Impact of training system on ‘Blanc Du Bois’ vegetative growth, yield components and fruit composition

‘Blanc Du Bois’ (Vitis spp.) is the most widely grown Pierce’s disease tolerant white grapevine cultivar in Texas. As an interspecific hybrid, its growth habit is seimi-drooping, and 'Blanc Du Bois' is characterized as vigorous. This study evaluated the impact of training system (Mid-Wire Cordon with VSP, Mid-Wire Cane with VSP and Smart-Dyson, High-Wire Quadralateral, and Watson) on 'Blanc Du Bois' growth, yield components, and fruit composition at two locations in Texas. The first site was located in the Rio Grande Valley where the mean extreme minimum winter temperature is -1.1 to 1.7° C (USDA Cold Hardiness Zone 10a). As a result of climate and site conditions, vine size, determined by dormant pruning weight, was very large averaging from 3.71 to 5.56 kg per vine across training systems over a three-year period. At this site, the horizontally divided systems, High-Wire Quadrilateral and Watson were the highest yielding averaging 10.66 and 7.49 kg per vine, respectively, as a result of more shoots per vine, and higher fruitfulness. The Mid-Wire Cordon and Mid-Wire Cane Pruned Training Systems had lower yields in two out of three years, but fruit maturity indices soluble solids and pH reflected more advanced maturity at harvest. At the second site, located in the Central Gulf Coast of Texas (USDA Cold Hardiness Zone 8b), vines were less vigorous with pruning weights averaging 1.66 to 1.83 kg per vine across training systems over three years. Consistent differences in yield components, vine size, and fruit composition were not observed, and all the three training systems under study had acceptable growth and fruiting characteristics. The results of this research suggest that 'Blanc Du Bois’ vigor potential and growth habit makes it well-suited for horizontally divided canopy training systems, particularly on vigorous sites.

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Training Systems for Cold Climate Interspecific Hybrid Grape Cultivars in Northern Climate Regions

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech03946-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 202-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Madeline Wimmer ◽

Beth Ann Workmaster ◽

Amaya Atucha

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Growth Yield ◽

The United States ◽

Training System ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Wine Industry ◽

Canopy Architecture ◽

Crop Size ◽

Training Systems ◽

Fruit Composition

Training systems influence grapevine (Vitis sp.) size, shape, and canopy architecture, which ultimately affects yield and fruit composition. Cold climate interspecific hybrid grapes (CCIHG) have propelled the creation of a new and fast-growing grape and wine industry in the northeast and upper midwest of the United States. This study evaluated the effect of three training systems: high cordon (HC), midwire vertical shoot positioning (VSP), and modified Scott Henry (SH) on vine growth, yield, and fruit composition of four CCIHG cultivars, Brianna, Frontenac, La Crescent, and Marquette, during two growing seasons. The divided canopy training system SH increased the crop yield per meter of row in all cultivars relative to HC and VSP, despite reduction in crop size imposed by crop thinning in vines trained to SH. VSP-trained vines had lower yields compared with HC, and this was most evident during the second year of the study, as vines were still being trained when the study commenced. Despite the higher crop size associated with vines trained in a SH system, there were minimal differences in fruit soluble solid concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and pH at harvest time. No differences were observed in vine size, expressed as dormant cane pruning weights, among training systems possibly because of the control of vegetative vigor, especially in VSP-trained vines, through shoot positioning and summer pruning. CCIHG cultivars appear to have the capacity to support higher yields under SH and HC systems without compromising fruit quality; however, labor requirements involved in establishing and maintaining more complex training systems should be considered when selecting a training system for CCIHG cultivars.

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Early-ripening Grapevine Cultivars for Dry-on-vine Raisins on an Open-gable Trellis

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.18.4.740 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 740-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Matthew W. Fidelibus ◽

L. Peter Christensen ◽

Donald G. Katayama ◽

David W. Ramming

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Training System ◽

The Other ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Grapevine Cultivar ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Early Ripening ◽

Main Plot ◽

Overall Performance

‘Diamond Muscat’, ‘DOVine’, ‘Fiesta’, and ‘Selma Pete’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera) were evaluated to determine their suitability for making dry-on-vine (DOV) raisins on an open-gable trellis. The experiment was a split-plot, with training system, head, bilateral, or quadrilateral cordons as the main plot, and grapevine cultivar (Diamond Muscat, DOVine, Fiesta, or Selma Pete) as the subplot. Yield components, fruit composition, and raisin yield and quality were evaluated annually. Vine training style did not affect fruit composition, or raisin yield or quality, but vines trained to quadrilateral cordons produced more clusters on renewal shoots than head-trained vines. ‘DOVine’, ‘Fiesta’, and ‘Selma Pete’ produced about 4.75 tons/acre of raisins, ≈10% more than ‘Diamond Muscat’. ‘Diamond Muscat’ vines produced the most clusters on renewal shoots, an undesirable trait, and the most clusters per vine. ‘Fiesta’ matured later than the other cultivars, therefore it had the lowest soluble solids, the poorest raisin grades, and the highest field moisture at harvest. ‘Selma Pete’ grapes matured as early, or earlier, than the grapes of other cultivars, they had among the highest soluble solids and raisin grades, and the raisins generally dried well. Thus, ‘Selma Pete’ grapevines had the best overall performance of the cultivars tested.

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Training System and Vine Spacing Impact Vine Growth, Yield, and Fruit Composition in a Vigorous Young ‘Noiret’ Vineyard

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.23.4.505 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 505-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Justine E. Vanden Heuvel ◽

Steven D. Lerch ◽

Celine Coquard Lenerz ◽

James M. Meyers ◽

Anna Katharine Mansfield

Keyword(s):

Growth Yield ◽

Load Ratio ◽

Consumer Preference ◽

Training System ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Crop Load ◽

Minimal Impact ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Vine Growth ◽

The Impact

An experimental vineyard was planted in Geneva, NY, in 2007 to determine the impact of training system [low bilateral cordon with vertical shoot positioning (LVSP), high wire bilateral cordon (HWC)], vine spacing (1.8 and 2.4 m), and root system [own-rooted, grafted onto ‘101–14 Mgt’ (Vitis riparia × Vitis rupestris)] on vine growth, yield, fruit composition, and wine quality of the recently-released winegrape ‘Noiret’ (Vitis hybrid). Yield components were generally unaffected by training system in 2009, but vines spaced at 2.4 m had about six fewer clusters per meter of canopy, lower pruning weights by 0.24 kg·m−1, and clusters that were 0.01 kg greater in mass compared with vines spaced at 1.8 m. In 2010, HWC yielded 0.98 kg·m−1 more than LVSP, and had a higher crop load ratio by 0.8. Larger vine spacing increased yield by 0.32 kg·m−1 and increased crop load ratio by 0.3. Grafted vines increased yield by 0.36 kg·m−1 and crop load ratio by 0.3. Training system and vine spacing had minimal impact on fruit composition in both years. Rank sum analysis indicated a consumer preference for the aroma of wines from the HWC/2.4-m treatment compared with wines from the LVSP/1.8-m treatment in 2009, and a consumer preference for the aroma of wines from the HWC/1.8-m treatment compared with wines from the LVSP/1.8-m treatment in 2010. Results suggest that the LVSP system is not a suitable choice for vigorous ‘Noiret’ vines because of low yields, low crop load ratios, and low preference rankings of LVSP wines by the consumer sensory panel.

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Primary Bud Hardiness of Four Genotypes of Grapes in Arkansas

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.116.5.835 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (5) ◽

pp. 835-837 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Timothy F. Bourne ◽

J.N. Moore ◽

Milon F. George

Keyword(s):

Thermal Analysis ◽

Differential Thermal Analysis ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Training System ◽

The Other ◽

Training Systems ◽

Freeze Damage ◽

Vitis Spp

Four interspecific grape hybrids (Vitis spp.) developed in Arkansas were evaluated for primary bud hardiness by differential thermal analysis. Buds from two locations were analyzed over 2 years for acclimation, midwinter hardiness, and deacclimation. In addition, effects of two training systems on cold hardiness of buds were evaluated in one location. The buds of the two genotypes with the greatest component of V. vinifera in their ancestry acclimated more slowly than did the other genotypes. Ultimate midwinter bud hardiness was greater in the genotypes possessing less V. vinifera than other parentage. No effect on cold hardiness due to training system was noted. No natural winter freeze damage was observed on any of the genotypes in the period of observation.

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Leaf-to-Fruit Ratios in Vitis vinifera L. cv. “Sauvignon Blanc”, “Carmenère”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah” Growing in Maule Valley (Chile): Influence on Yield and Fruit Composition

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture9080176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa ◽

Irina Díaz-Galvéz ◽

Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez ◽

Yerko Moreno-Simunovic

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Yield Components ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Clear Trend ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

Sauvignon Blanc ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Berry Composition

A trial was conducted during the 2005–2006 season in order to determine the effects of different leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield components and fruit composition in four Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. The treatments consisted of selecting shoots of four lengths (>1.3 m, 1.3–0.8 m, 0.8–0.4 m, and <0.4 m) with two crop levels (1–2 clusters/shoot), which allowed defining eight ratios. Berry composition and yield components were measured. The treatments affected the accumulation of soluble solids in “Sauvignon blanc”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah”, delaying it as the ratio decreased. All yield components were affected in “Sauvignon blanc”, while bunch weight and the number of berries per bunch were altered without a clear trend. None of the yield components were affected in “Cabernet Sauvignon”, while the lowest ratio presented the lowest number of berries per bunch in “Syrah”. Total polyphenol index (TPI) was affected in “Carmenère” without a clear trend. A highly significant correlation was found between shoot length and leaf area in all studied cultivars. As the ratio increased, the shoot lignification increased in “Sauvignon blanc”. However, studies must be conducted during more seasons to establish better conclusions about the effects of leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield and fruit composition.

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The Impact of Training Systems on Productivity and GHG Emissions from Grapevines in the Sughd Region in Northern Tajikistan

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10060818 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 818

Author(s):

Maciej Chowaniak ◽

Naim Rashidov ◽

Marcin Niemiec ◽

Florian Gambuś ◽

Andrzej Lepiarczyk

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Evaluation Process ◽

Training System ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Training Systems ◽

Yield Quality ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

The Impact

Northern Tajikistan creates favorable conditions for growing grapes due to its climate. The choice of method of grape production to ensure a high-quality yield, while reducing the negative effects of such production on the environment, poses a serious challenge to implementation regarding the principles of sustainable production. In addition to the essential techniques associated with grapevine production, such as irrigation, fertilization, and plant protection, a training system plays a significant role. The objective of this research was to evaluate the environmental efficiency of vineyard training systems in northern Tajikistan. The indicators accepted for the evaluation process were the vegetative growth of plants, yield, and environmental pressure of production expressed by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The single-factor experiment was conducted in Ghafurov District, and the following training systems were used: (A) multi-arm fan; (B) Umbrella Kniffin; (C) one-side multi-arm, paired planting. Growth parameters, yield, yield quality, and GHG emissions were evaluated. The cultivation of grapes in training system “C” resulted in higher values of parameters such as Practical Bud Fertility coefficient and fruiting shoots pcs and higher yields. The training systems were ranked according to GHG emissions per yield unit in the following order, from lower to higher emissions: C < B < A.

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Crop Load Adjustment in ‘Seyval Blanc’ Winegrape: Impacts on Yield Components, Fruit Composition, Consumer Wine Preferences, and Economics of Production

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.21.5.593 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 593-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tyler G. Berkey ◽

Anna Katharine Mansfield ◽

Steven D. Lerch ◽

James M. Meyers ◽

Justine E. Vanden Heuvel

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Consumer Preference ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Load Management ◽

Labor Costs ◽

Sensory Panel ◽

Crop Load ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Cluster Thinning ◽

Second Year

Crop load management treatments were applied to ‘Seyval Blanc’ grapevines (Vitis hybrid) as a 2 × 2 factorial design: no shoot thinning (ST)/no cluster thinning (CL) (i.e., control), ST combined with CL (ST + CL), ST only, and CL only. All treatments reduced yield and crop load (yield/pruning weight) in 2009 and had a smaller impact in 2010 due to the carryover effect of previous year treatments on crop potential. Soluble solids were improved by up to 3.2% by the ST + CL treatment in 2009, but were not impacted by treatments in the second year when the range of yield was smaller and the ripening conditions more favorable. Rank sum analysis for the 2009 vintage indicated that wines produced from the CL treatment were preferred by the sensory panel compared with the control wine, but there were no differences in consumer preference for wines produced in the 2010 season. Grower preferred price in 2009 (required to compensate the grower for labor costs and lost yield) increased from $556/t in the control to $824/t in the CL treatment, an increase which could be justified by the demonstrated consumer preference for the CL wine. Grower preferred price was $1022/t in the ST + CL treatment in 2009, a price increase that was not justified by a demonstrated consumer preference for the wine. In 2010, grower preferred price ranged from $541/t for the control to $610/t for the ST + CL treatment, an unjustified increase based on the lack of demonstrated consumer preference for the wines.

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579 Effect of Shoot Positioning, Leaf Removal, Cluster Shading, and Curtain Orientation on Fruit Composition and Primary Bud Cold Hardiness in `Norton/Cynthiana' Grapevines (Vitis aestivalis)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.546d ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 546D-546

Author(s):

Sanliang Gu ◽

Susanne Howard ◽

Martin K. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Cold Hardiness ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Skin Pigmentation ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Leaf Removal ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Total Titratable Acidity ◽

Vitis Aestivalis

The effects of shoot positioning, leaf removal, cluster shading, and curtain orientation on fruit composition and primary bud cold hardiness were investigated in mature `Norton/Cynthiana' grapevines (Vitis aestivalis) trained to Geneva double curtain (GDC) trellis system. For four years (1995–1998) juice soluble solids content, total titratable acidity, and pH were not affected shoot positioning. Cluster shading, curtain orientation, and leaf removal affected fruit composition at harvest. Fruit from the south-facing curtain of the GDC trellis system had higher juice soluble solid content, pH, and skin pigmentation than fruit from the north-facing curtain. Cluster shading decreased skin pigmentation while cluster shading at the highest level only (95%) increased pH and decreased total titratable acidity. Leaf removal, which increases light exposure of the fruit, increased juice pH in the 1997 experiment only. Juice potassium level was decreased by shoot positioning, but not cluster shading or curtain orientation. Cold hardiness of primary buds was affected by these treatments early in the winter, but the differences in primary bud cold hardiness among the treatments diminished toward the end of the dormant season.

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Performance of 'Seyval Blanc' Grape in Four Training Systems Over Five Years

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.37.7.1023 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 1023-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Ferree ◽

T. Steiner ◽

J. Gallander ◽

D. Scurlock ◽

G. Johns ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Constituents ◽

Canopy Gaps ◽

Training System ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Average Weight ◽

Training Systems ◽

Bunch Rot ◽

System Average

Own-rooted 'Seyval Blanc' vines were evaluated over 5 years in the following training systems: bilateral cordon, bilateral cordon sylvos (sylvos), upright cordon-spur pruned, and upright cordon-cane pruned. Vines in all systems were spaced 1.8 x 2.7 m and were shoot thinned to 40 shoots and cluster thinned to one cluster per shoot. Cumulative yields over 5 years of the upright cordon systems were higher than vines in the sylvos system. Average weight of cane prunings was higher in the upright cordon vines than in all other systems. Vines trained to the sylvos system had more canopy gaps, less Botrytis bunch rot, and higher juice soluble solids than other systems in some years. The chemical constituents of the must and wine or evaluation by tasting showed little influence of training system.

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The influence of bird netting on yield and fruit, juice, and wine composition of Vitis vinifera L.

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2013.47.1.1536 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Vinay Pagay ◽

Andrew G. Reynolds ◽

K. Helen Fisher

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Growing Season ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Positive Finding ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Cabernet Franc ◽

Wine Composition ◽

Migratory Patterns ◽

The Impact

Aims: To investigate the impact of semi-permanent bird netting and timing of its application on Cabernet franc grapevine yield components and fruit, juice, and wine composition.Methods and results: Semi-permanent bird netting was installed over Cabernet franc grapevines at various times – post-bloom, bunch closure, and veraison – of the 2004 growing season in the Niagara Peninsula of Canada. At harvest, vine yield components were measured followed by berry and must compositional analysis of soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity (TA), color, and polyphenols. Wines made from these grapes were also analyzed (pH, TA, color, and polyphenols). It was found that installation of bird netting over grapevines had minimal effect on yield components and berry composition regardless of when the nets were installed. Must composition revealed significant decreases in soluble solids, pH, and color as a result of the netting, the least impact being when the nets were applied at post-bloom. Wine composition was similar to the must data with the netted treatments resulting in lower pH, higher TA, and decreased color. Total anthocyanins and polyphenols were slightly reduced as a result of the netting.Conclusions: Minimal impact of bird netting on yield, fruit, must and wine quality is a positive finding since netting is becoming more prevalent in vineyards worldwide due to changing migratory patterns of birds. It is recommended that netting be applied around post-bloom for the ease of application, to minimize shading effects, which could lead to decreased fruit quality, and to maintain yield.Significance and impact of the study: Use of bird netting is becoming more prevalent by grape growers worldwide due to changing migratory patterns of birds that feed on grapes. This study shows that bird netting is not detrimental to yield and fruit and wine quality especially when applied early in the growing season.

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