scholarly journals Larval development of Microgobius tabogensis Meek & Hildebrand, 1928 (Pisces: Gobiidae) from a coastal lagoon in the Gulf of California, México

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-506
Author(s):  
Enrique A. González-Navarro ◽  
Ricardo J. Saldierna-Martínez ◽  
Gerardo Aceves-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Pigmentation Pattern ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Gas Bladder ◽  
Fin Development

In fish, the larval stage constitutes the most vulnerable phase in the life cycle and reveals important ecological and evolutive information of fish and fundamental data to manage marine ecosystems. However, their identity is one of the biggest gaps in knowledge, particularly for the Microgobius genus, where only three of 15 species have been described. In this study, the larval development of Microgobius tabogensis was described based on 116 specimens (2.75-14.20 mm standard length) from Ensenada de La Paz, Mexico. The typical gobiid body shape characterized larvae, a well-developed dorsally pigmented gas bladder, a curve at the hindgut, and 27 myomeres. The pigmentation pattern in M. tabogensis consisted of a series of melanophores along the ventral postanal midline, increasing from three to seven during the preflexion stage and up to 16 in the postflexion stage. It had three to five melanophores on the ventral preanal midline, one at the jaw angle and one on the dorsal postanal midline. Through all stages, one of the ventral melanophores was normally stellate, bigger than the others, and extended between the myomeres. A dorsal melanophore was located near the end of the intestine in the preflexion stage but disappeared with growth. Notochord flexion started at approximately 4.3 mm and ended at 5.1 mm. Anal fin development started at the beginning of the flexion stage, followed by the dorsal fin. All elements of the fins were formed by the late postflexion stage (14.2 mm).

Larval development of Symphurus atramentatus (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes) from the Gulf of California

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1016 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO J. SALDIERNA-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
ENRIQUE A. GONZÁLEZ-NAVARRO ◽  
GERARDO ACEVES-MEDINA
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Pigmentation Pattern ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Juvenile Stages

Symphurus atramentatus is described from larval to juvenile stages based on 30 specimens from the Gulf of California. Eleven larvae (preflexion, flexion, and postflexion) and three juveniles were cleared and stained to obtain the number of proximal dorsal-fin pterygiophores in each of the anterior first five interneural spaces and the number of hypural elements. Meristic features were nine precaudal vertebrae, 49–51 total vertebrae, 91–97 dorsal rays, 75–79 anal rays, 12 caudal rays, and four hypural elements. All specimens had a 1-3-3-2-2 ID pattern. The combination of these characterstics confirm that the specimens belong to Symphurus atramentatus. Pigmentation pattern of S. atramentatus from preflexion to postflexion stage consists of one dashed line of pigments on the base of the anal fin pterigiophores. In posflexion larvae, a dashed line of pigments appears on the base of the anal rays, on the dorsal margin of the body, on the lateral midline of the body, in the base of the first 15 dorsal rays, and on the base of the last 25 dorsal rays. In preflexion larvae, the ventral margin of the intestine had three or four blotches, which coalesce to form a continuous dotted line in postflexion larvae. Five elongated dorsal fin rays are present from preflexion to postflexion stages, which in the juvenile stage had a similar size with the rest of the adjacent rays.

Larval descriptions of three galaxiid fishes endemic to south-western Australia: Galaxias occidentalis, Galaxiella munda and Galaxiella nigrostriata (Salmoniformes: Galaxiidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
HS Gill ◽  
FJ Neira
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Gas Bladder ◽  
Galaxias Maculatus ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

The larval development of Galaxias occidentalis, Galaxiella munda and Galaxiella nigrostriata is described and illustrated with material collected from freshwater habitats in south-westem Australia. Galaxias occidentalis larvae are very elongate (52-54 myomeres), lightly pigmented and morphologically very similar to those of Galaxias vulgaris and Galaxias maculatus. Notochord flexion (9.3-13.1 mm), formation of all except the pelvic fins (6.1-21.9 mm) and transition (>26.6 mm) in larval G. occidentalis occur at similar sizes to larvae of the strictly freshwater G. vulgaris but at smaller sizes than in larvae of diadromous populations of G. maculatus. Larvae of Galaxiella munda and G. nigrostriata are elongate (3843 myomeres) and heavily pigmented and can be separated primarily by the considerably heavier pigmentation in the latter species. Notochord flexion (6.6-13.1 mm), formation of all except the pelvic fins (5.8-13.6 mm) and transition (>13.2 mm) in both species occur at smaller sizes than in Galaxias larvae. Galaxias larvae can be distinguished from those of many superficially similar clupeiform species by the combination of a dorsal fin directly above the anal fin, lack of a strongly striated hindgut, absence of a conspicuous gas bladder above the fore- and hindgut junction, and myomeres without cross-hatched muscle fibres. Galaxiella larvae are very different from Galaxias larvae and are unlikely to be confused with the larvae of any other sympatric species.

LIFE HISTORY OF THE FUNGUS GNAT MACROCERA NOBILIS IN AMERICAN CAVES (DIPTERA: MYCETOPHILIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1235-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart B. Peck ◽  
Donald R. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Insect Prey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
Life Cycle Development

AbstractThe mycetophilid Macrocera nobilis Johnson, previously known only from forests in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, is here reported from caves in Oklahoma, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia. A study of populations in Oklahoma shows that the short-lived adults mate in cave entrances, but that oviposition, larval development, and pupation occur only in the dark zone of caves. The larvae build extensive webs upon which they travel and which they use to capture insect prey (mostly other Diptera). Reproduction and life cycle development is not seasonal. The larval stage lasts 9 or 10 months, and the pupal stage about 2 weeks.

Larval development in the lutjanid subfamily Lutjaninae (Pisces): the Indo-Pacific genus Pinjalo

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1760 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY M LEIS
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Spine Morphology ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fin Spines ◽  
Pelvic Fin

The larvae of the two species of Pinjalo are described for the first time based on seven specimens of P. pinjalo (4.3–7.5 mm) and 23 specimens of P. lewisi (5.6–15.0 mm) captured in plankton tows and midwater trawls in the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Identification was confirmed by fin meristics. These deep-bodied, compressed larvae share all the characteristics of lutjanid larvae, and have some of the most well-developed head spination and fin spines of any lutjanids. The robust spines of the dorsal, anal and pelvic fins bear strong serrations. The preopercular spines are particularly enlarged, some bear fine serrations, and the anterior end of the maxilla also has fine serrations: these fine serrations are rare in lutjanine lutjanids. The two species of Pinjalo can be distinguished by the meristics of dorsal and anal fins, the relative lengths of the first spine of the dorsal fin and the spine of the pelvic fin. The larvae have distinctive pigment on the dorsal fin, head and caudal peduncle. The body shape, pigment pattern, fin-spine morphology, and the fine serrations on the head spines of the two Pinjalo species are very similar to the larvae of Lutjanus erythropterus and L. malabaricus, and may indicate a close relationship among these four species.

TUNGAU PADA DAUN MANGGA (Mangifera Indica)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawati Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Mango Leaves

Mites have hostplant specifications or host plants. Mites can be destructive and deadly of which is the host plants a mango crop. Mites on mango crops will cause the leaves yellow and fall off prematurely. This is will lead to the disruption of the productivity of mango. It is necessary for research to identify the mites that infect the mango crop. The method is carried out by direct observation. Mites were taken from the surface of mango leaves later in preservation with several levels of concentration of alcohol, and polyvinyl laktofenol. Then, observed under a microscope and documented for identification purposes. Mites on the leaf surface of manalagi mango (<em>Mangifera indica</em>) found two species, it is <em>Oligonychus</em> sp. and <em>Oligonychus ilicis</em> (Family: Tetranychidae, Superfamily: Tetranychoidea). <em>Oligonychus</em> sp. hallmark is rounded body shape like a spider, with a body is transparent and there are two long seta on posterior part. While <em>Oligonychus ilicis</em> has a characteristic elongated rounded body shape, red, and there is a short posterior seta. <em>Oligonychus</em> sp. and <em>Oligonychus ilicis</em> live as parasites on the surface of mango leaves that can lead to wrinkled leaves, yellow and to fall. <em>Oligonychus</em> life cycle starts from the eggs develop into Nympha and then adult.

Phoronida

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Planktonic Larval Stage

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Phoronida, a small group of exclusively marine invertebrates found in most of the world's oceans from the intertidal zone to about 400 metres depth. Phoronids are meroplanktonic with a planktonic larval stage usually less than 2 mm in length and a benthic adult whose length ranges from a few cm up to 50 cm. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

scholarly journals Linking Habitat and Associated Abiotic Conditions to Predict Fish Hotspots Distribution Areas within La Paz Bay: Evaluating Marine Conservation Areas

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Urcádiz-Cázares ◽  
Víctor Hugo Cruz-Escalona ◽  
Mark S. Peterson ◽  
Rosalía Aguilar-Medrano ◽  
Emigdio Marín-Enríquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Presence Data

Hotspots are priority marine or terrestrial areas with high biodiversity where delineation is essential for conservation, but equally important is their linkage to the environmental policies of the overall region. In this study, fish diversity presences were linked to abiotic conditions and different habitat types to reveal multi-species and hotspots models predicted by ecological niche modelling methods within the Bay of La Paz, Mexico (south of Gulf of California). The abiotically suitable areas for 217 fish species were identified based on historical (1975–2020) presence data sets and a set of environmental layers related to distances from mangroves and rocky shores habitats, marine substrate, and bottom geomorphology conditions. Hotspot model distribution was delineated from a multi-species model identifying areas with ≥60 species per hectare and was compared to the marine conservation areas such Balandra Protected Natural Area (BPNA), illustrating how these models can be applied to improve the local regulatory framework. The results indicate that (1) there is a need for the BPNA to be enlarged to capture more of the delineated hotspot areas, and thus an update to the management plan will be required, (2) new conservation areas either adjacent or outside of the established BPNA should be established, or (3) Ramsar sites or other priority areas should be subject to legal recognition and a management plan decreed so that these vital habitats and fish diversity can be better protected.

scholarly journals Gobiesox lanceolatus, a new species of clingfish (Teleostei:  Gobiesocidae) from Los Frailes submarine canyon, Gulf of California, Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4221 (3) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP A. HASTINGS ◽  
KEVIN W. CONWAY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Submarine Canyon ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Pectoral Fin Rays

Gobiesox lanceolatus is described from a single specimen collected from 300 meters depth in the Los Frailes submarine canyon in the southwestern Gulf of California. The "Canyon Clingfish" is unique within Gobiesox in having a lanceolate caudal fin, with the central rays longer than those above and below them. It is also distinguished by 14 dorsal-fin rays (first tiny and unsegmented), 11 anal-fin rays, 28 pectoral-fin rays, anus slightly closer to anal-fin origin than to posterior margin of pelvic disc, and dorsal-fin origin in front of vertical from anus. It is most similar to Gobiesox eugrammus, known from Isla Guadelupe, the coast of outer Baja California and southern California. This is the deepest record for a species of Gobiesox and only four other species of clingfishes are known from greater depths. 

scholarly journals A MULTI-SPECIES MICROALGAE BLOOM IN BAHIA DE LA PAZ, GULF OF CALIFORNIA, MEXICO (JUNE 2008)

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gárate-Lizárraga ◽  
C. J. Band-Schmidt ◽  
F. Aguirre-Bahena ◽  
T. Grayeb del Alamo
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Total Density ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Gyrodinium Instriatum ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Myrionecta Rubra ◽  
Ecological Importance

Red tide patches were observed in Bahía de La Paz in June 17 and 18 of 2008. According to temperature and wind data this bloom occurred under upwelling-like conditions. Examination of the red tide samples showed the ciliate Myrionecta rubra and the naked dinoflagellates Gyrodinium instriatum and Katodinium glaucum as the main species responsible for this bloom. Total density (microalgae and ciliate) at the sampling stations was similar on both days, varying from 4607 × 103 cells L-1 to 4976 × 103 cells L-1 on the first day, and from 4172 × 103 cells L-1 to 5024 × 103 cells L-1 on the second day. Phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) observed during the first day of the bloom was 1.5 mg m-3. Dinoflagellates and diatoms were the most numerically important phytoplankton groups. The phytoplankton community showed a high species richness, particularly heterotrophic dinoflagellates and ebridians. The ecological importance of the heterotrophic component of naked dinoflagellates and the ebriids for this bay is discussed. Florecimiento multiespecífico de microalgas en la Bahía de La Paz, Golfo de California, México (Junio, 2008) Durante los días 17 y 18 de junio de 2008, se observó una marea roja en la Bahía de La Paz. De acuerdo con los datos de temperatura y de vientos, este florecimiento ocurrió bajo condiciones muy similares a las de una surgencia. El examen de las muestras de marea roja revelaron que el ciliado Myrionecta rubra y los dinoflagelados desnudos Gyrodinium instriatum y Katodinium glaucum fueron las principales especies responsables de esta proliferación. La densidad total (microalgas y ciliado) fue similar en ambos días, variando de 4607 × 103 céls L-1 a 4976 × 103 céls L-1 durante el primero y entre 4172 × 103 céls L-1 y 5024 × 103 céls L-1 el segundo día, respectivamente. La biomasa fitoplanctónica (clorofila a) medida durante el primer día del florecimiento fue de 1.5 mg m3. Los dinoflagelados y las diatomeas fueron los dos grupos del fitoplancton numéricamente más importantes. Se observó una comunidad fitoplanctónica con una alta riqueza de especies, particularmente de dinoflagelados y ebriidos heterotróficos. Se discute la importancia del componente heterotrófico de los dinoflagelados desnudos y ebriidos.

scholarly journals Bio-optical characterization of the waters of the Bay of La Paz, southern Gulf of California, during late spring 2004

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Erik Coria-Monter ◽  
María Adela Monreal-Gómez ◽  
David Alberto Salas de León ◽  
Elizabeth Durán-Campos
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Light Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Subsequent Calculation ◽  
Natural Fluorescence ◽  
Community Growth

Information on selected bio-optical properties and primary production values of the waters of the Bay of La Paz, southern Gulf of California, is reported during June 2004, a region characterized to have very rich biodiversity, including endemic and endangered species, with high ecological relevance. In-situ measurements of natural fluorescence and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) enabled the subsequent calculation of the incident irradiance (E0), the light extinction coefficient (k), compensation depth (Zc) and critical depth (Zcr). The results suggest the presence of light propitious conditions for phytoplankton community growth and net primary production, which are highly significant for the potential development of models of light penetration, ocean color, primary productivity, and analyses of organic carbon energy flow.

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