scholarly journals Prevalence of Home Storage of Medicines and Associated Factors in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Sattar J. Abood ◽  
Waleed K. Abdulsahib ◽  
Mohanad Y. Al-Radeef
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Drug Storage ◽  
Storage Location ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND: In most families around the world, medicines can be used to treat chronic or acute diseases. Simple access to medicines at home has led to high drug consumption rates for self-limiting diseases. Incorrect use of these home-stocked medications may also contribute to severe health risks, increase pathogens’ tolerance, prolonged distress, increased adversity, medication reactions, and delays in seeking adequate care if misdiagnosis occurs. Nothing is known about how Iraqi people store their medicines at home. AIM: The purpose of this study is to obtain data on the prevalence and related factors of drug storage in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Diyala Province, Iraq in July 2019. A total of 200 students participated in this study. A pre-tested standardized questionnaire was used to collect data and the analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods. All the participants (100%) enrolled reported to keep medicines at their homes. RESULTS: The average number of drug users per household is 12.32%. Refrigerators are the main storage location (65%), followed by kitchen counters (33%). The majority of stored drugs were prescribed by physicians (78.5%) and the leading source of those drugs is a private pharmacy (55.71%). The most popular medicinal products stored were analgesics (23.1%), followed by antimicrobials (antibiotics, antibacterial, and antifungal) (19.44%). Among all medicines, currently used drugs accounted for 43.34%, remaining drugs accounted for 29.78%, and reserved drugs accounted for 26.87% for future use. The most common dosage forms of these drugs are tablets (21.16%) and capsules (20.95%). Most participants (82.5%) revealed that they always check the expiration date before use, and (37%) admitted to sharing drugs with others. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of drug storage in households in the Diyala Governorate of Iraq is high because all participants keep drugs at home. Regardless of the method used, these drugs should be retained, and proper storage procedures and conditions are rarely observed.

scholarly journals Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption and Associated Factors among Northeastern Chinese Children

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2233
Author(s):  
Xuxiu Zhuang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Joel Gittelsohn ◽  
Emma Lewis ◽  
Shenzhi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Pocket Money ◽  
At Home

(1) Background: The present study aimed to investigate the association between home-related factors, community environmental factors, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake among Northeastern Chinese children. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional. Children with complete data were included in the analysis (n = 901). A questionnaire modified according to BEVQ-15 measured the intake of SSBs. Logistic regression was applied to determine the factors associated with the consumption of SSBs. IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 was applied to perform all statistical analyses. (3) Results: The mean total amount of SSBs consumed on a weekly basis was 2214.04 ± 2188.62 mL. Children’s weekly pocket money, frequency of SSBs purchase, SSBs availability at home, the number of accessible supermarkets, and frequency of weekly visits to convenience stores were all found to be associated with a high intake of SSBs among all children. Among children of normal weight, the findings indicated that weekly pocket money, SSBs availability at home, and number of accessible supermarkets were associated with a high SSBs intake. At the same time, frequency of SSBs purchase, mother’s SSBs intake, and frequency of weekly visits to convenience stores were associated with a high SSBs intake among children with obesity. (4) Conclusions: Given the potential negative health effects of high SSBs intake, it is crucial to pay attention to home-related factors and community environment.

scholarly journals Differences in Results and Related Factors between Hospital-At-Home Modalities in Catalonia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Jorge Arias-de la Torre ◽  
Evangelia Anna María Zioga ◽  
Lizza Macorigh ◽  
Laura Muñoz ◽  
Oriol Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outcome Indicators ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Hospital At Home ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
At Home

Hospital-at-home (HaH) is a healthcare modality that provides active treatment by healthcare staff in the patient’s home for a condition that would otherwise require hospitalization. The aims were to describe the characteristics of different types of hospital-at-home (HaH), assess their results, and examine which factors could be related to these results. A cross-sectional study based on data from all 2014 HaH contacts from Catalonia was designed. The following HaH modalities were considered—admission avoidance (n = 7214; 75.1%) and early assisted discharge (n = 2387; 24.9%). The main outcome indicators were readmission, mortality, and length of stay (days). Multivariable models were fitted to assess the association between explanatory factors and outcomes. Hospital admission avoidance is a scheme in which, instead of being admitted to acute care hospitals, patients are directly treated in their own homes. Early assisted discharge is a scheme in which hospital in-care patients continue their treatment at home. In the hospital avoidance modality, there were 8.3% readmissions, 0.9% mortality, and a mean length of stay (SD) of 9.6 (10.6) days. In the early assisted discharge modality, these figures were 7.9%, 0.5%, and 9.8 (11.1), respectively. In both modalities, readmission and mean length of stay were related to comorbidity and type of hospital, and mortality with age. The results of HaH in Catalonia are similar to those observed in other contexts. The factors related to these results identified might help to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the different HaH modalities.

scholarly journals Preferences for methadone clinics among drug users in Vietnam: a comparison between public and private models

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Le ◽  
Tuan Anh Nguyen ◽  
Anh Duc Dang ◽  
Cuong Tat Nguyen ◽  
Hai Thanh Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Private Facility ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Clinics

Abstract Background Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been proven to be effective in treating opioid dependence. In Vietnam, MMT services are provided primarily by public clinics, with only one private MMT clinic established in recent years. Assessing the preferences of patients for different MMT models is important in evaluating the feasibility of these models. This study measured the preferences of drug users enrolling in public and private MMT clinics in Vietnam and examines the related factors of these preferences. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 395 participants at 3 methadone clinics in Nam Dinh. Data about the preferences for MMT models and sociodemographic characteristics of participants were collected. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to explore the construct validity of the questionnaire. The chi-square test and Mann-Whitney test were used for analyzing demographic characteristics and preferences of participants. Multivariate logistic regression identified factors associated with participants’ preferences. Results Half the participants received MMT treatment in a private facility (49.4%). Two preference dimensions were defined as “Availability and convenience of service” and “Competencies of clinic and health professionals”. Self-employed patients were more likely to consider these two dimensions when choosing MMT models. Only 9.9% of participants chose “Privacy” as one of the evaluation criteria for an MMT facility. Compared to public clinics, a statistically higher percentage of patients in the private clinic chose the attitudes of health workers as the reason for using MMT service (34.7% and 7.6% respectively). Mean score of satisfaction towards MMT services was 8.6 (SD = 1.0), and this score was statistically higher in a public facility, compared to the private facility (8.7 and 8.4 respectively). Conclusions The study highlighted patterns of patient preferences towards MMT clinics. Compared to the public MMT model, the private MMT model may need to enhance their services to improve patient satisfaction.

Factors Associated With Suicide Ideation in Lithuania and Poland Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

Crisis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odeta Gelezelyte ◽  
Malgorzata Dragan ◽  
Piotr Grajewski ◽  
Monika Kvedaraite ◽  
Annett Lotzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

Abstract. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on many risk and protective factors associated with suicide. Aims: The aim of this study was to identify pandemic-related factors associated with suicidal ideation in the two European countries, Lithuania and Poland, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The sample comprised 2,459 participants in both countries; 57.2% of the respondents were female. The M age of the participants was 43.45 years ( SD = 15.91). Pandemic-related stressors and adjustment problems were measured to assess associations with suicidal ideation. Results: High levels of adjustment problems, loneliness, and burden due to staying at home more during the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated with suicide ideation in both Lithuania and Poland. Limitations: This was a cross-sectional online study with different recruitment approaches in the two countries. Conclusion: Adjustment problems, loneliness, and stressors related to staying at home more could be important targets for suicide prevention amid the pandemic.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Substance Use and Sexual Behavior among Drug Users in Three Mountainous Provinces of Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bach Tran ◽  
Hue Mai ◽  
Mercedes Fleming ◽  
Ha Do ◽  
Tam Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex

Due to their geographical characteristics, the mountainous areas of Vietnam are particularly vulnerable to illicit drug use. Drug users in remote areas are also more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and characteristics of substance use and sexual behaviors and explored their related factors among newly admitted drug users in three mountainous provinces of Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 newly-admitted drug users registering for Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) at 6 clinics in three provinces: Dien Bien, Lai Chau and Yen Bai from October 2014 to December 2015. Information about the socio-demographic characteristics, history of substance use, and sexual behaviors were collected. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify potential predictors of four outcomes, which included: drug injection, re-use of needles, using condoms during the last time of having sex, and having sexual intercourse with female sex workers. The proportion of injecting drug users was 68.3%; of those 9% never re-used needles. Of note, 69% of those who reported having sex with female sex workers in the last month did not use condoms. Regression models showed that those who injected drugs and had health problems in last 30 days had greater odds of having sex with female sex workers. Drug users in mountainous settings acknowledged the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related risk behaviors and a demand for physical and psychological care. Scaling up MMT services is key to approaching this high-risk group; however, at the same time, comprehensive harm-reduction interventions, counseling, and health care services should also be made accessible and effective in this setting.

scholarly journals Effect of the timing of stay-at-home orders on COVID-19 infections in the United States of America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megh Trivedi ◽  
Anirudha Das
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Case Rate ◽  
At Home

Abstract The current COVID-19 pandemic has sparked growing global interest in understanding the spread and outcome of the virus. From previous pandemics, we have learned that several demographic, geographic, and socio-economic factors may play a role in increasing risk of infection. Our objective was to examine the association of timing of mandated stay-at-home orders at the county-level with COVID-19 cases, daily case rate and mortality in the United States of America (USA). Publicly available data were used to perform a cross-sectional study of USA counties with > 100,000 population, and at least 50 confirmed cases per 100,000 people as of May 24, 2020. The three outcome variables were: total cases/100,000, daily case rate (DCR), and total deaths/100,000. Out of 3142 USA counties, 569 met the inclusion criteria. Of all variables, the timing of state-mandated stay-at-home order had the most significant effect on all three outcomes after adjusting for multiple socio-demographic, geographic and health related factors. Additional factors with significant association with increased cases and deaths include population density, housing problem, unemployment, African American race, and age > 65. Policymakers at the local level must take this into consideration while planning for interventions to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Differences in results and related factors between Hospital-at-Home modalities in Catalonia: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Arias de la Torre ◽  
Evangelia Anna María Zioga ◽  
Lizza Macorigh ◽  
Laura Muñoz ◽  
Oriol Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Early Discharge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Hospital At Home ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Hospital-at-home (HaH) is a healthcare modality that provides active treatment by healthcare staff in the patient’s home for a condition that would otherwise require hospitalization. Previous studies have described two basic types of HaH: hospital admission avoidance and early discharge The aims of this study were: To describe the characteristics of different types of hospital-at-home (HaH) contacts; to assess readmission, mortality, and mean length of stay for each HaH modality; and to examine which factors could be related to these results. Methods A cross-sectional study based on data from all 2014 HaH contacts from Catalonia was designed. The following HaH modalities were considered: admission avoidance (n=7,214; 75.1%) and early discharge (n=2,387; 24.9%). The main outcome indicators were readmission, mortality, and mean length of stay (days). Contact characteristics were compared at bivariable level and indicators were calculated for each HaH modality. Multivariable General linear models were fitted to assess the association between explanatory factors and outcomes. Results Differences in contact characteristics between HaH modalities were observed at bivariable level. In the hospital avoidance modality there were 8.3% readmissions, 0.9% mortality, and a mean length of stay (SD) of 9.6 (10.6) days. In the early discharge one, these figures were 7.9%, 0.5%, and 9.8 (11.1), respectively. In both modalities, readmission and mean length of stay were related to comorbidity and type of hospital, and mortality with age. Conclusions The results show that the HaH results in Catalonia are acceptable and similar to those observed in other contexts. The factors related to these results could help improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the different HaH modalities.

scholarly journals Differences in results and related factors between Hospital-at-Home modalities in Catalonia: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Arias de la Torre ◽  
Evangelia Anna María Zioga ◽  
Lizza Macorigh ◽  
Laura Muñoz ◽  
Oriol Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Early Discharge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Hospital At Home ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Hospital-at-home (HaH) is a healthcare modality that provides active treatment by healthcare staff in the patient’s home for a condition that would otherwise require hospitalization. Previous studies have described two basic types of HaH: hospital admission avoidance and early discharge The aims of this study were: To describe the characteristics of different types of hospital-at-home (HaH) contacts; to assess readmission, mortality, and mean length of stay for each HaH modality; and to examine which factors could be related to these results. Methods A cross-sectional study based on data from all 2014 HaH contacts from Catalonia was designed. The following HaH modalities were considered: admission avoidance (n=7,214; 75.1%) and early discharge (n=2,387; 24.9%). The main outcome indicators were readmission, mortality, and mean length of stay (days). Contact characteristics were compared at bivariable level and indicators were calculated for each HaH modality. Multivariable General linear models were fitted to assess the association between explanatory factors and outcomes. Results Differences in contact characteristics between HaH modalities were observed at bivariable level. In the hospital avoidance modality there were 8.3% readmissions, 0.9% mortality, and a mean length of stay (SD) of 9.6 (10.6) days. In the early discharge one, these figures were 7.9%, 0.5%, and 9.8 (11.1), respectively. In both modalities, readmission and mean length of stay were related to comorbidity and type of hospital, and mortality with age. Conclusions The results show that the HaH results in Catalonia are acceptable and similar to those observed in other contexts. The factors related to these results could help improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the different HaH modalities.

scholarly journals Children’s Perception and Belief about Medicines: Effectiveness and Its Autonomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 2556-2562
Author(s):  
Syofyan Syofyan ◽  
Dachriyanus Dachriyanus ◽  
Masrul Masrul ◽  
Rosfita Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Medicine Price ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Children’S Perceptions ◽  
Beliefs About Medicines ◽  
Children's Beliefs ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND: The use of medicines in children is usually always under the supervision of parents. Children are considered not to understand the concept of medicine properly. Children's perceptions of medicine are mostly formed from everyday experience. This can have an impact on children's beliefs about medicines which they are also required to be active and rational medicine users. AIM: This study aims to look at children's perceptions and beliefs about medicines, especially in the perspective of medicine efficacy and children's autonomy in using them. METHOD: The study was conducted with an analytical method with a cross-sectional approach using a questionnaire instrument in grade V elementary school children in Padang City, Indonesia. The total sample size obtained was 503 students. RESULTS: Children still think that medicine efficacy is influenced by taste, colour, size, medicine price, a place to buy medicine and how to get medication. 10.1% of children have stored the medicine at home, and 48.5% of children always depends on waited for their parents when they wanted to take medicine. Regarding children's access to medicines, 11.5% of children have bought their own over-the-counter medicine to a pharmacy or medicine store without the parents' knowledge. 31.4% of children have taken medicine at home without the parents' knowledge. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that children's perceptions of medicine efficacy are still very limited. Even though the child has used the medicine alone in a limited way, the child's autonomy in using the medicine still needs to be monitored by the parent. Therefore, this is the reason for the need for medical education given to children, especially in schools as an integral part of health education.

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