fetal complication. At the end of the pregnancy and delivery, complete surgical staging and cytoreduction were performed, and no metastases were found. CONCLUSION: Optimal management strategies centre on a multi-disciplinary comprehensive team approach is critical resulting in better outcomes for the mother and the baby by avoiding complications.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review through the Lens of 9-Month-based Knowledge and Brief Snapshots of 10 Cases and Five Family Units, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-47
Author(s):  
Naseem Akhtar Qureshi ◽  
Abdulhameed Abdullah Al- Habeeb
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has questioning origin in Wuhan, an industrial city of China. The novel coronavirus 2 (NCV2) was first identified in December 2019, and World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a global public health emergency on 30 January 2020, officially named it as COVID-19 on February 11 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. COVID-19 causes physical and mental health problems of variable severity and outcomes among people around the world. Objective: This study has two aims;1) to conduct a scoping review of COVID-19’s epidemiological trend, clinical manifestations, therapeutics, diagnosis, and progress on vaccine development; and 2) to describe a case series of ten consultees’ and conveniently selected five family units’ mental and physical health effects of COVID-19 over the past 9 months, December to August 31, 2020. Methods: We used keywords and Boolean Operators for conducting electronic searches of published literature in three largest databases on COVID-19 and regularly received notifications from COVID-19 resource centers, scientific journals, international and national research and economic institutions, and various websites, which helped to retain 82 articles after iterative screening for this review. In addition, 10 cases and the heads of 5 family units were interviewed virtually for assessing the mental and physical health of all family members affected by COVID-19. Results: COVID-19 pandemic presents with variable clinical manifestations and outcomes attributable to the persons’ immune system, age and gender, physical and mental comorbidities, and adversely affects the biopsychosocial, cultural and economic fabrics of the world population. Basic preventive precautions and nonspecific drug interventions against COVID-19 are relatively effective with inconstant morbidity and mortality, and vaccine development researches (phase I-III) are in progress around the world. All persons in case series, not corona positive except one, presented with mental and physical health problems of wider nature that required integrated treatment interventions while majority of family unit members were less affected mentally or physically by COVID-19 and improved with preventive precautions. Conclusion: COVID-19 is highly virulent disease linked with variable mental health problems, greater morbidity and mortality, severe strains on healthcare organizations and economic downturn around the world. Despite difficult access to services, overall our case series and family members showed good outcome. Information concerning COVID-19 is continuously evolving and, hence, further scoping reviews, randomized clinical trials and surveys concerning its several perspectives are needed in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere in the Gulf countries.

scholarly journals Septic arthritis and hemarthroses caused by Haemophilus influenzae serotype A in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi S. Samraj ◽  
Jaime Fergie
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Serotype A ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Tract Infections

Invasive disease caused by <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> serotype A (Hia) is rare in children. Clinical syndromes caused by Hia include meningitis, sepsis and respiratory tract infections. Septic arthritis is rare in children with invasive Hia infection and hemarthrosis has not been described in the published literature. We report a case of septic arthritis and hemarthrosis caused by Hia infection in a 2.5 year-old-boy and review invasive Hia infection in children.

scholarly journals Invasive Disease Caused by Haemophilus Influenzae Serotype a, an Emerging Pathogen in Alaska.

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. i195-i195
Author(s):  
M. G. Bruce ◽  
T. Zulz ◽  
C. Debyle ◽  
R. Singleton ◽  
D. Hurlburt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Serotype A

scholarly journals Fluoropyrimidine-Induced Severe Toxicities Associated with Rare DPYD Polymorphisms: Case Series from Saudi Arabia and a Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
Nedal Bukhari ◽  
Abdulraheem Alshangiti ◽  
Emad Tashkandi ◽  
Mohammed Algarni ◽  
Humaid O. Al-Shamsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Dpyd Gene ◽  
First Case ◽  
Arabian Population

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the major enzyme in the catabolism of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and its prodrug capecitabine. We report cases from our institute with colorectal cancer who experienced severe toxicities to standard dose 5-FU based chemotherapy. DPYD gene sequencing revealed rare different polymorphisms that prompted dose adjustments of administered 5-FU and capecitabine. To our knowledge, this is the first case series looking at DPYD polymorphisms in the Saudi Arabian population.

scholarly journals Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a Invasive Disease, Alaska, USA, 1983–2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 932-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Bruce ◽  
Tammy Zulz ◽  
Carolynn DeByle ◽  
Ros Singleton ◽  
Debby Hurlburt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Serotype A

scholarly journals Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Single-Center Series of 12 Cases from Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. CMPed.S35853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaleb Elyamany ◽  
Azzah Alzahrani ◽  
Huda Elfaraidi ◽  
Omar Alsuhaibani ◽  
Nada Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
First Case ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Female Predominance

Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal disease that commonly appears in infancy, although it has been reported in adults. Chemoimmunotherapy-based treatments have improved the survival of patients with HLH; however, overall survival is still poor. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 12 HLH patients who were admitted between 2005 and 2014. All patients were Saudi Arabia in origin with a female predominance (75%) and a median age of onset of 9.5 months. The consanguinity rates were significantly high (75%) with a positive family history in 41% of cases. Of the 12 patients, nine were defined as primary HLH patients and three were confirmed to be secondary HLH patients. All patients fulfilled the 2004 diagnostic criteria for HLH and received HLH-2004 treatment. Six of these patients showed a good response to chemotherapy, while the remainder of the patients showed partial or no response to chemotherapy. Five patients in this cohort received stem cell transplant, and these patients are currently in remission. The mortality rate of this cohort is currently 50%. Genetic mutational analysis showed a positive STX11 mutation in five patients and a PRF1 ( perforin) mutation in two patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case series of HLH from Saudi Arabia.

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