ANALISIS PENYEBAB OBAT KADALUARSA DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT IBU DAN ANAK ERIA BUNDA PEKANBARU TAHUN 2020

Pelayanan kefarmasian merupakan pelayanan penunjang serta pusat pendapatan utama bagi rumah sakit. Instalasi farmasi merupakan salah satu unit pelaksanaan fungsional yang menyelenggarakan seluruh kegiatan pelayanan kefarmasian. Di instalasi farmasi Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Eria Bunda Pekanbaru berpotensi menghasilkan obat kadaluarsa yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi rumah sakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penyebab obat kadaluarsa di instalasi farmasi Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Eria Bunda Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari Kepala Instalasi Farmasi, Penanggung Jawab Farmasi Rawat Inap, Koordinator Perbekalan Farmasi dan Alkes, Staf Farmasi Rawat Jalan, dan Staf Gudang Farmasi. Dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyebab obat kadaluarsa di instalasi farmasi Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Eria Bunda Pekanbaru disebabkan oleh perencanaan obat yang terlalu berlebih dari konsumsi pemakaian rata-rata rumah sakit, pengadaan obat yang tidak memperkirakan berapa banyak obat yang mau dipesan, serta penyimpanan obat dikarenakan human error dimana kesalahan pada saat penyimpanan yang tidak FIFO dan FEFO. Saran bagi instlasi farmasi Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Eria Bunda Pekanbaru yaitu dengan mengadakan pelatihan dan sosialisasi terhadap perencanaan dan pengadaan obat, serta meningkatkan pengawasan dalam melakukan penyimpanan obat. Pharmaceutical services are support services as well as the main revenue center for hospitals. The pharmacy installation is one of the functional implementation units that organize all pharmaceutical service activities. The pharmacy installation at the Eria Bunda Mother and Child Hospital in Pekanbaru has the potential to produce expired drugs that can cause harm to the hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of drug expiration in the pharmacy installation of Eria Bunda Mother and Child Hospital Pekanbaru. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study consisted of the Head of the Pharmacy Installation, the Person in Charge of Inpatient Pharmacy, the Coordinator of Pharmacy and Medical Devices, the Outpatient Pharmacy Staff, and the Pharmacy Warehouse Staff. With the data collection method using observation and interviews. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the cause of expired drugs in the pharmacy installation of Eria Bunda Mother and Child Hospital Pekanbaru is caused by excessive drug planning than the average hospital consumption, drug procurement that does not predict how many drugs to order, and storage. medicine due to human error where the error during storage is not FIFO and FEFO. Suggestions for the pharmacy installation of Eria Bunda Mother and Child Hospital Pekanbaru, namely by holding training and socialization of drug planning and procurement, as well as increasing supervision in carrying out drug storage.

The Beyond-Use Date Perception of Drugs in North Jakarta, Indonesia

Beyond-Use Date (BUD) refers to the unsafe period of drug consumption and is calculated from the moment of opening the primary package. Meanwhile, Indonesia has no current related data, in terms of public awareness. Therefore, this research aims to assess the BUD perception of North Jakarta communities and pharmacists’ roles in providing the relevant information. The data collection process employed a semi-structural interview across 6 districts in the research location between September-November 2019, followed by data transcription and thematic development. Based on 60 informants recruited by purposive sampling, three themes were obtained, including residual drug storage, pharmacists’ contributions, and BUD awareness. Furthermore, about 97% of the respondents were completely unaware of the subject matter, while 100% denied having any form of sensitization from pharmacists. The perception of 50% were based on the expiration date labelled on the medications. In summary, North Jakarta community’s views were possibly influenced by very poor BUD knowledge. Therefore, the role of pharmacists in educating patients and communities appears very essential.

EVALUASI PENYIMPANAN HIGH ALERT MEDICATION DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT X TANGERANG

High Alert drugs are medicines that have a high risk that can endanger patient safety if its not used properly. According to the Minister of Health No. 72 of 2016 regarding Service Standards in Hospitals, it is explained that high alert drugs must be stored separately from other drug storage and given special labeling. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the suitability of storage and labeling of high alert drugs at the Pharmacy Installation of Hospital X Tangerang. This type of research is descriptive research. Data collection was carried out by direct observation using a check list sheet. The samples taken were drug storage data and labeling of high alert drugs. The results of this study indicate that the most appropriate evaluation of the storage and labeling of high alert drugs is the concentrated electrolyte which reaches 100%. The results of the evaluation that received the lowest percentage were the LASA drug class in the main pharmacy installation with 58% for storage and 65% for labeling that was most in accordance with existing regulations. With the discrepancy with the existing provisions so that data on cases of errors that occurred in the pharmacy installation of Hospital X in 1 year were obtained, the most of which were errors in taking the LASA class of drugs, where the error reached 72%, but it did not reach the patient, because in Hospital X Tangerang has been checked for the class of drugs including high alert medications, checked by 2 people, before being given to the patient.ABSTRAKObat High Alert merupakan obat yang memiliki resiko tinggi yang dapat membahayakan keselamatan pasien jika tidak digunakan secara tepat. Menurut Menteri Kesehatan No.72 Tahun 2016 Tentang Standar Pelayanan di rumah Sakit dijelaskan bahwa obat high alert wajib disimpan secara terpisah dari penyimpanan obat lain dan diberi pelabelan khusus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi tentang kesesuaian penyimpanan dan pelabelan obat high alert di Intalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit X Tangerang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara observasi langsung menggunakan lembar check list. Sampel yang diambil adalah data penyimpanan obat dan pelabelan golongan obat high alert. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa evaluasi terhadap penyimpanan dan pelabelan obat high alert yang paling sesuai yakni pada elektrolit pekat yang mencapai 100%. Hasil evaluasi yang paling mendapat presentase rendah yakni pada golongan obat LASA di instalasi farmasi utama dengan umlah 58% untuk penyimpanan dan 65% untuk pelabelan yang paling sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ada. Dengan adanya ketidaksesuaian dengan ketentuan yang ada sehingga diperoleh data kasus kesalahan yang terjadi di instalasi farmasi Rumah sakit X pada 1 tahun, yang terbanyak yakni kesalahan pada pengambilan obat golongan LASA, dimana kesalahan mencapai 72%, namun hal tersebut tidak sampai ke pasien, karena di Rumah Sakit X Tangerang telah dilakukan pengecekan untuk golongan obat yang termasuk high alert medications dilakukan pengecekan oleh 2 orang, sebelum diberikan ke pasien

Evaluasi penyimpanan obat di Puskesmas "X" Kabupaten Sleman

Background: Evaluation of drug storage in a primary health care is an important process in drug management. Evaluation use with indicators. Some of indicators are Percentage of expired date drugs, percentage of stockout and Turn Over Ratio (TOR). Objective: This study aimed to know the efficiency of drug storage in Mlati II primary health care Methods: This observation research use retrospective data. Results: Percentage of expired date drugs was 2.45% and percentage stockout was 2.45% and Turn Over Ratio was 5.2 times Conclusion: Drug storage has not efficient yet. Keywords: Evaluation, drug storage, primary health care

Empowerment of Aisyiyah members through the application of GERMAS on aspects of drug storage at home

The government has implemented the Healthy Living Community Movement (GERMAS) program through promotion of the pharmaceutical sector related to drug storage at home. However, there are still many problems in storing household medicines in the community. This activity was carried out through a community empowerment approach using the community capacity building method for a community organization, Aisyiyah, which consists of Muslim women in the Grendeng village, Purwokerto. This activity ws carried out in stages, namely pre-test methods, lectures, group teaching, self-empowerment through peer teaching and training, and measuring the success of activities using post-tests. Based on the whole series of activities, the knowledge of partners about storing medicines at home has increased in a good category.

LEGAL BASIS FOR INFORMING PATIENTS ABOUT THE RULES FOR THE USE OF MEDICINES

Pharmaceutical specialists play the leading role providing informations and recommendations how to use drugs. In national regulatory instruments have requirements to implement pharmaceutical information and counseling. Besides pharmacists, patients can get advice of medical specialists who prescrib drug therapy. So, a patient is informed on the rational using medicine by 2 specialists. In such a situation, is important to division the areas of responsibility in the explaining the rules of use of drugs. The Purpose of the Study. Analysis of the legal framework in the field of consulting the patient during medicines sales. A readiness pharmaceutical specialist to provide informations prescribed medicines in accordance with the law has been assessed. Material and methods. An assessment of the regulatory framework for pharmaceutical information and counseling services was given. Questionnaire face-to-face survey of 154 pharmaceutical workers of the Novgorod region was carried out and the readiness was analyzed their readiness to provide information and counseling services in case of saling a prescribed drug according to the legislation. Results. Almost 30,0 % of pharmacy workers indicated that it is not always necessary to explain a doses of medicine, as this information is communicated to a patient by a doctor. 13.63% of respondents, releasing a drug prescribed by a doctor, always report information on the conditions of its storage place, the rest is given only in case if a buyer requires or if it is necessary to observe a special temperature for drug storage. At the same time, 22,73% of pharmaceutical chemists always inform patients about possible drug interactions. Conclusion. During the study, problems were identified in the implementation of the labor function to provide information services by pharmacy workers.

IoT Based Automation and Blockchain for Medical Drug Storage and Smart Drug Store

The increase in the work stress and decrease in the time for oneself has led to the rise in the dependency on the medicines and drugs. The drugs and medicines are the key sources for saving the human life when the patient is in the danger. In order to maintain regular and quality supply of the drugs and medicines has to monitor on the regular basis. There are numerous medicines and drugs brought in the store but usually drugs and medicines are stolen to satisfy one’s greed, get expired or placed at unknown locations in the store. So to prevent such situation and saving the life of the patient Drug and Medicine Monitoring Model can be used. The model uses the RFID and IoT technology in order to monitor the drugs and medicines in the store. In medical and drug using systems which are increasing work stress and decreasing the time for oneself that has risen in dependency. The danger situation drugs and medicine is the main source for saving human life when the people are in danger. A daily regular basis to maintain a quality supply of the drug and medicine has been monitored. While traveling and transportation time is numerous medicines and drugs brought from the store but usually it is stolen to one’s greed and the medicines and drugs or placed at unknown locations. To prevent and save a patent life and monitoring model can be used to check the medicine and drug. In our model RFID tag and IoT technology can be used to monitor medicine and drug storage with the help of hospitals and how having a knowledge of the system and chemist of the medical and drugs available, the medicines and drugs quality of location and their safety.

Prevalence of Home Storage of Medicines and Associated Factors in Iraq

BACKGROUND: In most families around the world, medicines can be used to treat chronic or acute diseases. Simple access to medicines at home has led to high drug consumption rates for self-limiting diseases. Incorrect use of these home-stocked medications may also contribute to severe health risks, increase pathogens’ tolerance, prolonged distress, increased adversity, medication reactions, and delays in seeking adequate care if misdiagnosis occurs. Nothing is known about how Iraqi people store their medicines at home. AIM: The purpose of this study is to obtain data on the prevalence and related factors of drug storage in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Diyala Province, Iraq in July 2019. A total of 200 students participated in this study. A pre-tested standardized questionnaire was used to collect data and the analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods. All the participants (100%) enrolled reported to keep medicines at their homes. RESULTS: The average number of drug users per household is 12.32%. Refrigerators are the main storage location (65%), followed by kitchen counters (33%). The majority of stored drugs were prescribed by physicians (78.5%) and the leading source of those drugs is a private pharmacy (55.71%). The most popular medicinal products stored were analgesics (23.1%), followed by antimicrobials (antibiotics, antibacterial, and antifungal) (19.44%). Among all medicines, currently used drugs accounted for 43.34%, remaining drugs accounted for 29.78%, and reserved drugs accounted for 26.87% for future use. The most common dosage forms of these drugs are tablets (21.16%) and capsules (20.95%). Most participants (82.5%) revealed that they always check the expiration date before use, and (37%) admitted to sharing drugs with others. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of drug storage in households in the Diyala Governorate of Iraq is high because all participants keep drugs at home. Regardless of the method used, these drugs should be retained, and proper storage procedures and conditions are rarely observed.

The Effect of Temperature on the Stability of PCSK-9 Monoclonal Antibody: An Experimental Study

Background: PCSK9 monoclonal antibody lowers plasma PCSK9 and LDL-cholesterol levels. The manufacturers recommend drug storage at 2–8°C, and not above 25°C. This study aimed to investigate drug stability at various temperatures that this drug could be exposed to during medication handling and transportation in tropical countries. Methods: Alirocumab and evolocumab were tested in 3 study conditions: room temperature (RT), cooler device with cold pack, and freeze-thaw for 9 and 18 hours. Heated drugs were used as negative control. Free plasma PCSK9 levels from 9 hyperlipidemia subjects were measured with ELISA. Results: Average subject age was 49.2±18.4 years. Percent PCSK9 inhibition significantly declined in heated drugs compared to baseline. Average RT during the study period was 30.4°C. Change in percent PCSK9 inhibition of PCSK9 mAb at RT from baseline was -5.8±4.4 (p=0.005) and -11.0±8.9% (p=0.006) for alirocumab at 9 hours and 18 hours, and -9.7±11.8% (p=0.04) and -15.1±14.3% (p=0.01) for evolocumab at 9 and 18 hours, respectively. In contrast, there were no significant changes in percent PCSK9 inhibition from baseline when PCSK9 mAb was stored in a cooler. In freeze-thaw condition, changes in percent PCSK9 inhibition from baseline to 9 and 18 hours were -5.2±2.9% (p=0.001) and -2.6±4.9% (p=0.16) for alirocumab, and -1.8±4.2% (p=0.24) and 0.4±6.1% (p=0.83) for evolocumab. Conclusion: Proper drug storage according to manufacturer’s recommendation is essential. Drug storage at RT in tropical climate for longer than 9 hours significantly decreased drug efficacy; however, storage in a cooler device with cold pack for up to 18 hours is safe.